30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions. KEY CONCEPT The respiratory and circulatory systems bring oxygen and nutrients to the cells.

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions. KEY CONCEPT The respiratory and circulatory systems bring oxygen and nutrients to the cells."

Peregrine Matthews
6 years ago
Views:

1 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions KEY CONCEPT The respiratory and circulatory systems bring oxygen and nutrients to the cells.

2 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions The respiratory and circulatory systems work together to maintain homeostasis. The circulatory system transports blood and other materials. brings supplies to cells carries away wastes separates oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood Oxygen-poor blood Oxygen-rich blood

3 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions The respiratory system is where gas exchange occurs. picks up oxygen from inhaled air expels carbon dioxide and water sinus nose mouth epiglottis trachea lungs

4 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions The respiratory system moves gases into and out of the blood. The lungs contain the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. Millions of alveoli give the lungs a huge surface area. The alveoli absorb oxygen from the air you inhale. alveoli bronchiole

30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Breathing involves the diaphragm and muscles of the rib cage. Air flows from areas of high pressure to low pressure.

5 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions Breathing involves the diaphragm and muscles of the rib cage. Air flows from areas of high pressure to low pressure. Air inhaled. Air exhaled. Muscles contract and rib cage expands. Muscles and rib cage relax. Diaphragm flattens and moves downward. Diaphragm relaxes and rises.

6 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions The circulatory system moves blood to all parts of the body. The system includes the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. heart pumps blood throughout body arteries move blood away from heart veins move blood back to heart capillaries get blood to and from cells arteries veins

7 30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions There are three major functions of the circulatory system. transporting blood, gases, nutrients collecting waste materials maintaining body temperature

8 30.2 Respiration and Gas Exchange KEY CONCEPT The respiratory system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide.

oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillary oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells carbon

9 30.2 Respiration and Gas Exchange Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried by the blood to and from the alveoli. oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillary oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells carbon dioxide difuses from capillary into alveoli ALVEOLI alveolus GAS EXCHANGES capillary Co 2 diffuses into alveolus. co 2 o 2 O 2 diffuses into blood. capillaries

10 30.2 Respiration and Gas Exchange Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs. Breathing is regulated by the brain stem. midbrain pons medulla oblongata spinal chord

11 30.2 Respiration and Gas Exchange Respiratory diseases interfere with gas exchange. Lung diseases reduce airflow and oxygen absorption. Emphysema destroys alveoli. Asthma constricts airways. Cystic fibrosis produces sticky mucus.

12 30.2 Respiration and Gas Exchange Smoking is the leading cause of lung diseases.

13 30.3 The Heart and Circulation KEY CONCEPT The heart is a muscular pump that moves the blood through two pathways.

14 30.3 The Heart and Circulation The tissues and structures of the heart make it an efficient pump. Cardiac muscle tissue works continuously without tiring. It is involuntary, does not require input to work, however signals from brain control Heart rate. NORMAL HUMAN HEART

15 30.3 The Heart and Circulation The heart has four chambers: two atria, two ventricles. Valves in each chamber prevent backflow of blood. pulmonary valve aortic valve left atrium right atrium mitral valve tricuspid left ventricle right ventricle septum Muscles squeeze the chambers in a powerful pumping action.

16 30.3 The Heart and Circulation The heartbeat consists of two contractions. SA node, or pacemaker, stimulates atria to contract AV node stimulates ventricles to contract SA node VA node

17 30.3 The Heart and Circulation Blood flows through the heart in a specific pathway

18 30.3 The Heart and Circulation Blood flows through the heart in a specific pathway. oxygen-poor blood enters right atrium, then right ventricle right ventricle pumps blood to lungs oxygen-rich blood from lungs enters left atrium, then left ventricle left ventricle pumps blood to body

19 30.3 The Heart and Circulation The heart pumps blood through two main pathways. Pulmonary circulation occurs between the heart and the lungs. oxygen-poor blood enters lungs excess carbon dioxide and water expelled blood picks up oxygen oxygen-rich blood returns to heart

20 30.3 The Heart and Circulation Systemic circulation occurs between the heart and the rest of the body. oxygen-rich blood goes to organs, extremities oxygen-poor blood returns to heart The two pathways help maintain a stable body temperature.

21 30.4 Blood Vessels and Transport KEY CONCEPT The circulatory system transports materials throughout the body.

22 30.4 Blood Vessels and Transport Arteries, veins, and capillaries transport blood to all parts of the body. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. blood under great pressure thicker, more muscular walls endothelium smooth muscle connective tissue valve ARTERY CAPILLARIES VEIN arteriole venule

23 30.4 Blood Vessels and Transport Veins carry blood back to the heart. blood under less pressure thinner walls, larger diameter valves prevent backflow endothelium smooth muscle connective tissue valve ARTERY CAPILLARIES VEIN arteriole venule

24 30.4 Blood Vessels and Transport Capillaries move blood between veins, arteries, and cells. endothelium smooth muscle connective tissue valve ARTERY CAPILLARIES VEIN arteriole venule

25 30.4 Blood Vessels and Transport Blood pressure is a measure of the force of blood pushing against artery walls. systolic pressure: left ventricle contracts diastolic pressure: left ventricle relaxes High blood pressure can precede a heart attack or stroke.

26 30.4 Blood Vessels and Transport Lifestyle plays a key role in circulatory diseases. Some choices lead to an increased risk of circulatory diseases. smoking long-term stress excessive weight lack of exercise diet low in fruits and vegetables, high in saturated fats

27 30.4 Blood Vessels and Transport Circulatory diseases affect mainly the heart and the arteries. artery walls become thick and inflexible plaque blocks blood flow in arteries

28 30.5 Blood KEY CONCEPT Blood is a complex tissue that transports materials.

29 30.5 Blood Blood is composed mainly of cells, cell fragments, and plasma. Whole blood is made up of different materials. plasma red blood cells white blood cells platelets plasma red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

30 30.5 Blood Plasma is a key factor in maintaining homeostasis. molecules diffuse into and out of plasma contains proteins that stabilize blood volume contains clotting factors contains immune proteins

31 30.5 Blood Platelets and different types of blood cells have different functions. The bone marrow manufactures most of the blood components. red blood cell platelet white blood cell

30.5 Blood Red blood cells make up 40-45 % of all blood cells.

32 30.5 Blood Red blood cells make up % of all blood cells. transport oxygen to cells and carry away carbon dioxide have no nuclei and contain hemoglobin

33 30.5 Blood White blood cells fight pathogens and destroy foreign matter. red blood cell platelet white blood cell

34 30.5 Blood Protein markers define blood types and Rh factors. ABO blood group the most common Rh factor can be negative or positive blood types must be compatible for transfusions

35 30.5 Blood Platelets help form clots that control bleeding. platelets fibrin red blood cell white blood cell

The Circulatory System

The Circulatory System Single-celled organisms do not need a circulatory system. They are in direct contact with their environment, so transport of materials occurs by diffusion and osmosis. Larger organisms