Acute Kidney Injury. I. David Weiner, M.D. Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Transplantation University of Florida and NF/SGVHS
|
|
- Lauren Thornton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Acute Kidney Injury I. David Weiner, M.D. Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Transplantation University of Florida and NF/SGVHS
2 Concentration (Initial = 100) The good, the bad and the ugly The good: Very effective at removing toxins Renal Clearance of Compounds in the Plasma 80.0 Clint Eastwood Lee Van Cleef Eli Wallach Time (Minutes)
3 The good, the bad and the ugly Clint Eastwood Lee Van Cleef Eli Wallach The good: Very effective at removing toxins The bad: Very high metabolic rate and O 2 consumption Very sensitive to toxins or decreased O 2 delivery The ugly: Kidney damage dramatically increases mortality ~40% of people with acute kidney injury requiring dialysis die
4 What can we do for the person with AKI? Give medications to speed renal recovery None available Identify and treat the cause of the AKI Treat complications
5 What causes AKI? Blood doesn t get to the kidney Pre-renal azotemia
6 What causes AKI? Blood doesn t get to the kidney Pre-renal azotemia Glomeruli and tubules cannot function Intrinsic or parenchymal
7 What causes AKI? Blood doesn t get to the kidney Pre-renal azotemia Glomeruli and tubules cannot function Intrinsic Urine cannot get out Obstructive uropathy
8 Case 1 48 year old with history of alcohol abuse has been vomiting blood and having diarrhea for the past 4 days PEx BP 72/48, HR 132 Dry mucous membranes JVP 1 cm H 2 O Labs BUN, 157 mg/dl (~10, nl) Creatinine, 7.2 mg/dl egfr, 8 ml/min/m 2
9 Pre-renal azotemia - blood doesn t get to the kidneys No blood Decreased intravascular volume Bleeding Vomiting Diarrhea Excessive diuresis
10 What causes blood not to get to the kidneys? No pump Myocardial dysfunction
11 What causes blood not to get to the kidneys? Hormones that maintain renal perfusion during low flow conditions are blocked Examples Renal artery stenosis Mild intravascular volume depletion Hormones Ang II ACE-I or ARB Prostaglandins NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors
12 What causes blood not to get to the kidneys? Excessive renal artery constriction during certain diseases Sepsis Hepatorenal syndrome
13 What causes AKI? Blood cannot get to the kidney - Pre-renal No blood No pump Blood goes somewhere else
14 Detection trick the kidneys are very smart! If not enough blood gets to kidneys, the kidneys think we are volume depleted Decide to make less urine (<600 ml/d) Activate urine concentration Urea reabsorption Less urinary urea excretion Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased out of proportion to changes in GFR Elevated BUN:Creatinine Ratio Normal, 10:1 Pre-renal azotemia, ~20:1 BUN 157 mg/dl, Cr, 7.2 mg/dl BUN/Cr = 21.8
15 Case #2 28 year old involved in motorcycle accident. In ER has BP 90/40 with HR 128. He undergoes CT scan with intravenous contrast and then is taken to the OR for exploratory laparotomy. During surgery he requires norepinephrine infusion to maintain his BP. 12 hrs later he has urine output of 10 ml/hr. Three days later his BP is normal, but he has BUN 74 and creatinine 7.6.
16 What causes AKI? Blood cannot get to the kidney Pre-renal Glomeruli and tubules cannot function Intrinsic or parenchymal
17 Parenchymal AKI Acute Glomerulonephritis Glomeruli Acute Interstitial Interstitium Nephritis Acute Tubular Tubules Necrosis
18 Parenchymal AKI Acute Glomerulonephritis Acute Interstitial Nephritis Immunecomplex Deposition Cell-mediated Acute Tubular Necrosis Antibody to glomerular Basement membrane SLE Chronic Infection (Endocarditis, HCV, Osteomyelitis) Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) Antibody Cross-reactivity (Lungs)
19 Immunofluorescence of renal biopsy Lumpy-bumpy Immune-complex deposition Pauci-immune ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis Linear Anti-GBM disease Goodpasture s disease, if pulmonary involvement
20 Parenchymal AKI Acute Glomerulonephritis Acute Interstitial Nephritis Acute Tubular Necrosis Decreased O 2 delivery Nephrotoxin Exposure Hypotension and/or vasoconstrictive agents Surgery Exogenous (Medications, X-ray contrast) Endogenous (Myoglobin)
21 Parenchymal AKI Acute Glomerulonephritis Acute Interstitial Nephritis Acute Tubular Necrosis Allergic Non-allergic Skin rash Proteinuria Medications Eosinophiluria NSAIDs
22 Trick BUN:Creatinine ratio is normal, ~10:1
23 Case #3 74 year old gentleman with a 30+ year history of DM, with complications including retinopathy, neuropathy and enteropathy. Chief complaint: I haven t passed water for three days. PEx: VS: BP 147/84, HR 84 Grapefruit-sized mass in lower abdomen, non-tender Labs: BUN 141, creatinine 12.8 Bladder ( foley ) catheter is placed and drains 1200 cc of urine.
24 What causes AKI? Blood cannot get to the kidney Pre-renal Glomeruli and tubules cannot function Parenchymal Urine cannot get out Obstructive uropathy
25 Obstructive uropathy Bladder cannot empty Urethral obstruction, e.g., BPH Bladder cannot squeeze Neurogenic bladder Urine cannot get from kidneys to bladder Ureteral obstruction, e.g., pelvic malignancy, kidney stones Renal tubular obstruction
26 What caused the AKI? Diagnostic hints from selected laboratory test
27 Urinalysis Dysmorphic RBC suggests glomerulonephritis
28 Urinalysis Renal tubular epithelial cells suggest ATN
29 Urinalysis Urine eosinophils suggest acute tubulointerstitial nephritis
30 Renal ultrasound Normal Hydronephrosis Liver Kidney
31 Renal ultrasound Normal Small, echogenic Liver Kidney
32 Most common causes of AKI Pre-renal azotemia Acute tubular necrosis Both are caused by hypotension Both present with oliguria (low urine output, < 600 ml/d)
33 Differentiating pre-renal azotemia and ATN Intravascular volume depletion ( prerenal azotemia ) Tubules sense intravascular volume depletion Maximally reabsorb Na+ and water Reabsorb >99% of filtered Na + Excrete < 1% of filtered Na + Acute Tubular Necrosis Tubule cells that reabsorb Na + are damaged Cannot reabsorb 99% of filtered Na + Excrete > 1% of filtered Na +
34 Fractional excretion of sodium (FE Na ) Calculates percentage of filtered sodium (GFR x [Na+]) not reabsorbed and excreted in urine FE Na = (U Na / P Na ) / (U Cr / P Cr ) Pre-renal azotemia, < 1% ATN, >1% Only needed if the patient is oliguric Yes, you need to know this formula
35 Coming attractions Biomarkers Kidney-specific proteins present in renal cells and not in the urine Released by damaged cells
36 Acute Kidney Injury What caused it?
37 Acute Kidney Injury What caused it? Treat complications.
38 Indications for emergent dialysis Patient will die in new few hours if you don t, i.e., refractory, life-threatening Hyperkalemia Pulmonary edema Specific drug overdoses Lithium, ethylene glycol, methanol Most medications Highly protein bound or high volume distribution Not removed quickly by dialysis
39 Evaluation of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) What caused it? What should be done about it? Treat underlying cause Treat complications
Introduction to Clinical Diagnosis Nephrology
Introduction to Clinical Diagnosis Nephrology I. David Weiner, M.D. C. Craig and Audrae Tisher Chair in Nephrology Professor of Medicine and Physiology and Functional Genomics University of Florida College
More informationDisorders of the kidney. Urine analysis. Nephrotic and nephritic syndrome.
Disorders of the kidney. Urine analysis. Nephrotic and nephritic syndrome. Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities Disturbances in urine volume oliguria, anuria, polyuria Abnormalities of urine sediment red
More informationDr.Nahid Osman Ahmed 1
1 ILOS By the end of the lecture you should be able to Identify : Functions of the kidney and nephrons Signs and symptoms of AKI Risk factors to AKI Treatment alternatives 2 Acute kidney injury (AKI),
More informationACUTE KIDNEY INJURY A PRIMER FOR PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIANS. Myriam Farah, MD, FRCPC
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY A PRIMER FOR PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIANS Myriam Farah, MD, FRCPC Clinical Assistant Professor Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia November 2016 1. How to recognize acute
More informationElevated Serum Creatinine, a simplified approach
Elevated Serum Creatinine, a simplified approach Primary Care Update Creighton University School of Medicine. April 27 th, 2018 Disclosure Slide I have no disclosures and have no conflicts with this presentation.
More informationDr Rodney Itaki Lecturer Anatomical Pathology Discipline. University of Papua New Guinea School of Medicine & Health Sciences Division of Pathology
Acute Renal Failure & Malaria Dr Rodney Itaki Lecturer Anatomical Pathology Discipline University of Papua New Guinea School of Medicine & Health Sciences Division of Pathology Definitions Inability of
More informationTHE KIDNEY AND SLE LUPUS NEPHRITIS
THE KIDNEY AND SLE LUPUS NEPHRITIS JACK WATERMAN DO FACOI 2013 NEPHROLOGY SIR RICHARD BRIGHT TERMINOLOGY RENAL INSUFFICIENCY CKD (CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE) ESRD (ENDSTAGE RENAL DISEASE) GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
More informationAcute Kidney Injury. Eleanor Haskey BSc(hons) RVN VTS(ECC) VPAC A1
Acute Kidney Injury Eleanor Haskey BSc(hons) RVN VTS(ECC) VPAC A1 Anatomy and Physiology The role of the kidneys is to filter the blood through the glomerulus to form filtrate. The filtrate is then reabsorbed
More information1. Disorders of glomerular filtration
RENAL DISEASES 1. Disorders of glomerular filtration 2. Nephrotic syndrome 3. Disorders of tubular transport 4. Oliguria and polyuria 5. Nephrolithiasis 6. Disturbances of renal blood flow 7. Acute renal
More informationNephrology. 3 rd Year Revision Session 06/05/17 Cathal Hannan
Nephrology 3 rd Year Revision Session 06/05/17 Cathal Hannan Aims Acute Kidney Injury-recognition and management Sample OSCE Station Clinically relevant renal physiology Aetiology of Chronic Kidney Disease
More informationDefinition : Stages : ( RIFLE vs. AKIN ) Causes and classification : Pre-renal Renal Post- renal Clinical manifestations and Complication Management
AKI Definition : Stages : ( RIFLE vs. AKIN ) Causes and classification : Pre-renal Renal Post- renal Clinical manifestations and Complication Management and indications for RRT Etiology prerenal causes
More informationBIOL 2402 Renal Function
BIOL 2402 Renal Function Dr. Chris Doumen Collin County Community College 1 Renal Clearance and GFR Refers to the volume of blood plasma from which a component is completely removed in one minute by all
More informationAcute Kidney Injury in the ED
+ Acute Kidney Injury in the ED + Dr Eric Clark, MD FRCPC University of Ottawa Canada Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians + Outline 1. Diagnostic challenges 2. ED treatment 3. Contrast induced
More informationRenal Disease and PK/PD. Anjay Rastogi MD PhD Division of Nephrology
Renal Disease and PK/PD Anjay Rastogi MD PhD Division of Nephrology Drugs and Kidneys Kidney is one of the major organ of drug elimination from the human body Renal disease and dialysis alters the pharmacokinetics
More informationAcute Kidney Injury (AKI)
(Last Updated: 08/22/2018) Created by: Socco, Samantha Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Thambi, M. (2017). Acute Kidney Injury. Lecture presented at PHAR 503 Lecture in UIC College of Pharmacy, Chicago. AKI This
More informationCardiorenal and Renocardiac Syndrome
And Renocardiac Syndrome A Vicious Cycle Cardiorenal and Renocardiac Syndrome Type 1 (acute) Acute HF results in acute kidney injury Type 2 Chronic cardiac dysfunction (eg, chronic HF) causes progressive
More informationRenal Transporters- pathophysiology of drug - induced renal disorders. Lisa Harris, Pharmacist, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, 2015 November
Renal Transporters- pathophysiology of drug - induced renal disorders Lisa Harris, Pharmacist, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, 2015 November Renal Failure Up to 25% of acute renal failure is drug induced
More informationScientific adviser: ass.prof Makharynska O.S Head of department: prof. Yabluchansky M.I.
Scientific adviser: ass.prof Makharynska O.S Head of department: prof. Yabluchansky M.I. Structure: Acute Renal failure (ARF) definition Anatomy and physiology of kidneys ARF diagnostic criterias ARF -
More informationKIDNEY FAILURE. What causes kidney failure People who are most at risk for kidney failure usually have one or more of the following causes:
KIDNEY FAILURE Your kidneys are a pair of organs located toward your lower back. One kidney is on each side of your spine. They filter your blood and remove toxins from your body. Your kidneys send toxins
More informationAlterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function Chapter 29 Urinary Tract Obstruction Urinary tract obstruction is an interference with the flow of urine at any site along the urinary tract The obstruction
More informationPRE-RENAL AKI: DOES IT LEAD TO ATN. Sushma Bhusal
PRE-RENAL AKI: DOES IT LEAD TO ATN Sushma Bhusal 9.9.14 CASE PRESENTATION CC : 31 AAM presented with Fatigue, malaise and body aches x 10 days HPI: STD testing done 2 weeks prior, all results negative
More informationA&P of the Urinary System
A&P of the Urinary System Week 44 1 Objectives Identify the organs of the urinary system, from a Identify the parts of the nephron (the functional unit List the characteristics of a normal urine specimen.
More informationRENAL FAILURE IN CHILDREN Dr. Mai Mohamed Elhassan Assistant Professor Jazan University
RENAL FAILURE IN CHILDREN Dr. Mai Mohamed Elhassan Assistant Professor Jazan University OBJECTIVES By the end of this lecture each student should be able to: Define acute & chronic kidney disease(ckd)
More informationAcute Renal Failure aka Acute Kidney Injury. Dr H Bierman
Acute Renal Failure aka Acute Kidney Injury Dr H Bierman RIFLE criteria for diagnosis of AKI based on The Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative Increase in S Cr Urine output Risk of renal injury Injury to
More informationAdvanced Concept of Nursing- II UNIT-VI Advance Nursing Management of Genitourinary (GU) Diseases.
In The Name of God (A PROJECT OF NEW LIFE COLLEGE OF NURSING KARACHI) Advanced Concept of Nursing- II UNIT-VI Advance Nursing Management of Genitourinary (GU) Diseases. Shahzad Bashir RN, BScN, DCHN,MScN
More informationTHE URINARY SYSTEM. The cases we will cover are:
THE URINARY SYSTEM The focus of this week s lab will be pathology of the urinary system. Diseases of the kidney can be broken down into diseases that affect the glomeruli, tubules, interstitium, and blood
More informationTHE URINARY SYSTEM. The cases we will cover are:
THE URINARY SYSTEM The focus of this week s lab will be pathology of the urinary system. Diseases of the kidney can be broken down into diseases that affect the glomeruli, tubules, interstitium, and blood
More informationL17: Acute. Kidney Injury
L17: Acute Medicine433@yahoo.com Kidney Injury objectives 1. Define Acute Kidney Injury 2. Know the epidemiology of Acute Kidney Injury 3. Know the etiology of Acute Kidney Injury 4. Manage Acute Kidney
More informationHIHIM 409 7/26/2009. Kidney and Nephron. Fermamdo Vega, M.D. 1
Function of the Kidneys Nephrology Fernando Vega, M.D. Seattle Healing Arts Center Remove Wastes Regulate Blood Pressure Regulate Blood Volume Regulates Electrolytes Converts Vitamin D to active form Produces
More informationAcute Liver Failure: Supporting Other Organs
Acute Liver Failure: Supporting Other Organs Michael A. Gropper, MD, PhD Professor of Anesthesia and Physiology Director, Critical Care Medicine University of California San Francisco Acute Liver Failure
More informationNon-protein nitrogenous substances (NPN)
Non-protein nitrogenous substances (NPN) A simple, inexpensive screening test a routine urinalysis is often the first test conducted if kidney problems are suspected. A small, randomly collected urine
More informationAcute kidney injury. Dr P Sigwadi Paediatric nephrology
Acute kidney injury Dr P Sigwadi Paediatric nephrology Introduction Is common in critically ill patients e.g. post cardiac surgery Occurs when renal function is diminished to a point where body fluid and
More informationUrinary system disorders Chapter 29
Urinary system disorders Chapter 29 1 The Nephron Anatomy 2 Physiology 1.25 L per minute blood flow 25% of Cardiac Output Kidney compensates if one is lost - 2 weeks 3 Urine Formation 1. Filtration 2.
More informationAcute Kidney Injury. Editing file Feedback. Color index: IMPORTANT - NOTES - EXTRA - Books
Acute Kidney Injury Objectives: Define Acute Kidney Injury Discuss the epidemiology of Acute Kidney Injury Discuss the etiology of Acute Kidney Injury Describe the management of Acute Kidney Injury: Diagnose
More informationClinical Significance of ARF. Hospital Acquired Renal Insufficiency. Case - Acute Renal Failure. Hospital Acquired Renal Insufficiency
Case - Acute Renal Failure 73 yo diabetic F w hx of mild HBP but normal renal function develops infection of R foot. Over 1 week fever, chills, inflammation swelling of her R foot and leg. She takes Motrin
More informationA Practical Approach to Acute Kidney Injury
A Practical Approach to Acute Kidney Injury Elise Barney, DO Nephrologist Phoenix VA Medical Center Clinical Assistant Professor, Medicine University of Arizona College of Medicine A Tribute to the Kidney!
More informationIdentifying and Managing Chronic Kidney Disease: A Practical Approach
Identifying and Managing Chronic Kidney Disease: A Practical Approach S. Neil Finkle, MD, FRCPC Associate Professor Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University Program Director,
More informationCKD FOR INTERNISTS. Dr Ahmed Hossain Associate professor Medicine Sir Salimullah Medical College
CKD FOR INTERNISTS Dr Ahmed Hossain Associate professor Medicine Sir Salimullah Medical College INTRODUCTION In 2002, the National Kidney Foundation s Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative(KDOQI)
More informationProfessor Suetonia Palmer
Professor Suetonia Palmer Department of Medicine Nephrologist Christchurch Hospital Christchurch 14:00-14:55 WS #108: The Kidney Test - When To Test and When to Refer ( and When Not To) 15:05-16:00 WS
More informationRenal Disease. Please refer to the assignment page Three online modules TBLs
Renal Disease Please refer to the assignment page Three online modules TBLs 1 Renal Embryology 2 Lab Tests UA CBC Enzymes Creatinine Creatinine clearance Ammonia Abs C Bx 3 BUN Creatinine Creatinine Clearance
More informationAcute kidney injury definition, causes and pathophysiology. Financial Disclosure. Some History Trivia. Key Points. What is AKI
Acute kidney injury definition, causes and pathophysiology Financial Disclosure Current support: Center for Sepsis and Critical Illness Award P50 GM-111152 from the National Institute of General Medical
More informationBiomarkers of renal diseases. By Dr. Gouse Mohiddin Shaik
By Dr. Gouse Mohiddin Shaik Introduction Renal system performs several functions Excretory Waste products like urea, creatinine, drug, toxins clearance Regulatory Water, electrolyte and acid base balance
More informationAcute Kidney Injury. July 28, 2015 Katharine Dahl, MD
Acute Kidney Injury July 28, 2015 Katharine Dahl, MD Definition Rapid decrease in GFR (minutes-days) Metabolic waste rate of production>rate of excretion Rise in serum markers of renal function: urea and
More informationAcute Kidney Injury in The Acute Oncology Patient
Acute Kidney Injury in The Acute Oncology Patient Dr Andrew Lewington BSc MEd MD FRCP Consultant Renal Physician/Honorary Senior Lecturer Leeds Teaching Hospitals Definition Definitions and terminology
More informationAcute Kidney Injury (AKI) Undergraduate nurse education
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Undergraduate nurse education Year Three Developed Summer 2017 Objectives Understand Acute Kidney Injury and its relevance to patient care. Brief revision of the Anatomy and physiology
More informationManagement of Acute Kidney Injury in the Neonate. Carolyn Abitbol, M.D. University of Miami Miller School of Medicine / Holtz Children s Hospital
Management of Acute Kidney Injury in the Neonate Carolyn Abitbol, M.D. University of Miami Miller School of Medicine / Holtz Children s Hospital Objectives Summarize the dilemmas in diagnosing & recognizing
More informationHepatorenal Syndrome
Necker Seminars in Nephrology Institut Pasteur Paris, April 22, 2013 Hepatorenal Syndrome Dr. Richard Moreau 1 INSERM U773, Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Bichat-Beaujon CRB3, 2 Université Paris Diderot
More informationMr PA. Clinical assessment of hydration. Poor urine output Sunken eyes Moistness of mucosa Cool peripheries Reduction in weight Postural hypotension
X Anthony Warrens Mr PA 54 years old Previously well Went to Thailand Developed serious diarrhoea and vomiting two days before coming home 24 hours after return, still unwell GP found: urea 24 mmol/l creatinine
More informationRicky Bell Renal/ICM Registrar
Ricky Bell Renal/ICM Registrar Objectives When to call renal How to manage the patient with AKI How the manage the patient with CKD (HD/PD) Special AKI situations What do the guidelines say? My referral
More informationAcute Kidney Injury (AKI) Undergraduate nurse education
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Undergraduate nurse education Year One Developed Summer 2017 Overview Basic A & P of: Urinary system Kidneys Followed by: Introduction to Acute Kidney Injury Urinary System The
More information** Accordingly GFR can be estimated by using one urine sample and do creatinine testing.
This sheet includes the lecture and last year s exam. When a patient goes to a clinic, we order 2 tests: 1) kidney function test: in which we measure UREA and CREATININE levels, and electrolytes (Na+,
More informationAcute Kidney Injury for the General Surgeon
Acute Kidney Injury for the General Surgeon UCSF Postgraduate Course in General Surgery Maui, HI March 20, 2011 Epidemiology & Definition Pathophysiology Clinical Studies Management Summary Hobart W. Harris,
More informationRenal Disease Survey Bracco Italiano Club of America Heath Committee, November 2012
Renal Disease Survey Bracco Italiano Club of America Heath Committee, November 2012 Kidney disease is currently one of the most pressing health issues for the Bracco Italiano breed, as the etiology is
More informationHistopathology: Glomerulonephritis and other renal pathology
Histopathology: Glomerulonephritis and other renal pathology These presentations are to help you identify basic histopathological features. They do not contain the additional factual information that you
More informationDIAGNOSIS AND INVESTIGATIONS (Table 13.3) 362 INTENSIVE CARE
362 INTENSIVE CARE the administration of NSAIDs, an ACE inhibitor or an angiotensin II receptor blocker during an episode of renal underperfusion. Dangerous hyperkalaemia, out of proportion to the degree
More informationThe role of the Nephrologist in Acute Kidney Injury. Rebecca Brown Consultant Nephrologist Royal Liverpool University Hospital
The role of the Nephrologist in Acute Kidney Injury Rebecca Brown Consultant Nephrologist Royal Liverpool University Hospital Overview Impact of AKI Need for change Who needs a Nephrologist Are we making
More informationLecture-2 Review of the previous lecture:
Lecture-2 Review of the previous lecture: -Kidney s function is to clean the blood by the removing of the waste plus adding some valuable substances -kidney failure will lead to death for many reasons,
More informationWEEK. MPharm Programme. Acute Kidney Injury. Alan M. Green MPHM13: Acute Kidney Injury. Slide 1 of 47
MPharm Programme Acute Kidney Injury Alan M. Green 2017 Slide 1 of 47 Overview Renal Function What is it? Why does it matter? What causes it? Who is at risk? What can we (Pharmacists) do? How do you recognise
More informationAcute Kidney Injury IM Resident Lecture. Yongen Chang, MD, PhD Nephrology July 2018
Acute Kidney Injury IM Resident Lecture Yongen Chang, MD, PhD Nephrology July 2018 Objectives Epidemiology Definition and Staging Etiology and Diagnostic Approach Specific syndromes of AKI Treatment Biomarkers
More informationHTN, retenopathy, edema, encephalopathy
ARF Uremic syndrom Uremic syndrome (uremia) is a serious complication of CRF & ARF. It occurs when urea and other waste products build up in the body because the kidneys are unable to eliminate them. These
More informationRENAL SYSTEM 2 TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF NEPHRON SEGMENTS Emma Jakoi, Ph.D.
RENAL SYSTEM 2 TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF NEPHRON SEGMENTS Emma Jakoi, Ph.D. Learning Objectives 1. Identify the region of the renal tubule in which reabsorption and secretion occur. 2. Describe the cellular
More informationACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. IAP UG Teaching slides
ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS 1 Definition Etiology Pathology/pathogenesis Risk factors Clinical Presentation Investigation Differential Diagnosis Management Outcome/Prognosis Indication for Renal Biopsy Summary
More informationAscites, a New Cause for Bilateral Hydronephrosis: Case Report
Case Study TheScientificWorldJOURNAL (2009) 9, 1035 1039 TSW Urology ISSN 1537-744X; DOI 10.1100/tsw.2009.112 Ascites, a New Cause for Bilateral Hydronephrosis: Case Report D. Jain*, S. Dorairajan, and
More informationStudy of Clinical Profile and Prognostic Factors of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) In Tertiary Referral Centre in Marathwada
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-853, p-issn: 2279-861.Volume 13, Issue 12 Ver. V (Dec. 214), PP 66-77 Study of Clinical Profile and Prognostic Factors of Acute Kidney
More informationA TRICKY PROBLEM. Presenter-Dr Lakshmi PK
A TRICKY PROBLEM Presenter-Dr Lakshmi PK Patient particulars 33 years old Male Resident of Andhra Pradesh Occupation-soldier Chief compliants Headache- 03 days Headache-global,throbbing type Associated
More informationOBJECTVES OF LEARNING
OBJECTVES OF LEARNING ACUTE RENAL FAILURE AND RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY DR.TAI CHENG SHENG RECOGNITION OF DEFINITION OF ARF RECOGNITION OF CAUSE OF ARF RECOGNITION OF PATHOGENESIS OF ARF RECOGNITION OF
More informationIrish Practice Nurses Association Annual Conference Tullamore Court Hotel OCTOBER 6 th 2012
Irish Practice Nurses Association Annual Conference Tullamore Court Hotel OCTOBER 6 th 2012 Susan McKenna Renal Clinical Nurse Specialist Cavan General Hospital Renal patient population ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
More informationHydronephrosis. What is hydronephrosis?
What is hydronephrosis? Hydronephrosis Hydronephrosis describes the situation where the urine collecting system of the kidney is dilated. This may be a normal variant or it may be due to an underlying
More informationRapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Alan Salama UCL Centre for Nephrology Royal Free Hospital
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis Alan Salama UCL Centre for Nephrology Royal Free Hospital Remember this. AKI Acute tubular injury Not all AKI is caused by sepsis or volume depletion AKI is caused
More informationFunctions of the kidney:
Diseases of renal system : Normal anatomy of renal system : Each human adult kidney weighs about 150 gm, the ureter enters the kidney at the hilum, it dilates into a funnel-shaped cavity, the pelvis, from
More informationC-Star Case Studies: Block D AKI-CKD - Prerenal/Intra-Renal/Post-renal. Setting: ER ID: 61-year-old female of African American Origin
C-Star Case Studies: Block D AKI-CKD - Prerenal/Intra-Renal/Post-renal Setting: ER ID: 61-year-old female of African American Origin Reasons for visit: Feeling tired, with an itch all over the body HPI:
More informationKidney Fun and Failure
Kidney Fun and Failure Tom Ozbirn, M.D. General Session 2, Saturday, 9/8/12 9:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. Thomas W. Ozbirn, Jr DO, FACP Nephrology Associates, PC Birmingham, Alabama 1 Objectives Understand Categories
More informationSection Six GENITOURINARY AND GYNECOLOGIC SYSTEMS
Section Six GENITOURINARY AND GYNECOLOGIC SYSTEMS CHAPTER 97 Renal Failure Allan B.Wolfson EVALUATION OF RENAL FUNCTION The evaluation of renal disease in the emergency department (ED) requires the intelligent
More information* It is proportionate to body size and the reference value is usually expressed after correction for body surface area as 120 ± 25 ml/min/1.
Ahmad Al-zoubi Glomerular filtration rate : is the sum of the ultrafiltration rates from plasma into the Bowman s space in each nephron and is a measure of renal excretory function *co : 6L *renal blood
More informationUrinalysis Competition Dr. Katharine Dahl Dr. Brenda Shinar
Urinalysis Competition 2017 Dr. Katharine Dahl Dr. Brenda Shinar Question 1. (PGY-1) An appropriate collection technique must be used in order to interpret urinalysis correctly. Which of the following
More informationNephritic vs. Nephrotic Syndrome
Page 1 of 18 Nephritic vs. Nephrotic Syndrome Terminology: Glomerulus: A network of blood capillaries contained within the cuplike end (Bowman s capsule) of a nephron. Glomerular filtration rate: The rate
More informationGrading of acute kidney injury(2013)
Acute kidney disease represents a spectrum of disease associated with a sudden onset of renal parenchymal injury most typically characterized by generalized failure of the kidneys to meet the excretory,
More informationRenal Function and Associated Laboratory Tests
Renal Function and Associated Laboratory Tests Contents Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)... 2 Cockroft-Gault Calculation of Creatinine Clearance... 3 Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) to Serum Creatinine (SCr)
More informationRENAL FUNCTION TESTS - Lecture
#Clinical Chemistry RENAL FUNCTION TESTS - Lecture Dr. Kakul Husain # The Kidney Kidneys are bean-shaped organs, each about the size of fist, located near the middle of the back, just below the ribs cage.
More informationA Clinical Approach to Acute Renal Failure. Jeffrey J. Kaufhold, MD FACP July 2017
A Clinical Approach to Acute Renal Failure Jeffrey J. Kaufhold, MD FACP July 2017 Summary Impact of ARF on hospitalized patients Causes of Acute Renal Failure Differential Pre-Renal Intra-renal Post-Renal
More informationDr P Sigwadi 30 May 2012
Dr P Sigwadi 30 May 2012 Introduction Haematuria Positive blood on urine dipstick 5 red blood cells/ microliter of urine Prevalence Gross haematuria ( macroscopic) 0.13 % Microscopic- 1.5% Haematuria +
More informationHuman Physiology - Problem Drill 17: The Kidneys and Nephronal Physiology
Human Physiology - Problem Drill 17: The Kidneys and Nephronal Physiology Question No. 1 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper
More informationAN UPDATE ON THE RECOGNITION, PREVENTION, AND MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE KIDNEY DISEASE IN DOGS AND CATS
AN UPDATE ON THE RECOGNITION, PREVENTION, AND MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE KIDNEY DISEASE IN DOGS AND CATS Richard E. Goldstein DVM, Dip. ACVIM, Dip. ECVIM-CA The Animal Medical Center New York, NY Azotemia refers
More informationMedicine Dr. Dana Lecture 1 Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Medicine Dr. Dana Lecture 1 Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Renal function Kidney has many roles: 1. Excretory function 2. Osmolality regulation 3. Acid base balance 4. BP regulation through salt and water balance
More informationObstructive Uropathy. PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES UUO vs BUO. Arry Rodjani Urology Department Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta
Obstructive Uropathy PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES UUO vs BUO Arry Rodjani Urology Department Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta INTRODUCTION Obstructive uropathy refers to the functional or anatomic obstruction
More informationEstimation of Serum Creatinine, Urine Creatinine and Creatinine Clearance. BCH472 [Practical] 1
Estimation of Serum Creatinine, Urine Creatinine and Creatinine Clearance BCH472 [Practical] 1 -Kidney functions: - The kidneys serve three essential functions: 1. They function as filters, removing metabolic
More informationRenal pathophysiology.
Renal pathophysiology basa.konecna@gmail.com Outline Intro basic structure & physiology Nephrotic syndrome Nephritic syndrome Acute renal failure Chronic kidney disease Gross structure and location Kidney
More informationII.Tubulointerstitial diseases
II.Tubulointerstitial diseases two major groups of processes (1) ischemic or toxic tubular injury, leading to acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute renal failure, and (2) inflammatory reactions of the tubules
More informationTHE CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY OF KIDNEY FUNCTIONS. Dr Boldizsár CZÉH
THE CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY OF KIDNEY FUNCTIONS Dr Boldizsár CZÉH The kidneys are vital organs Functional unit: Nephron RENAL FUNCTIONS Electrolyte & Fluid Balances Acid-Base Balances Elimination of Metabolic
More informationThe Excretory System
The Excretory System The excretory system The excretory system includes the skin, lungs and kidneys which all release metabolic wastes from the body. The kidneys, skin and the lungs are the principle organs
More informationAcute Kidney Injury. APSN JSN CME for Nephrology Trainees May Professor Robert Walker
Acute Kidney Injury APSN JSN CME for Nephrology Trainees May 2017 Professor Robert Walker Kidney International (2017) 91, 1033 1046; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.kint.2016.09.051 Case for discussion 55year
More informationNephrology - the study of the kidney. Urology - branch of medicine dealing with the male and female urinary systems and the male reproductive system
Urinary System Nephrology - the study of the kidney Urology - branch of medicine dealing with the male and female urinary systems and the male reproductive system Functions of the Urinary System 1. Regulation
More informationProceedings of the 34th World Small Animal Veterinary Congress WSAVA 2009
www.ivis.org Proceedings of the 34th World Small Animal Veterinary Congress WSAVA 2009 São Paulo, Brazil - 2009 Next WSAVA Congress : Reprinted in IVIS with the permission of the Congress Organizers HOW
More informationGeneral introduction of nephrology. Xiaoqiang Ding M.D., Ph.D. Department of nephrology Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
General introduction of nephrology Xiaoqiang Ding M.D., Ph.D. Department of nephrology Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Terminology Kidney,renal Nephrology Scope of nephrology Kidney diseases and
More informationDr A Pokrajac MD MSc MRCP Consultant
Dr A Pokrajac MD MSc MRCP Consultant Onset at 5-15 years of T1DM Can be present at diagnosis of T2DM Detect in regular MA/Cr screening (2X first urine sample, no UTI, no other causes) Contributing Factors
More informationRini Purwanti Sekretaris PD IPDI Jatim
Kidney Emergency Rini Purwanti Sekretaris PD IPDI Jatim overview The kidneys are a pair of small ( about the size of your fist-sized ), bean shaped organs that lie on either side of your spine, located
More informationAcute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease: Classifications and Interventions for Children and Adults
Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease: Classifications and Interventions for Children and Adults Teresa V. Lewis, PharmD, BCPS Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice University of Oklahoma College
More informationChronic Kidney Disease. Basics of CKD Terms Diagnosis Management
Chronic Kidney Disease Basics of CKD Terms Diagnosis Management Review the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) Review how CKD develops Review populations at risk for CKD Review CKD diagnosis Objectives
More informationAcute kidney injury it personal! Spring 2018
Objectives Acute kidney injury it personal! Spring 2018 Mitzi Glover, PhD, MT(ASCP) mglov1@lsuhsc.edu Differentiate between acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease Describe RIFLE, AKIN, and KDIGO
More informationManagement of New-Onset Proteinuria in the Ambulatory Care Setting. Akinlolu Ojo, MD, PhD, MBA
Management of New-Onset Proteinuria in the Ambulatory Care Setting Akinlolu Ojo, MD, PhD, MBA Urine dipstick results Negative Trace between 15 and 30 mg/dl 1+ between 30 and 100 mg/dl 2+ between 100 and
More information