Coronary Arterial Anatomy in Double-Outlet Right Ventricle With Subpulmonary VSD
|
|
- Cynthia Alexander
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Coronary Arterial Anatomy in Double-Outlet Right Ventricle With Subpulmonary VSD Hideki Uemura, MD, Toshikatsu Yagihara, MD, Yasunaru Kawashima, MD, Kyoichi Nishigaki, MD, Tetsuro Kamiya, MD, Siew Yen Ho, PhD, and Robert H. Anderson, MD National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom, and National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan We have examined 38 hearts with a double-outlet right ventricle with a subpulmonary ventricular septal defect. We divided the hearts into three groups according to the angle between the planes formed between the outlet septum and the remainder of the muscular ventricular septum; namely, at approximately right angles (15 hearts), parallel (11 hearts), and at an acute angle (12 hearts). The coronary arterial pattern corresponding to that seen in the normal heart was present in 11 hearts (73%) of the "right angle" group, in only one heart (8%) of the "acute angle" group, and in none of the "parallel'" group. In contrast, the most common pattern in the setting of complete transposition was observed in none, 8%, and 91% of each group, respectively. Other diverse patterns were recognized in the hearts in the acute angle group, and the incidence of abnormal branching was significantly higher in this than in the other groups (p < 0.01). Knowledge of these anatomic variations in the course of the coronary arteries, some of which would cause problems at either definitive repair or reoperation, are essential for those seeking to achieve optimal surgical repair. (Ann Thorac Surg 1995;59:591-7) here have been numerous techniques described for T anatomic biventricular repair of a double-outlet right ventricle with a subpulmonary ventricular septal defect [1-9], but the optimal one remains undecided. In part this is because this combination of abnormalities includes hearts with various three-dimensional relationships between the pulmonary, tricuspid, and aortic valves, and the ventricular septal defect [3, 4, 10, 11]. Although all examples can be corrected by the arterial switch procedure [5], we prefer to use intraventricular rerouting for those hearts with a side-by-side relationship of the great arteries and, if possible, also for those with an oblique arrangement of the arterial trunks [12]. Our surgical experiences have emphasized, nonetheless, that the origin and courses of the coronary arteries are as crucial as the intracardiac morphologic characteristics when it comes to choosing the most appropriate surgical procedure. In this respect, relatively few hearts have been investigated for the purpose of demonstrating these features in the setting of a double-outlet right ventricle with a subpulmonary ventricular septal defect [4, 5, 10, 11, 13]. In this study, therefore, we analyzed the surgical anatomic features of the coronary arteries in a large series of hearts with this particular anatomic arrangement. Accepted for publication Oct 28, Address reprint requests to Dr Uemura, Department of Paediatrics, National Heart & Lung Institute, Dovehouse St, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom. Material and Methods Morphologic Study We examined 38 hearts with a double-outlet right ventricle with a subpulmonary ventricular septal defect: 20 by means of preoperative angiography and inspection during surgical repair, and the other 18 through postmortem study. All hearts exhibited the following morphologic features: the usual atrial arrangement, concordant atrioventricular connections, and righthand ventricular topology. Hearts with a severely hypoplastic left or right ventricle were not included. Straddling of the tension apparatus of the mitral valve was seen in two hearts. A coexisting coarctation or interruption of the aortic arch was seen in 15, moderate or severe subaortic stenosis in 19, and moderate subpulmonary stenosis in three. The diagnosis of a double-outlet right ventricle was made on the basis of the ventriculoarterial connection, using the "'50% rule" if the orifice of the pulmonary valve overrode the crest of the ventricular septum [14, 15]. The morphology of ventricular outlets was assessed by determining the angle formed between the plane of the outlet septum versus that of the muscular ventricular septum. This permitted three groups of hearts to be recognized according to the angle between the septums: the group in which an approximately right angle was formed (more than 70 degrees), that in which the planes were parallel (less than 20 degrees), and that in which an acute angle was formed by the planes (between 20 and 70 degrees) (Figs 1, 2). The variations in the aortic origin and epicardial course of the coronary arteries were then compared among the three groups, and also assessed within each group by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons /95]$ (94)01006-X
2 592 UEMURA ET AL Ann Thorac Surg CORONARY ARTERY IN DORV WITH SUBPULMONARY VSD 1995;59:591-7 ~orientation of the utlet septum val~alve pulmonary right coronary artery (RCA) V ~ M A valve J trlcuapid~ ' " ~ / P. valve right-angle r~.. ~~ group _~.d{~ ~i-",vav. ~ I \~ ~:~/f T valve ~ ~ ~ valve parallel group acute-angle group Fig 1. The three patterns of the outlet septum that occur in the double-outlet right ventricle with a subpulmonary ventricular septal defect (VSD). (A valve = aortic valve; P valve = pulmonary valve.) Nomenclature The major coronary arteries were described as anterior interventricular, left circumflex, and right (Fig 3) [16]. In all leftctrcumf~x~\ ~v';~// ~interventricula, artery (LCX) ~ -- J septum in the normal heart anterior ~ } left ~ImmP right posterior the commonest pattern in complete transposition with intact ventricular septum Fig 3. Orifices and courses of the coronary arteries as viewed from above. instances, the arteries arose from one or the other, or both, of the two sinuses adjacent to ("facing") the pulmonary trunk. These sinuses have been termed sinus 1 and sinus 2 [17]. Because some have problems remembering which sinus these numbers refer to, it has also been suggested that the sinuses can be distinguished A B C Fig 2. Three patterns of outlet septal orientation in heart specimens. (A) Right angle. (B) Parallel. (C) Acute angle. (Ao = aorta; PT = pulmonary trunk; arrows = orientation of the outlet septum.)
3 Ann Thorac Surg UEMURA ET AL ;59:591-7 CORONARY ARTERY IN DORV WITH SUBPULMONARY VSD I ~~~~ ~j.~i~ ) #~ Left hand ~'~,~ / ~ ~/s~n;l~i s / Le '\l co ro n a r Y ////Right coronary J I ~ artery / Right~; #2 \, ~.."~"]i ]i ~. coronary ~lartery " j/~_~~ I Le:lhuanO /~--~/~ -Left coronary ~ - ~ ~rtery I A Ca ~ter ny~ i Left coronary artery 4, B ~! -...~.~.~'~eft coronary ~./// I'1 Ig:i~nTn a ~ artery D /\NRig.t coronary ~-~ artery Fig 4. Nomenclature for the aortic facing sinuses. In this study, we used the alternatively proposed description of the facing sinus, which involved the observer looking toward the aorta from the nonfacing sinus of the pulmonary trunk. according to the stance of the observer in the nonfacing aortic sinus looking toward the pulmonary trunk. One sinus is then to the observer's right (sinus 1) and the other is to the left (sinus 2) (Fig 4A). This convention has also produced confusion, however, because in the commonest patterns of the coronary arteries, it is the righthanded sinus that gives rise to the left coronary artery in complete transposition, which, when the arterial trunks are frontally oriented or oblique, is additionally left-sided (Fig 4B). A better way of coping with this problem, suggested initially by Drs Roger Mee and Richard Jonas at the World Forum Symposium held in Hong Kong in November 1992, and proposed independently by Dr Joseph Amato at the Rome symposium of 1991 [18], is to consider the aortic sinuses from the stance of the observer positioned in the nonfacing sinus of the pulmonary trunk. After an arterial switch procedure, of course, the trunk will become the new aorta. Sinus 1 is then the lefthand facing sinus; it is usually left-sided (except with side-by-side trunks, when it is anterior); and, in most patients, it gives rise to the left coronary artery. Sinus 2 is similarly to the right; it is right-sided; and, in most instances, it gives rise to the right coronary artery (Fig 4C). As will be seen, however, there is marked variability in coronary arterial origin from these facing sinuses in the hearts presently described. In this study, we applied the newly proposed description of the facing sinuses as seen from the pulmonary nonfacing sinus looking toward the aorta [18], in case an arterial switch procedure might be one of the surgical choices (Fig 4C, 4D). Results Right-Angle Group All 15 hearts in the group in which the angle formed by the outlet septum and the remainder of the muscular ventricular septum was a right angle exhibited a side-byside relationship of the great arteries, with the aorta positioned rightward relative to the pulmonary trunk. The origins from the facing sinuses and the patterns of courses of the coronary arteries are shown in Figure 5. The most common pattern, seen in 11 hearts (73%), is comparable to that found in the normally structured heart (see Fig 3). In the other four hearts, all three major branches arose from one main stem (single coronary artery). When the orifice of the solitary artery was located within the righthand sinus (sinus 2), an additional artery arose from the other facing sinus (sinus 1) that supplied the musculature of the right ventricular outflow tract as infundibular (conal) branches [16]. In its proximal course,
4 594 UEMURA ET AL Ann Thorac Surg CORONARY ARTERY IN DORV WITH SUBPULMONARY VSD 1995;59:591-7 right-angle group infundibular outlet branch,, (8).... /.septum / left- hand [#11 Lcx interventricular septum 3.ea.s] r l.ea. 11 heartsl ( ) : number of hearts with infundibular branch Fig 5. Orifices and courses of the coronary arteries in the 15 hearts with a right angle between the septal structures. (AIV = anterior interventricular artery; LCX = left circumflex artery; RCA = right coronary artery.) the right coronary artery crossed the surface of the subaortic ventricular mass anteriorly in 12 of the 15 hearts (80%). The main stem leading to the anterior interventricular and the left circumflex arteries traveled posterior to the pulmonary trunk in all but one heart (93%). Blood flow to each branch in the exceptional heart traversed anterior to either the aortic or the pulmonary roots before reaching the area of perfusion. Parallel Group All 11 hearts in the parallel group had the aorta positioned anterior and slightly rightward to the pulmonary trunk. The commonest pattern, seen in 10 hearts (91%), is comparable to that found in complete transposition (compare Figures 3 and 6) [19, 20]. In the remaining heart, a solitary artery arising from the righthand sinus (sinus 2) gave rise to the anterior interventricular, the left circumflex, and the right coronary arteries; a small infundibular artery was the only branch from the lefthand sinus (sinus 1). These infundibular arteries were major branches and took an anteroaortic course in all hearts. In contrast, the main stem of the anterior interventricular and the left circumflex arteries crossed the anterior and leftward portion of the subpulmonary outflow tract in all hearts but one (91%). Acute-Angle Group The relationship of the great arteries in the acute angle group was side-by-side in two hearts, anteroposterior in three, and oblique in the remaining seven. Various patterns of coronary arterial origin were also recognized, including one heart in which the anterior interventricular artery took an intramural course and four that had dual arterial orifices within one sinus (Fig 7). The incidence of branching patterns other than the one in which a main stem giving rise to both the anterior interventricular artery and the left circumflex artery arose from one sinus and the right coronary artery took origin independently from the other facing sinus was significantly greater in this than in the other groups (p < 0.01 by the chi-square test). An additional and independent orifice supplying a small infundibular artery was seen in three of four hearts in the setting of the so-called single coronary artery. The fight coronary artery traveled anterior to the aortic root in three of 12 hearts (25%); this pattern would likely restrict surgical incisions in the subaortic region. A retroaortic course of the right coronary artery was found in the remaining nine hearts. The main stem of the anterior interventricular and the left circumflex arteries crossed the anterior wall of the subpulmonary outflow tract in two hearts, and the anterior interventricular artery took this course independently in five hearts. The anteropulmonary course of the major branches was therefore observed in 58% of the hearts in this group. Comment The morphology of the outflow tracts found in hearts with a double-outlet fight ventricle with a subpulmonary parallel group left-hand (#11,%.(3) I I ~ ~ _ right-hand (3) ~ [#21 infundibular branch AIV LCX CA 10 hearts (1) "~ heart! Fig 6. Orifices and courses of the coronary arteries in the 11 hearts with a parallel arrangement of the septal structures. (AW = anterior interventricular artery; LCX = left circumflex artery; RCA = right coronary artery.)
5 Ann Thorac Surg UEMURA ET AL ;59:591-7 CORONARY ARTERY IN DORV WITH SUBPULMONARY VSD infundlbular / left.hand [#1] AIV~ acute-angle group I LI heart ~~ 1 heart ~eart ~earts ~1 heart ~1 h-~a~ Fig 7. Orifices and courses of the coronary arteries in the 12 hearts with an acute angle between the septal structures. (AIV = anterior interventricular artery; LCX = left circumflex artery; RCA = right coronary artery.) ventricular septal defect (the Taussig-Bing malformation) is markedly heterogeneous. It is precisely these features that determine what the optimal definitive surgical repair should be [3, 4,10,11]. Two particular features are crucial: the relationships of the arterial valves to each other and the orientation of the outlet septum [21]. The clinical importance of these features is then all the greater because they are reported to possibly influence the anatomic arrangement of the coronary arteries [22, 23]. The coronary arterial anatomic characteristics are therefore as crucial as the intracardiac morphologic features when surgeons are seeking the optimal surgical approach, as some of the unusual patterns of the coronary arteries are likely to rule out usually feasible surgical options. When we consider the morphologic features of the ventricular outflow tracts as factors influencing the coronary arterial origins and courses, a suitable method of description and analysis is obviously crucial. In normally structured hearts, the outlet septum is virtually indistinguishable from the rest of the muscular septum, with the aorta originating exclusively from the left ventricle and the pulmonary trunk arising from a sleeve of freestanding infundibular musculature in the right ventricle. Because of this, the aortic valve is positioned posterior and to the right of the pulmonary valve. In keeping with this aortic position, each major coronary arterial branch runs a course that is relatively short and straight (see Fig 3). In the setting of complete transposition with an intact ventricular septum, although the aortic trunk is often situated anterior and slightly to the right of the pulmonary root, concomitant with the discordant ventriculoarterial connections, the outlet septum is again indistinguishable from the rest of the muscular septum and the course of the major coronary arteries is still short in most hearts. The right coronary arteries arise from the righthand sinus (sinus 2), as perceived from the pulmonary trunk, and the anterior interventricular and left circumflex arteries arise from the lefthand sinus (sinus 1) (see Fig 3). In other malformed hearts with abnormal ventriculoarterial connections and less typical arterial relationships, the origins from one or both of the facing sinuses of the aorta are less likely to cause the coronary arteries to take such short and straight courses to the atrioventricular and interventricular grooves. In contrast, long and winding courses are much more common (see Figure 7, for example). In other words, the origin and proximal course of the coronary arteries are likely influenced by how close the facing sinuses of the aorta are to either the atrioventricular or the interventricular groove. Each heart, however, has its own structural features and size, so that, even if a discrete value could be calculated for this distance, and even if it could be acceptably measured, it would be difficult to standardize this informa- tion and to compare hearts. To overcome this problem, and to describe the essential relationship between the facing sinuses and the grooves, we chose to emphasize the angle between the plane of the outlet septum and the remainder of the muscular ventricular septum, in addition to noting the relationship of the arterial trunks themselves, as is traditionally done when distinguishing subsets of hearts with abnormal ventriculoarterial connections [10, 11, 15]. The orientation of the outlet septum was almost always concordant with the plane dividing the arterial valvar orifices. The reason why the arrangement of the arterial trunks does not necessarily represent the three groups employed in this study is due to the fact that the muscular ventricular septum can occasionally assume unusual orientations, producing variations in the location of the interventricular grooves. Such hearts might be described as being rotated in a clockwise or counterclockwise fashion. The definition and clinical application of the angle between the septums warrants discussion. The muscular ventricular septum itself rarely occupies a single fiat plane; it is almost always curved to some extent. For this reason, we defined the plane of the muscular ventricular septum as it formed the floor of the subpulmonary ventricular septal defect. This means that the angle of the outlet septum relative to this part of the muscular septum represents not only the proximity of the facing sinuses to the coronary arterial courses, but also the quantitative malalignment of the outlet septum within the spectrum of double-outlet right ventricle with a subpulmonary ventricular septal defect [11]. This is also of potential clinical significance, as this angle was readily measured morphologically and can be calculated, we predict, by
6 596 UEMURA ET AL Ann Thorac Surg CORONARY ARTERY IN DORV WITH SUBPULMONARY VSD 1995;59:591-7 echocardiography [24]. Echocardiography is almost certainly now the most useful technique for precisely evaluating the intracardiac anatomic features. This diagnostic method should therefore be able to provide crucial preoperative information about the three-dimensional aspects of the arterial valves, and furnish the means for measuring distances and angles for the purpose of describing spatial relationships. Although we cannot yet be sure whether our chosen angle will have echocardiographic utility in distinguishing among three groups of hearts, we are sure that the angle, when defined, will be helpful for surgeons in choosing the most appropriate surgical procedures and, at the same time, in highlighting the potential diversity of coronary arterial origins and courses. Of course, the morphology of the ventricles themselves, in terms of the "balanced" or "unbalanced" nature of their respective size, may also influence the coronary arterial anatomic characteristics. In this respect, no hearts with a small ventricle were included in this study. In the fight-angle group of hearts, the posterior portion of the outlet septum usually meets the posterior limb of the septomarginal trabeculation, together with the ventriculoinfundibular fold. Because of this, the distance between the pulmonary and tricuspid valvar rings is sufficiently large to accommodate construction of an intraventricular pathway from the left ventricle to the aortic orifice [3, 12]. The procedure often requires incision of the fight ventricular outflow tract to prevent an obstruction from forming between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk postoperatively [12]. The fact that a major coronary artery taking a course across the subpulmonary right ventricular outflow tract was found in only one heart (7%) clearly supports use of the intraventricular approach in these patients (see Fig 5). In 12 of these patients whose right coronary artery arose from sinus 1 (the lefthand sinus as perceived from the pulmonary trunk), however, the artery crossed over that part of the parietal infundibulum supporting the aortic root. This finding could become crucial if it proved necessary to attempt a right ventriculotomy to release "neopulmonary" stenosis should an arterial switch operation be the option chosen for such a patient (Fig 8). Because epicardial courses of the coronary arteries occasionally cause greater difficulty, due to adhesions, at the time of such a reoperation, rather than at the initial repair, it is important to remember the potential anterior course of the right coronary artery. Indeed, a potentially hazardous course of any of the major coronary arteries should be carefully excluded before any operation is undertaken, so as to ensure that the best individual surgical treatment is rendered. In the hearts with a parallel arrangement of the outlet septum to the muscular ventricular septum, the outlet septum met neither the anterior nor the posterior limb of the septomarginal trabeculation. The three-dimensional features of the ventricular outlets indicate that construction of a pathway from the left ventricle to the pulmonary valvar orifice, with simultaneous performance of the arterial switch procedure, is almost certainly the optimal definitive repair for this group of patients [3, 4, 12]. The RCA the commonest patterns of the coronary arteries in right-angle group & parallel group after arterial switch procedure Fig 8. The coronary arterial courses after translocation of their oririces. (AIV = anterior interventricular artery; LCX = left circumflex artery; RCA = right coronary artery.) observed similarity of the coronary arterial patterns to those found in the setting of complete transposition further endorses this conclusion. In the acute-angle group of hearts, the outer septum is likely to insert directly onto the ventriculoinfundibular fold. The connection between the posterior limb of the septomarginal trabeculation and the outlet septum is either absent or excessively small. In other words, some hearts showed only a slender muscular bridge, and others had no musculature but a fibrous continuity between the pulmonary and the tricuspid valves. The distance between these valvar rings is, in consequence, often too small to accommodate a satisfactory intraventricular pathway from the left ventricle to the aortic orifice (see Fig 1) [3, 12]. Furthermore, part of the tension apparatus of the tricuspid valve is frequently attached to the area where the posterior limb of the septomarginal trabeculation meets the outlet septum, making construction of a tunnel even more difficult. This situation is then complicated still further in that the anteropulmonary course of the major coronary arteries in seven of the 12 hearts (58%) we studied would have been a source of difficulty had the surgeon attempted a right ventriculotomy (see Fig 7). Furthermore, if the arterial switch operation is chosen instead of intraventricular rerouting in these circumstances, the diversity of the coronary arterial anatomic characteristics could again create still more problems. Thus, in our small group of hearts, we encountered an intramural course, dual origins from one sinus, and an additional and independent orifice for an infundibular branch with all three major arteries arising from a single stem within the other facing sinus. However, such coronary arterial anatomic abnormalities, except probably for the intramural courses, are no longer considered a contraindication to the arterial switch proce-
7 Ann Thorac Surg UEMURA ET AL ;59:591-7 CORONARY ARTERY IN DORV WITH SUBPULMONARY VSD dure. The dual orifices within one sinus, nonetheless, might require individual treatment, such as the so-called trap door method, for translocating the coronary arterial button [25]. If one or both orifices are close to the hinge point of the aortic leaflets, which is a frequent finding, this can certainly produce stretching or kinking of the proximal coronary arterial course after translocation. It also needs to be determined whether the additional and independent orifice for the minor infundibular artery should be translocated, and whether the patency of such a small branch, if translocated, would be satisfactory. Should the anatomic arrangement be such as to preclude both arterial switching and intraventricular rerouting, another procedure must be selected. Intraventricular rerouting along with translocation of the pulmonary trunk (the so-called REV procedure), described by Lecompte and colleagues [8], is then an attractive option, because an unobstructed internal pathway from the left ventricle to the aortic orifice could be successfully constructed by resecting the outlet septum and by attaching an intraventricular baffle without using either external conduits or intracardiac grafts. A Rastelli-type operation or the construction of an aortopulmonary anastomosis [2, 3, 7] are also options, but these would then require construction of an external conduit. We conclude from our findings, therefore, that the nature of the coronary arterial anatomic arrangement and its variety is one of the crucial factors that must be taken into consideration when choosing the optimal surgical option for the repair of a double-outlet right ventricle with a subpulmonary ventricular septal defect. Knowledge of the morphologic characteristics of the ventricular outflow tract in a particular patient is important not only for effectively constructing the blood pathway, but also for alerting the surgeon to the likely variety in coronary arterial course. Doctor Uemura is a Visiting Fellow at the National Heart and Lung Institute from the National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan. Doctors Uemura, Ho, and Anderson's work is supported by the British Heart Foundation. References 1. Kawashima Y, Fujita T, Miyamoto T, Manabe H. Intraventricular rerouting of blood for the correction of Taussig-Bing malformation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1971;62: Binet JP, Lacour-Gayet F, Conso JF, Dupuis C, Bruniaux J. Complete repair of the Taussig-Bing type of double-outlet right ventricle using the arterial switch operation without coronary translocation: report of one successful case. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983;85: Sakata R, Lecompte Y, Batisse A, Borromee L, Durandy Y. Anatomic repair of anomalies of ventriculoarterial connection associated with ventricular septal defect: I. Criteria of surgical decision. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1988;95: Yacoub MH, Radley-Smith R. Anatomic correction of the Taussig-Bing anomaly. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1984;88: Kanter K, Anderson RH, Lincoln C, Firmin R, Rigby M. Anatomic correction of double-outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary ventricular septal defect (the "Taussig-Bing" anomaly). Ann Thorac Surg 1986;41: Abe T, Sugiki K, Izumiyama O, Komatsu S. A successful procedure for correction of the Taussig-Bing malformation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1984;87: Kawashima Y, Matsuda H, Taniguchi K, Kobayashi J. Additional aortopulmonary anastomosis for subaortic obstruction in the Rastelli-type repair for the Taussig-Bing malformation. Ann Thorac Surg 1987;44: Lecompte Y, Neveux JY, Leca F, et al. Reconstruction of the pulmonary outflow tract without prosthetic conduit. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1982;84: Patrick DL, McGoon DC. An operation for double-outlet right ventricle with transposition of the great arteries. J Cardiovasc Surg 1968;9: Wilcox BR, Ho SY, Macartney FJ, Becker AE, Gerlis LM, Anderson RH. Surgical anatomy of double-outlet right ventricle with situs solitus and atrioventricular concordance. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1981;82: Stellin G, Zuberbuhler JR, Anderson RH, Siewers RD. The surgical anatomy of the Taussig-Bing malformation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1987;93: Kawashima Y, Matsuda H, Yagihara T, et al. Intraventricular repair for Taussig-Bing anomaly. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993;105: Aoki M, Forbess JM, Jonas RA, Mayer JE Jr, Castaneda AR. Result of biventricular repair for double-outlet right ventricle. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994;107: Anderson RH, Becker AE, Macartney FJ, Quero-Jimenez M, Shinebourne EA, Tynan M. Nomenclature of congenital heart disease: controversial topics in In: Becker AE, Losekoot G, Marcelletti C, Anderson RH, eds. Paediatric cardiology, vol 3. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1981: Lev M, Bharati S, Meng L, Liberthson RR, Paul MH, Idriss F. A concept of double-outlet right ventricle. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1972;64: Wilcox BR, Anderson RH. Surgical anatomy of the coronary circulation. In: Wilcox BR, Anderson RG, eds. Surgical anatomy of the heart, 2nd ed. London: Gower, 1992: Gittenberger-de Groot AC, Sauer U, Oppenheimer-Dekker A, Quaegebeur J. Coronary arterial anatomy in transposition of the great arteries: a morphologic study. Pediatr Cardiol 1983;4:I Amato JJ, Galdieri RJ. The arterial switch: surgical technique in respect to coronary artery patterns. In: D'Alessandro LC, ed. Heart surgery Roma: Casa, 1991: Shaher RM, Puddu GC. Coronary arterial anatomy in complete transposition of the great vessels. Am J Cardiol 1966; 17: Smith A, Arnold R, Wilkinson JL, Hamilton DI, McKay R, Anderson RH. An anatomical study of the pattern of the coronary arteries and sinus nodal artery in complete transposition. Int J Cardiol 1986;12: de la Cruz MV, Cayre R, Arista-Salado Martinez S, Sadowinski S, Serrano A. The infundibular interrelationships and the ventriculoarterial connection in double outlet right ventricle: clinical and surgical implications. Int J Cardiol 1992; 35: Kurosawa H, Imai Y, Takanashi Y, et al. Infundibular septum and coronary anatomy in Jatene operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1986;91: Sim EKW, van Son JAM, Edwards WD, Julsrud PR, Puga FJ. Coronary artery anatomy in complete transposition of the great arteries. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;57: Arista-Salado Martinez S, Casado JA, de la Cruz MV, Diaz F, Cubero O. Double outlet right ventricle: an echocardiographic study. Cardiol Young 1993;3: Kirldin JW, Barratt-Boyes BG. Complete transposition of the great arteries: technique of operation: arterial switch operation. In: Kirklin JW, Barratt-Boyes BG, eds. Cardiac surgery, 2 ed, vol 2. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1993:
Commissural Malalignment of Aortic-Pulmonary Sinus in Complete Transposition of Great Arteries
Commissural Malalignment of Aortic-Pulmonary Sinus in Complete Transposition of Great Arteries Soo-Jin Kim, MD, Woong-Han Kim, MD, Cheong Lim, MD, Sam Se Oh, MD, and Yang-Min Kim, MD Departments of Pediatric
More informationSurgical Treatment for Double Outlet Right Ventricle. Masakazu Nakao Consultant, Paediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery
for Double Outlet Right Ventricle Masakazu Nakao Consultant, Paediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery 1 History Intraventricular tunnel (Kawashima) First repair of Taussig-Bing anomaly (Kirklin) Taussig-Bing
More informationDouble Outlet Right Ventricle with Anterior and Left-Sided Aorta and Subpulmonary Ventricular Septal Defect
Case Report Double Outlet Right Ventricle with Anterior and Left-Sided rta and Subpulmonary Ventricular Septal Defect Luciana Braz Peixoto, Samira Morhy Borges Leal, Carlos Eduardo Suaide Silva, Sandra
More informationTGA Surgical techniques: tips & tricks (Arterial switch operation)
TGA Surgical techniques: tips & tricks (Arterial switch operation) Seoul National University Children s Hospital Woong-Han Kim Surgical History 1951 Blalock and Hanlon, atrial septectomy 1954 Mustard et
More informationThe Rastelli procedure has been traditionally used for repair
En-bloc Rotation of the Truncus Arteriosus A Technique for Complete Anatomic Repair of Transposition of the Great Arteries/Ventricular Septal Defect/Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction or Double
More informationDouble outlet right ventricle: navigation of surgeon to chose best treatment strategy
Double outlet right ventricle: navigation of surgeon to chose best treatment strategy Jan Marek Great Ormond Street Hospital & Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London Double outlet
More informationSurgical Results of Arterial Switch Operation for Taussig-Bing Anomaly: Is Position of the Great Arteries a Risk Factor?
Surgical Results of Arterial Switch Operation for Taussig-Bing Anomaly: Is Position of the Great Arteries a Risk Factor? Mark D. Rodefeld, MD, Mark Ruzmetov, MD, PhD, Palaniswamy Vijay, PhD, MPH, Andrew
More informationTransposition of the Great Arteries Preoperative Diagnostic Considerations. John Simpson Evelina Children s Hospital London, UK
Transposition of the Great Arteries Preoperative Diagnostic Considerations John Simpson Evelina Children s Hospital London, UK Areas to be covered Definitions Scope of occurrence of transposition of the
More information"Giancarlo Rastelli Lecture"
"Giancarlo Rastelli Lecture" Surgical treatment of Malpositions of the Great Arteries Pascal Vouhé Giancarlo Rastelli (1933 1970) Cliquez pour modifier les styles du texte du masque Deuxième niveau Troisième
More informationIn 1980, Bex and associates 1 first introduced the initial
Technique of Aortic Translocation for the Management of Transposition of the Great Arteries with a Ventricular Septal Defect and Pulmonary Stenosis Victor O. Morell, MD, and Peter D. Wearden, MD, PhD In
More informationLEFT VENTRICULAR OUTFLOW OBSTRUCTION WITH A VSD: OPTIONS FOR SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
LEFT VENTRICULAR OUTFLOW OBSTRUCTION WITH A VSD: OPTIONS FOR SURGICAL MANAGEMENT 10-13 March 2017 Ritz Carlton, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Zohair AlHalees, MD Consultant, Cardiac Surgery Heart Centre LEFT VENTRICULAR
More informationThe arterial switch operation has been the accepted procedure
The Arterial Switch Procedure: Closed Coronary Artery Transfer Edward L. Bove, MD The arterial switch operation has been the accepted procedure for the repair of transposition of the great arteries (TGA)
More informationSurgical Results in Patients With Double Outlet Right Ventricle: A 20-Year Experience
Surgical Results in Patients With Double Outlet Right Ventricle: A 20-Year Experience John W. Brown, MD, Mark Ruzmetov, MD, Yuji Okada, MD, Palaniswamy Vijay, PhD, MPH, and Mark W. Turrentine, MD Section
More informationAnatomy of the coronary arteries in transposition
Thorax, 1978, 33, 418-424 Anatomy of the coronary arteries in transposition of the great arteries and methods for their transfer in anatomical correction MAGDI H YACOUB AND ROSEMARY RADLEY-SMITH From Harefield
More informationAnatomy of Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD)
Surgical challenges in atrio-ventricular septal defect in grown-up congenital heart disease Anatomy of Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD) S. Yen Ho Professor of Cardiac Morphology Royal Brompton and
More information3 Aortopulmonary Window
0 0 0 0 0 Aortopulmonary Window Introduction Communications between the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery constitute a spectrum of malformations which is collectively designated aortopulmonary window,
More informationI of logical pathological and surgical considerations, a
Fibrous Skeleton and Ventricular Outflow Double-Outlet Right Ventricle C. Eric Howell, MD, Siew Yen Ho, PhD, Robert H. Anderson, MD, and Martin J. Elliott, MD Tracts in Department of Paediatrics, National
More informationPerioperative Management of DORV Case
Perioperative Management of DORV Case James P. Spaeth, MD Department of Anesthesia Cincinnati Children s Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati Objectives: 1. Discuss considerations regarding
More informationSince first successfully performed by Jatene et al, the
Long-Term Predictors of Aortic Root Dilation and Aortic Regurgitation After Arterial Switch Operation Marcy L. Schwartz, MD; Kimberlee Gauvreau, ScD; Pedro del Nido, MD; John E. Mayer, MD; Steven D. Colan,
More information14 Valvular Stenosis
14 Valvular Stenosis 14-1. Valvular Stenosis unicuspid valve FIGUE 14-1. This photograph shows severe valvular stenosis as it occurs in a newborn. There is a unicuspid, horseshoe-shaped leaflet with a
More informationCARDIAC ANATOMY. David McGiffin Director of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplantation Alfred Health, Melbourne
CARDIAC ANATOMY David McGiffin Director of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplantation Alfred Health, Melbourne Outline The aorto-ventricular unit The mitral valve Interior of the right ventricle Aorto-ventricular
More informationC congenital cardiac anomaly in which there is a
Coronary Artery Anatomy in Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries Eugene K. W. Sim, FRCS, Jacques A. M. van Son, MD, PhD, William D. Edwards, MD, Paul R. Julsrud, MD, and Francisco J. Puga, MD Divisions
More informationThe Double Switch Using Bidirectional Glenn and Hemi-Mustard. Frank Hanley
The Double Switch Using Bidirectional Glenn and Hemi-Mustard Frank Hanley No relationships to disclose CCTGA Interesting Points for Discussion What to do when. associated defects must be addressed surgically:
More informationThe modified Konno procedure, or subaortic ventriculoplasty,
Modified Konno Procedure for Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction David P. Bichell, MD The modified Konno procedure, or subaortic ventriculoplasty, first described by Cooley and Garrett in1986, 1
More informationwas judged subjectively. The left ventricle was considered to be slightly hypoplastic when the cardiac
British Heart J7ournal, 1976, 38, 1124-1132. Double outlet right ventricle Study of 27 cases A. H. Cameron, F. Acerete, M. Quero, and M. C. Castro From the Department of Patlology, Children's Hospital,
More informationAdult Congenital Heart Disease: What All Echocardiographers Should Know Sharon L. Roble, MD, FACC Echo Hawaii 2016
1 Adult Congenital Heart Disease: What All Echocardiographers Should Know Sharon L. Roble, MD, FACC Echo Hawaii 2016 DISCLOSURES I have no disclosures relevant to today s talk 2 Why should all echocardiographers
More informationAnatomy of left ventricular outflow tract'
Anatomy of left ventricular outflow tract' ROBERT WALMSLEY British Heart Journal, 1979, 41, 263-267 From the Department of Anatomy and Experimental Pathology, The University, St Andrews, Scotland SUMMARY
More informationRelationship between orifices of pulmonary and coronary arteries in common arterial trunk
European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery 35 (2009) 594 599 www.elsevier.com/locate/ejcts Relationship between orifices of pulmonary and coronary arteries in common arterial trunk Iki Adachi a, Hideki
More informationAccessory mitral valve tissue causing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction
Br Heart 1986; 55: 376-80 Accessory mitral valve tissue causing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction W G MELDRUM-HANNA, T B CARTMILL, R E HAWKER, J M CELERMAJER, C M WRIGHT From the Basser Institute
More informationHeart and Lungs. LUNG Coronal section demonstrates relationship of pulmonary parenchyma to heart and chest wall.
Heart and Lungs Normal Sonographic Anatomy THORAX Axial and coronal sections demonstrate integrity of thorax, fetal breathing movements, and overall size and shape. LUNG Coronal section demonstrates relationship
More informationAn anterior aortoventriculoplasty, known as the Konno-
The Konno-Rastan Procedure for Anterior Aortic Annular Enlargement Mark E. Roeser, MD An anterior aortoventriculoplasty, known as the Konno-Rastan procedure, is a useful tool for the cardiac surgeon. Originally,
More informationSURGICAL APPROACHES FOR DOUBLE-OUTLET RIGHT VENTRICLE OR TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT ARTERIES ASSOCIATED WITH STRADDLING ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES
SURGICAL APPROACHES FOR DOUBLE-OUTLET RIGHT VENTRICLE OR TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT ARTERIES ASSOCIATED WITH STRADDLING ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES Alain Serraf, MD ~ Tomohiro Nakamura, MD ~ Fran ois Lacour-Gayet,
More informationCoronary Artery Diameters in the Heart With Complete Transposition Of the Great Vessels
JACC Vol. 15, No.6 May 1990:1433-7 1433 Coronary Artery Diameters in the Heart With Complete Transposition Of the Great Vessels RNAT M. OBRHOFFR, MD,* SW YN HO, PHD,t ROBRT H. ANDRSON, MD, FRCPATHt Vim,
More informationCorrective Repair of Complete Atrioventricular
Corrective Repair of Complete Atrioventricular Canal Defects and Major Associated Cardiac Anomalies A. D. Pacifico, M.D., A. Ricchi, M.D., L. M. Bargeron, Jr., M.D., E. C. Colvin, M.D., J. W. Kirklin,
More informationAnomalous Systemic Venous Connection Systemic venous anomaly
World Database for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery Appendix B: Diagnosis (International Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Codes (IPCCC) and definitions) Anomalous Systemic Venous Connection Systemic
More informationThe Arterial Switch Operation for Transposition of the Great Arteries
The Arterial Switch Operation for Transposition of the Great Arteries Jan M. Quaegebeur, M.D., Ph.D. A Journey of 60 Years Transposition of the Great Arteries First description: M. BAILLIE The morbid anatomy
More informationTechniques for repair of complete atrioventricular septal
No Ventricular Septal Defect Patch Atrioventricular Septal Defect Repair Carl L. Backer, MD *, Osama Eltayeb, MD *, Michael C. Mongé, MD *, and John M. Costello, MD For the past 10 years, our center has
More informationCARDIAC DEVELOPMENT CARDIAC DEVELOPMENT
CARDIAC DEVELOPMENT CARDIAC DEVELOPMENT Diane E. Spicer, BS, PA(ASCP) University of Florida Dept. of Pediatric Cardiology Curator Van Mierop Cardiac Archive This lecture is given with special thanks to
More informationIn conventional repair of the associated malformations
Intermediate Results of the Double-Switch Operations for Atrioventricular Discordance Masahiro Koh, MD, Toshikatsu Yagihara, MD, Hideki Uemura, MD, Koji Kagisaki, MD, Ikuo Hagino, MD, Toru Ishizaka, MD,
More informationCoronary arterial anatomy in tetralogy of Fallot: morphological and clinical correlations
174 Heart 1998;80:174 183 Coronary arterial anatomy in tetralogy of Fallot: morphological and clinical correlations J Li, N D Soukias, J S Carvalho, S Yen Ho Paediatrics, Imperial College School of Medicine
More informationYuichi Shiokawa, MD Anton E. Becker, MD, PhD
THE LEFT VENTRICULAR OUTFLOW TRACT IN ATRIOVENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT REVISITED: SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING PRESERVATION OF AORTIC VALVE INTEGRITY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF ANATOMIC OBSERVATIONS Yuichi
More informationRepair of very severe tricuspid regurgitation following detachment of the tricuspid valve
OPEN ACCESS Images in cardiology Repair of very severe tricuspid regurgitation following detachment of the tricuspid valve Ahmed Mahgoub 1, Hassan Kamel 2, Walid Simry 1, Hatem Hosny 1, * 1 Aswan Heart
More informationBIVENTRICULAR REPAIR FOR AORTIC ATRESIA OR HYPOPLASIA AND VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT
BIVENTRICULAR REPAIR FOR AORTIC ATRESIA OR HYPOPLASIA AND VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT Richard G. Ohye, MD a Koji Kagisaki, MD a Lisa A. Lee, MD b Ralph S. Mosca, MD a Caren S. Goldberg, MD b Edward L. Bove,
More informationAnatomically corrected malposition of the great arteries (ACMGA)
Atrioventricular groove patch plasty for anatomically corrected malposition of the great arteries Kiyozo Morita, MD Hiromi Kurosawa, MD Katsushi Koyanagi, MD Koji Nomura, MD Yoshimasa Uno, MD Hirokuni
More informationDouble switch operation in cardiac anomalies with atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance
Double switch operation in cardiac anomalies with atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance Since June 1987, 10 of 19 consecutive patients with atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance
More informationSegmental Analysis. Gautam K. Singh, M.D. Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis
Segmental Analysis Gautam K. Singh, M.D. Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Segmental Analysis Segmental Analysis: From Veins to Ventricles Segmental Approach to Evaluation of Congenital
More informationAppendix A.1: Tier 1 Surgical Procedure Terms and Definitions
Appendix A.1: Tier 1 Surgical Procedure Terms and Definitions Tier 1 surgeries AV Canal Atrioventricular Septal Repair, Complete Repair of complete AV canal (AVSD) using one- or two-patch or other technique,
More informationComplete Transposition of the Great Arteries
1 Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries Contents Introduction 2 Anatomy 3 Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries, with or without Ventricular Septal Defect 5 Indication for Surgery 5 Approach
More informationAortography in Fallot's Tetralogy and Variants
Brit. Heart J., 1969, 31, 146. Aortography in Fallot's Tetralogy and Variants SIMON REES AND JANE SOMERVILLE From The Institute of Cardiology and National Heart Hospital, London W.J In patients with Fallot's
More informationFetal Tetralogy of Fallot
36 Fetal Tetralogy of Fallot E.D. Bespalova, R.M. Gasanova, O.A.Pitirimova National Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow Elena D. Bespalova, MD Professor, Director Rena M,
More informationUnexpected resolution of first trimester fetal valve stenosis: consequence
Unexpected resolution of first trimester fetal valve stenosis: consequence of developmental remodeling? Gardiner, Helena M. The Fetal Center, Children s Memorial Hermann Hospital, McGovern Medical School,
More informationCongenital Heart Defects
Normal Heart Congenital Heart Defects 1. Patent Ductus Arteriosus The ductus arteriosus connects the main pulmonary artery to the aorta. In utero, it allows the blood leaving the right ventricle to bypass
More informationTransposition of the great arteries in the fetus: assessment of the spatial relationships of the arterial trunks by four-dimensional echocardiography
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008; 31: 271 276 Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/uog.5276 Transposition of the great arteries in the fetus: assessment of the
More informationPulmonary Valve Morphology in Patients with Bicuspid Aortic Valves
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-018-1807-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Pulmonary Valve Morphology in Patients with Bicuspid Aortic Valves Wilke M. C. Koenraadt 1 Margot M. Bartelings 2 Adriana C. Gittenberger de Groot
More informationTransatrial repair of double-outlet right ventricle
Thorax 1982;37:371-375 Transatrial repair of double-outlet right ventricle in infants DANIEL A GOOR, CARLO MASSINI, ABRAHAM SHEM-TOV, HENRY N NEUFELD From the Division of Cardiac Surgery and the Heart
More informationRecognition of imperforate atrioventricular valves by two dimensional echocardiography
Br Heart J 1982; 47: 329-36 Recognition of imperforate atrioventricular valves by two dimensional echocardiography M L RIGBY, D G GIBSON, M C JOSEPH, J C R LINCOLN, E A SHINEBOURNE, D F SHORE, R H ANDERSON
More informationAll You Need to Know About Situs and Looping Disorders: Embryology, Anatomy, and Echocardiography
All You Need to Know About Situs and Looping Disorders: Embryology, Anatomy, and Echocardiography Helena Gardiner Co-Director of Fetal Cardiology, The Fetal Center, University of Texas at Houston Situs
More informationCardiac Catheterization Cases Primary Cardiac Diagnoses Facility 12 month period from to PRIMARY DIAGNOSES (one per patient)
PRIMARY DIAGNOSES (one per patient) Septal Defects ASD (Atrial Septal Defect) PFO (Patent Foramen Ovale) ASD, Secundum ASD, Sinus venosus ASD, Coronary sinus ASD, Common atrium (single atrium) VSD (Ventricular
More informationCommunication of Mitral Valve with Both Ventricles Associated with Double Outlet Right Ventricle
Communication of Mitral Valve with Both Ventricles Associated with Double Outlet Right Ventricle By RAJENTDRA TANDON, M.D., JAMES H. MOLLR, MD, AND JESSE E. EDWARDS, M.D. SUMMARY A rare case of an infant
More informationDouble-outlet right ventricle (DORV) is but
SYMPOSIUM: DOUBLE-OUTLET RIGHT VENTRICLE Double-Outlet Right Ventricle: Pathology and Angiocardiography Robert M. Freedom and Shi-Joon Yoo Double-outlet right ventricle is but one form of abnormal ventriculoarterial
More informationFATE OF THE NEOPULMONARY VALVE AFTER THE ARTERIAL SWITCH OPERATION IN NEONATES
FATE OF THE NEOPULMONARY VALVE AFTER THE ARTERIAL SWITCH OPERATION IN NEONATES Shunji Nogi, MD a Brian W. McCrindle, MD, FACC a Christine Boutin, MD a William G. Williams, MD, FACC b Robert M. Freedom,
More informationIMAGES. in PAEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY. Abstract. Case
IMAGES in PAEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY Images PMCID: PMC3232604 Isolated subpulmonary membrane causing critical neonatal pulmonary stenosis with concordant atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections
More informationCurrent Technique of the Arterial Switch Procedure for Transposition of the Great Arteries
Current Technique of the Arterial Switch Procedure for Transposition of the Great Arteries EDWARD L. BOVE, M.D. Section of Thoracic Surgev, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, The University of Michigan Medical
More informationT annulus of the arterial valves and with accounts of. The Myth of the Aortic Annulus: The Anatomy of the Subaortic Outflow Tract
11. Management of the Small Aortic Root The Myth of the Aortic Annulus: The Anatomy of the Subaortic Outflow Tract Robert H. Anderson, MD, FRCPath, William A. Devine, BS, Siew Yen Ho, PhD, Audrey Smith,
More informationAnatomic echocardiographic correlates: an introduction to normal and congenitally malformed hearts
Heart 2001;86(Suppl II):ii3 ii11 ii3 National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, and Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK SY Ho K P McCarthy M Josen
More informationThe morphologically tricuspid valve in hypoplastic left heart syndrome
European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery 12 (1997) 587 592 The morphologically tricuspid valve in hypoplastic left heart syndrome Christof Stamm, Robert H. Anderson, Siew Yen Ho * Paediatrics, Imperial
More informationComplex Congenital Heart Disease in Adults
Complex Congenital Heart Disease in Adults Linda B. Haramati, MD Disclosures Complex Congenital Heart Disease in Adults Linda B. Haramati MD, MS Jeffrey M. Levsky MD, PhD Meir Scheinfeld MD, PhD Department
More informationTricuspid Valve Repair for Ebstein's Anomaly
Tricuspid Valve Repair for Ebstein's Anomaly Joseph A. Dearani, MD, and Gordon K. Danielson, MD E bstein's anomaly is a malformation of the tricuspid valve and right ventricle that is characterized by
More informationChapter 3.14 Aortic arch interruption
Chapter 3.14 Aortic arch interruption z Definition The aortic arch is described as three segments: proximal, distal and isthmus. The proximal component extends from the takeoff of the innominate artery
More informationLow-dose prospective ECG-triggering dual-source CT angiography in infants and children with complex congenital heart disease: first experience
Low-dose prospective ECG-triggering dual-source CT angiography in infants and children with complex congenital heart disease: first experience Ximing Wang, M.D., Zhaoping Cheng, M.D., Dawei Wu, M.D., Lebin
More informationAn Unreported Type of Coronary Artery Anomaly in Congenitally Corrected Transposition of Great Arteries 선천성수정대혈관전위환자에서새롭게보고된관상동맥변이
Case Report pissn 1738-2637 / eissn 2288-2928 J Korean Soc Radiol 2016;75(1):62-67 http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/jksr.2016.75.1.62 An Unreported Type of Coronary Artery Anomaly in Congenitally Corrected Transposition
More informationAnatomic variants of the normal coronary artery circulation
Diagnosis and Operation for Anomalous Circumflex Coronary Artery Keishi Ueyama, MD, PhD, Mahesh Ramchandani, MD, Arthur C. Beall, Jr, MD, and James W. Jones, MD, PhD Department of Surgery, Baylor College
More informationM/3, cc-tga, PS, BCPC(+) Double Switch Operation
2005 < Pros & Cons > M/3, cc-tga, PS, BCPC(+) Double Switch Operation Congenitally corrected TGA Atrio-Ventricular & Ventriculo-Arterial discordance Physiologically corrected circulation with the morphologic
More informationTransposition of the Great Arteries
SMGr up Transposition of the Great Arteries Hala Mounir Agha 1 *, Mohamed Moustafa 2 and Ibrahim Abou Farag 2 1 Pediatric Cardiology Division, Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital, Egypt 2 Pediatric
More informationFUNCTIONALLY SINGLE VENTRICLE
MORPHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS VI TRAN EuroEcho, Budapest, 7 th December 2011 DECLARATION OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST: I have nothing to declare What is the functionally single ventricle? The heart that is incapable
More informationS. Bert Litwin, MD. Preface
Preface Because of the wide variety of anomalies encountered in congenital heart surgery, a broad understanding of the pathologic anatomy of defects is vitally important to the surgeon. More than in many
More informationTetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with atrioventricular (AV)
Tetralogy of Fallot with Atrioventricular Canal Defect: Two Patch Repair Sitaram M. Emani, MD, and Pedro J. del Nido, MD Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with atrioventricular (AV) canal defect is classified
More informationCommon Defects With Expected Adult Survival:
Common Defects With Expected Adult Survival: Bicuspid aortic valve :Acyanotic Mitral valve prolapse Coarctation of aorta Pulmonary valve stenosis Atrial septal defect Patent ductus arteriosus (V.S.D.)
More informationPediatric Echocardiography Examination Content Outline
Pediatric Echocardiography Examination Content Outline (Outline Summary) # Domain Subdomain Percentage 1 Anatomy and Physiology Normal Anatomy and Physiology 10% 2 Abnormal Pathology and Pathophysiology
More informationAccuracy of the Fetal Echocardiogram in Double-outlet Right Ventricle
Blackwell Publishing IncMalden, USACHDCongenital Heart Disease 2006 The Authors; Journal compilation 2006 Blackwell Publishing, Inc.? 200723237Original ArticleFetal Echocardiogram in Double-outlet Right
More informationCongenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries (cctga or l-loop TGA)
Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries (cctga or l-loop TGA) Mary Rummell, MN, RN, CPNP, CNS Clinical Nurse Specialist, Pediatric Cardiology/Cardiac Surgery Doernbecher Children s Hospital,
More informationMiddle mediastinum---- heart & pericardium. Dep. of Human Anatomy Zhou Hongying
Middle mediastinum---- heart & pericardium Dep. of Human Anatomy Zhou Hongying eaglezhyxzy@163.com Subdivisions of the mediastinum Contents of Middle mediastinum Heart Pericardium: a serous sac enclosing
More informationSegmental approach to normal and abnormal situs arrangement - Echocardiography -
Segmental approach to normal and abnormal situs arrangement - Echocardiography - Jan Marek Great Ormond Street Hospital & Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London No disclosures
More informationBay Window Technique for the Arterial Switch Operation of the Transposition of the Great Arteries With Complex Coronary Arteries
Bay Window Technique for the Arterial Switch Operation of the Transposition of the Great Arteries With Complex Coronary Arteries Masaaki Yamagishi, MD, Keisuke Shuntoh, MD, Katsuji Fujiwara, MD, Takeshi
More informationPreoperative Echocardiographic Assessment of Uni-ventricular Repair
Preoperative Echocardiographic Assessment of Uni-ventricular Repair Salem Deraz, MD Pediatric Cardiologist, Aswan Heart Centre Magdi Yacoub Heart Foundation Uni-ventricular repair A single or series of
More informationCoronary Artery Obstruction After the Arterial Switch Operation for Transposition of the Great Arteries in Newborns
202 JACC Vol. 29, No. 1 Coronary Artery Obstruction After the Arterial Switch Operation for Transposition of the Great Arteries in Newborns PHILIPP BONHOEFFER, MD, DAMIEN BONNET, MD, JEAN-FRANÇOIS PIÉCHAUD,
More informationAccessory and Anomalous Atrioventricular Valvar Tissue Causing Outflow Tract Obstruction
JACC Vol. 32, No. 6 November 15, 1998:1741 8 1741 PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY Accessory and Anomalous Atrioventricular Valvar Tissue Causing Outflow Tract Obstruction Surgical Implications of a Heterogeneous
More informationList of Videos. Video 1.1
Video 1.1 Video 1.2 Video 1.3 Video 1.4 Video 1.5 Video 1.6 Video 1.7 Video 1.8 The parasternal long-axis view of the left ventricle shows the left ventricular inflow and outflow tract. The left atrium
More informationCARDIAC AND CORONARY ARTERY ANATOMY NO DISCLOSURES. Axial Anatomy of Heart. Axial Anatomy of Heart. Axial Anatomy of Heart
CARDIAC AND CORONARY ARTERY ANATOMY NO DISCLOSURES NASCI MEETING, ORLANDO FLORIDA 2009 KOSTAKI G. BIS, MD, FACR DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY WILLIAM BEAUMONT HOSPITAL Royal Oak, Michigan OBJECTIVES CARDIAC
More informationAnatomic repair of complex transposition with en bloc rotation of the truncus arteriosus: 10-year experience
European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 49 (2016) 176 182 doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezv056 Advance Access publication 19 February 2015 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Cite this article as: Mair R, Sames-Dolzer E, Innerhuber
More informationTGA, VSD, and LVOTO. Cheul Lee, MD. Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Sejong General Hospital
Surgical Management of TGA, VSD, and LVOTO Cheul Lee, MD Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Sejong General Hospital TGA, VSD, and LVOTO Incidence : 0.7% of all CHD 20% of TGA with VSD 4%
More informationCMR for Congenital Heart Disease
CMR for Congenital Heart Disease * Second-line tool after TTE * Strengths of CMR : tissue characterisation, comprehensive access and coverage, relatively accurate measurements of biventricular function/
More informationRecent technical advances and increasing experience
Pediatric Open Heart Operations Without Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization Jean-Pierre Pfammatter, MD, Pascal A. Berdat, MD, Thierry P. Carrel, MD, and Franco P. Stocker, MD Division of Pediatric Cardiology,
More informationTHE VESSELS OF THE HEART
1 THE VESSELS OF THE HEART The vessels of the heart include the coronary arteries, which supply the heart and the veins and lymph vessels, which drain the heart. THE CORONARY ARTERIES These are the blood
More informationReconstruction of right ventricular outflow with a valved homograft conduit
Thorax (1974), 29, 617. Reconstruction of right ventricular outflow with a valved homograft conduit D. J. WHEATLEY, S. PRUSTY, and D. N. ROSS Department of Surgery, National Heart Hospital, London WI Wheadey,
More informationCongenital Heart Disease II: The Repaired Adult
Congenital Heart Disease II: The Repaired Adult Doreen DeFaria Yeh, MD FACC Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School MGH Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program Echocardiography Section, no disclosures
More informationULTRASOUND OF THE FETAL HEART
ULTRASOUND OF THE FETAL HEART Cameron A. Manbeian, MD Disclosure Statement Today s faculty: Cameron Manbeian, MD does not have any relevant financial relationships with commercial interests or affiliations
More informationNeonatal arterial switch operation: coronary artery patterns and coronary events 1
European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery 11 (1997) 810 817 Neonatal arterial switch operation: coronary artery patterns and coronary events 1 Daniel Tamisier, Ruth Ouaknine, Philippe Pouard, Philippe
More informationGiovanni Di Salvo MD, PhD, FESC Second University of Naples Monaldi Hospital
Giovanni Di Salvo MD, PhD, FESC Second University of Naples Monaldi Hospital VSD is one of the most common congenital cardiac abnormalities in the newborn. It can occur as an isolated finding or in combination
More informationPRACTICAL GUIDE TO FETAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IC Huggon and LD Allan
PRACTICAL GUIDE TO FETAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IC Huggon and LD Allan Fetal Cardiology Unit, Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK IMPORTANCE OF PRENATAL
More information