The cardiovascular and respiratory system
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1 The cardiovascular and respiratory system For this unit you need to be able to... Learning Outcomes: Covered? Confident? Understand and be able to give sporting examples of when each respiratory system might be used (7-8) Understand the structure of the respiratory system, the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration and the mechanics of breathing (5-6) Define the terms heart rate, cardiac output and stroke volume and describe the differences between veins, arteries and capillaries (3-4) Identify and label the components of the heart (1-2) To be handed in to your PE teacher first lesson back. Name: MAG: Progress Line 1
2 The Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system involves the heart, the blood vessels and the blood. First thoughts: What does the heart do? Why is this important to sports people? The heart operates a double circulatory system in which blood flows through the heart twice. Pulmonary Circulation: Systemic Circulation: Blood Vessels When the blood leaves the heart it is transported around the body in three main types of blood vessels. Blood Vessel: Arteries Function: Characteristics: Veins Capillaries 2
3 Task: Next to the following statements write whether you think arteries, veins or capillaries are being described. Do this without looking at your notes. Statement: Arteries, veins or capillaries: Their role is to carry oxygenated blood at high pressure away from the heart through the aorta Their role is to link arteries to the veins and allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass through their walls Their role is to carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart They have thin walls They carry blood under high pressure They have valves They contain blood under pressure The do not have valves They are only one cell thick They have thick, muscular, elastic walls 3
4 Blood Flow During Exercise 4
5 The Structure of the Heart 5
6 The Cardiac Cycle and the Pathway of the Blood The filling of the heart follows a particular sequence. This process starts in the right side of the heart. There are two stages to each heart beat Task: Complete the correct pathway of the blood below. 6
7 The Role of Red Blood Cells Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles and removes carbon dioxide from the muscles to the lungs. They contain haemoglobin which bonds with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin. These cells carry oxygen to the working muscles. Without these cells performers would fatigue and stop. Task: How do the red blood cells help a sports performer? Choose one of the sporting examples below and explain. Cardiovascular Terms You need to know the following terms. Heart Rate: Stroke Volume: Cardiac Output: 7
8 Interpreting Heart Rate Data and Graphs Task: View the data in the tables from when Jamie is at rest and exercising. In the box below describe what the tables tell you. Discuss why these changes have taken place. Heart Rate (bpm) Stroke Volume (ml) Breathing Rate (per Muscle Temperature min) Normal Heart Rate (bpm) Stroke Volume (ml) Breathing Rate (per Muscle Temperature min) Hot 8
9 Interpreting Heart Rate Data and Graphs Task: Plot the data shown in the table in your workbook to show how Jamie s heart rate has changed over time. Label the axes and join up the points to make a line graph. In the box below describe what the graph tells you. Time (Minutes) Heart rate (bpm)
10 Cardiovascular mini quiz 1. State 3 differences between veins and arteries: 2. What structure divides the heart into two halves? 3. Where are the tricuspid valves found? 4. What is the function of valves? 5. Name the 4 chambers of the heart. 6. Name the 4 major blood vessels. 7. Define stroke volume. 8. What is the equation for cardiac output? 9. Does cardiac output increase or decrease during exercise? Why? 10. What is the role of red blood cells? 10
11 The Respiratory System The respiratory system involves the lungs and works closely with the cardiovascular system. First thoughts: What is the key function of the respiratory system? Why is this important to sports people? The Pathway of Air Oxygen travels along a pathway from the nose and mouth to the alveoli. Task: Label the respiratory system below. 11
12 Gaseous Exchange Gaseous exchange takes place at the alveoli. These are tiny air sacs in the lungs. When you breathe in they fill with air. This is where oxygen is transferred into the blood stream and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood. To help this process the body has the following features:
13 The Mechanics of Breathing The process of breathing is aided by two muscles. H H These muscles enable the lungs to expand more during inspiration. Breathing is the first stage in supplying oxygen to our body cells. Task: Sort the statements into order by putting the numbers 1-4 in the boxes next to them. Inspiration Statement The pressure inside our lungs falls as they expand. The higher pressure of air outside means air is now sucked into the lungs through the nose and mouth. The diaphragm contracts. It pulls down and flattens out the floor of the rib cage. The intercostal muscles contract, lifting the ribs upwards and outwards causing the chest to expand. Your Ranking Correct Ranking The lungs increase in size as the chest expands. Statement Expiration The diaphragm relaxes. It is pushed back into a domed position by the organs underneath it. The pressure inside the lungs increases as they get smaller. The air pressure outside is now lower than in our lungs. Air is forced out of the lungs through the nose and mouth. The intercostal muscles relax. The ribs move downwards and inwards under their own weight. The chest gets smaller. Your Ranking Correct Ranking The lungs decrease in size as the chest gets smaller. They are squeezed by the ribs and diaphragm. 13
14 Respiratory Terms You need to know the following terms. Tidal Volume: Breathing Rate: Minute Ventilation: Breathing Volumes and Exercise Task: View the data in the table from when Hannah is at rest and then exercising. What changes have taken place and why? Tidal volume at rest (ml) Tidal volume during exercise (ml)
15 Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration There are two types of respiration. Aerobic Respiration: S S S Sporting examples: Anaerobic Respiration: S S S Sporting examples: 15
16 Identifying Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Task: Watch the videos on the powerpoint and consider the sports below. Write whether you think the activity is anaerobic or aerobic and explain your answer. Football Aerobic or Anaerobic: Explain: Aerobic or Anaerobic: Explain: 100m Sprint High Jump Aerobic or Anaerobic: Explain: Aerobic or Anaerobic: Explain: Netball 16
17 Respiratory system mini quiz 1. What is the name of the muscle located below the lungs that aids inspiration and expiration? 2. What is the next stage in the pathway of air after the air and mouth? 3. What is the name of the process where carbon dioxide and oxygen are transferred? 4. Which type of blood vessel covers the alveoli to allow this to take place? 5. Define tidal volume. 6. What happens to breathing rate during exercise and why? 7. What is the equation for minute ventilation? 8. Give a sporting example of aerobic respiration. 9. Give a sporting example of anaerobic respiration. 10. Would a weightlifter be exercising aerobically or anaerobically? 17
18 The Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems H H Task: Apply the above information to a sportsperson of your choice. Think above specific examples from that sport. 18
19 6 Mark Question Using practical examples, explain what is meant by aerobic and anaerobic exercise. (6) 19
20 Feedback: 20
21 6 Mark Question Describe the pathway of blood through the double circulatory system. (6) 21
22 22
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