Circulatory System 10.1

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1 1 Circulatory System 10.1

2 2 ARTERIES Arteries-blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart Thick walls Inner & Outer layers: connective tissue Middle layers are muscle and elastic connective tissue Stretch to accommodate the in-rush of blood

3 3 ARTERIOLES Blood from the arteries passes into smaller blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart named ARTERIOLES. The middle layer of the arteriole blood vessels are made up of elastic fibres and smooth muscle.

4 Source: 4

5 Smooth muscle relaxes, causing the walls of the artery to dilate, increasing blood flow (vasodilation) Blushing, releases heat Nerve impulse causes the smooth muscle in the artery to contract, reducing diameter of the vessel and decreasing blood flow. (vasoconstriction) Turn pale when frightened 5

6 6

7 7 Atherosclerosis Excess lipids in the blood is deposited on the walls of the arteries Minerals like calcium deposit on top of the lipid forming plaque Narrows arteries and causes high blood pressure Plaque penetrates artery walls, causing blood clots to form

8 8 Artherosclerosis Source:

9 9 Aneurysm Bulge that forms in a weakened blood vessel Due to artherosclerosis Weakened bit of artery protrudes as blood is pumped through

10 10 Capillaries Single layer of cells Fluid and gas exchange Capillary beds are easily damaged High blood pressure or impact will rupture the capillary Oxygen is diffused from the blood to the tissue through the walls of the capillaries Oxygenated blood=red Deoxygenated blood= deep purple/red

11 11

12 12 Veins and Venules Capillaries merge and become larger vessles called venules Walls of venules contain smooth muscles Venules merge to form veins Blood passes through narrow vessels with weaker walls, pressure is reduced When blood reaaches venules, the pressure is too low to drive blood back to the heart

13 13 Valves One way valves, directing blood back to the heart Skeletal muscles bulge when in use, reducing the diameter of the vein Pressure in the vein increases, the valves open allowing blood to flow towards the heart

14 14 Veins 65% of your blood is stored in the veins Varicose veins Veins distend and blood pools in the veins and damages the valves Blood seeps through the one way valves and stays collects Prolonged standing or compressing the veins (sitting crossed legged) can contribute to the problem

15 Vericose Veins 15

16 16

17 17 Questions Pg Pg , 3, 5, 7

18 18 The Heart 10.2

19 19

20 20 Heart Pericardium-fluid filled sac that surrounds the heart, prevents friction 4 chambers 2 thin walled atria (chamber that receives blood from the veins) 2 thick walled ventricles (chamber that delivers blood to the arteries)

21 21 Pumps 2 parallel pumps are separated by the septum (wall of muscle). The septum keeps the oxygenated blood separate from the deoxygenated blood. Pump on the right Receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it into the lungs Pump on the left Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the body

22 Source: aculty/henderson/apii/blank%20diagrams/19-17b_pulmnrycirc_2.jpg 22 Pulmonary Circulatory System Blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs

23 23 Systemic Circulatory System Vessels that carry blood to and from the body

24 Superior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the head and upper body to the right atrium Inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from all veins below the diaphragm to the same atrium Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium 24

25 25

26 Atrioventricular valves (AV) separate the atria from the ventricles AV prevent blood from backflowing from a ventricle into an atrium Semilunar valves (SV) separate he ventricles from the arteries SV prevent blood from backflowing from an artery into a ventricle 26

27 27

28 Aorta carries oxygenated blood away from the heart Coronary arteries supply the muscle cells in the heart with oxygen and nutrients 28

29 29 Coronary Bypass Surgery Cardiopulmonary bypass

30 Artificial Heart 30

31 31 Cardiac Catheterization Catheter is inserted in artery in the groin Pushed through aorta into the heart Radioactive dye is injected into catheter Dye travels through blood vessels, where restrictions can be seen Angioplasty, using an inflatable balloon to open the blockage

32 Angioplasty 32

33 33 Heartbeat Simulation of Heart Pumping Contracts without being stimulated by external nerves (myogenic muscle) Beat rate is set by the sinoatrial (SA) node Upper right atrium sets a rhythm at about 70 bpm Contractions travel to second node, atrioventricular (AV) node, which acts as a conductor (AV) node passes impulses via 2 Purkinje fibres to the bottom of the heart L and R atria contract before the L and R ventricles

34 34

35 35

36 36

37 37 Heart Sounds Closing of the valves causes the lubb dubb Diastole is the period of rest when the atria and ventricles are relaxed Atria fill with blood while they are relaxed Atria contract, increasing pressure, forcing the AV valves open Blood flows from atria into ventricles

38 Filled ventricles contract, pressure forces AV valves shut, producing lubb sound and pushing blood into the arteries Period of contraction is called systole Ventricles relax, volume increases Increased volume, pressure in ventricles decreases, closing of semilunar valves creates dubb sound 38

39 39 Check your understanding Pg. 327 Questions 1, 2, 5 & 6 Label heart diagram

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