Honors Biology: Rat Dissection ONLINE ASSIGNMENT

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1 Name: Honors Biology: Rat Dissection ONLINE ASSIGNMENT You and your group members will use the Honors Biology WIKI to create an online dissection manual. The point of this assignment is to illustrate what you have identified on your rat, the functions of each part, and to answer additional questions concerning anatomy and physiology of the rat/humans. All of the work on your webpages should be your own and from your own rat! You are not allowed to use pictures of other groups rats or pictures taken from websites or other sources. If you use any sources besides the dissection manual provided, you must cite your sources! Directions: Create a page on the pbworks Honors Biology WIKI for each of the sections listed below. The pages should be named with your group s name/names and the section. (Ex. Group 1 External Structures) All structures must be labeled on a picture from your rat. All questions, functions of organs, etc. must be answered on your pbworks page. This Online Dissection Manual should be a collaborative effort from ALL MEMBERS OF YOUR GROUP (not other groups WIKI pages or previous classes work). Link all pages back to your Introduction page. Work should be evenly divided between all group members. It should be indicated what was contributed by each group member on each page. You can do this by placing your name in parentheses following your contribution. You will receive a grade that reflects your dissection manual, your contribution to the dissection manual, and your participation throughout the dissection. Part 1: Introduction A. Introduce your group (include a picture). B. Classification of the rat give the kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. C. Basic directional terminology define each of the terms and label the terms on pictures/diagrams. 1. anterior 2. posterior 3. dorsal 4. ventral 5. lateral 6. cranial 7. caudal

2 8. medial 9. proximal (does not have to be labeled) 10. distal (does not have to be labeled) 11. superficial (does not have to be labeled) 12. deep (does not have to be labeled) D. Regions of the body label the regions of the body on a picture or photograph of a rat. 1. cranial region 2. cervical region 3. thoracic region 4. abdomen 5. pelvic region 6. tail E. Why are we dissecting a rat? What can we learn about our own anatomy? What do you hope to learn from dissecting your rat? Part 2: External Structures A. Identify the sex of your rat. B. Label the following structures on your rat (remember your pictures). 1. rostrum 2. external nares 3. mouth 4. vibrissae 5. pinna 6. external auditory meatus 7. nipples 8. manus 9. pes C. If your rat is a male identify the structures below on your rat and give their function. 1. scrotal sacs 2. urogenital orifice D. If your rat is a female identify the structures below on your rat and give their function. 1. urinary aperture 2. vaginal orifice/vulva Part 3: Muscular System A. Skinning the rat. Before you can identify the muscles of the rat, you have to skin the rat. Describe how you skinned your rat. Where did you start? What tools did you use? What worked? What did not work? Any other impressions. This section should be a descriptive paragraph of your experiences. B. Identify 10 of the muscles listed below on your rat. Give the location (origin and insertion) and function of each of the 10 muscles you identify. Choose from: 1. biceps brachii 2. clavotrapezius 3. external abdominal oblique 4. gastrocnemium

3 5. gluteus superficialis 6. latissimus dorsi 7. masseter 8. pectoralis superficialis 9. rectus abdominus 10. rectus femoris 11. soleus 12. spinotrapezius 13. tibialis anterior 14. triceps brachii Part 4: Circulatory System 1. Aorta 2. Aortic arch 3. Caudal vena cava 4. Common carotid artery 5. Coronary blood vessels 6. Femoral artery and vein 7. Gastric artery 8. Hepatic artery and vein 9. Interior vena cava 10. Jugular vein 11. Left atrium 12. Left ventricle 13. Mesenteric arteries and veins 14. Pericardium 15. Pulmonary arteries and veins 16. Renal arteries and veins 17. Right atrium 18. Right ventricle 19. Subclavian artery 20. Superior vena cava B. Include pictures of the sheep heart dissection anterior external view and a picture of the dissected heart. Label the following structures on the sheep heart: base atria ventricle a valve C. Trace (this means to list the structures the blood travels through) the general path from the femoral vein until the blood travels into the aorta. D. Compare the thickness of the right and left ventricles. Why are they different? E. Why does the heart have valves? F. Describe the appearance of the valves. G. Describe how the blood travels into the heart from the body, through the heart to the lungs, back to the heart and out to the body.

4 Part 5: Respiratory System 1. Bronchi 2. Cartilage rings 3. Diaphragm 4. Epiglottis 5. Glottis 6. Larynx 7. Lungs 8. Pharynx 9. Trachea B. Describe what happens during inhalation. C. Compare the number of lobes in each half of the lung. Part 6: Digestive System 1. Cardiac sphincter 2. Cecum 3. Colon 4. Duodenum 5. Esophagus 6. Ileum 7. Jejunum 8. Large intestine 9. Liver 10. Mesentery 11. Pancreas 12. Pharynx 13. Pyloric sphincter 14. Pylorus 15. Rectum 16. Salivary glands 17. Small intestine 18. Stomach B. Trace the movement of food through the digestive system from the mouth to the large intestine. Do not list structures. Provide your answer in paragraph form. Part 7: Excretory System 1. Kidneys 2. Renal artery and vein 3. Ureter 4. Urinary bladder

5 B. Once you have observed the excretory system in your rat, compare it to the system in a rat of the opposite sex. What are the similarities and differences? Part 8: Central Nervous System A. Identify the structures listed below on your sheep s brain and give their function. 1. Thalamus 2. Hypothalamus 3. Cerebellum 4. Corpus callosum 5. Olfactory Bulb 6. Optic Nerve 7. Midbrain 8. Pons 9. Medulla 10. Spinal cord 11. Pineal body B. Name and describe the four lobes of the brain. What are the primary functions of each section? C. Describe the differences between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. What are the primary functions of both? Part 9: Reflection A. As a group, construct a paragraph that reflects on your experience. Include what you learned during this activity, why we spend time learning anatomy of the rat, and how dissection activities are important for learning about our own bodies and how they work. What was your favorite part of the unit? What was your least favorite part? Also include any additional comments or impressions that you may have.

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