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1 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Acute coronary syndrome(s), anticoagulant therapy in, 706, 707 antiplatelet therapy in, 702 ß-blockers in, 703 cardiac biomarkers in, 690, cardiac ischemia in, 689 clinical history screening in, clinical presentation and diagnostic approaches in emergency department, continuum of, definitions of, electrocardiogram in, 692 emergency department treatment of, extent of testing in, follow-up percutaneous coronary intervention in, initial treatment of, morphine in, 703 nitroglycerin in, 703 non-st-elevation myocardial infarction within, , 702 non-st-segment, percutaneous coronary intervention in, treatment of, patient screening for, , 694 potential, physical examination in, 692 primary, secondary, 700 ST-elevation myocardial infarction within, , criteria for, 700 supplemental oxygen in, 702 Airway management, in cardiac arrest recuscitation, 715 American Heart Association Guidelines 2010, evidence in support of, Angiography, coronary CT, in low-risk chest pain, 725 Antiarrhythmics, in atrial fibrillation, Anticoagulant therapy, in acute coronary syndromes, 706, 707 Anticoagulation, in atrial fibrillation, Antiplatelet therapy, in acute coronary syndrome, 702 Aortic aneurysm, abdominal, causes and risk factors for, 794 clinical presentation of, 795 diagnostic modalities in, 795 treatment of, thoracic, 797 Emerg Med Clin N Am 29 (2011) doi: /s (11) /11/$ see front matter ª 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. emed.theclinics.com

2 830 Index Aortic dissection, causes and risk factors for, chest radiography in, 790, 791 classification of, 790, 791 clinical presentation of, 790 computed tomography imaging in, magnetic resonance imaging in, 792 risk assessment in, 793 transesophageal echocardiography in, 792 transthoracic echocardiography in, 792, 793 treatment of, Aortic emergencies, Aortic stenosis, disordred heart valve and, 802, 803, 804 Arial fibrillation, anticoagulation in, heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin in, 754 vitamin K antagonist and aspirin in, 754 Arrhythmias, congenital cardiac, primary and secondary, causes of, 730 potential causes of, 730 reversible causes of, 730, 731 Atrial fibrillation, antiarrhythmics in, as risk factor for stroke, 747, 753 atrial flutter in, 755 causes of, diagnosis of, 748 direct current electrical cardioversion in, direct thrombin inhibitors in, disposition in, 755 in acute heart failure syndromes, management of, pharmacocardioversion in, 752 rate control for, rhythm control to terminate, Atrial flutter, in atrial fibrillation, 755 B ß-Blockers, in acute coronary syndrome, 703 in aortic dissection, 793 Bradycardia(s), and heart block, characteristics of, 732 conceptual approach to, 732 Bradydysrhythmia(s), approach to patient with, evaluation in, stable, treatment of, 733 unstable, treatment of, 733 C Calcium channel blockers, in aortic dissection, 794 Cardiac arrest, bedside ultrasound in,

3 Index 831 emergency echocardiography in. See Echocardiography, emergency, in cardiac arrest. recuscitation in, airway management in, 715 oxygenation in, 715 ventilation in, 715 resuscitation in, chest compression, early defibrillation in, 714 early phase of, 716 late phase of, 717 middle phase of, phase approach, involving ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular techycardia, phases of, rescue breathing, Cardiac biomarkers, in acute coronary syndrome, 690, Cardiocerebral resuscitation, phases of, Cardiomyopathies, emergency echocardiography in, 766 Chest compression, in cardiac arrest resuscitation, Chest pain, low-risk, approach to ED patient with, cardiac biomarkers in, 723, 724 clinical history in, coronary CT angiography in, 725 electrocardiogram in, 723 exercise treadmill testing in, 724 provocative testing in, radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging in, 725 stress echocardiography in, 725 visits to emergency department for, 721 Circulatory system, anatomy and pathophysiology of, Coarctation of aorta, 817 Complete heart block, 824 Congenital heart disease, adults with, treatment of, special considerations in, congestive heart failure in, 815 cyanosis in, risk factors for, 814 suspected diagnosis and stabilization of, Coronary artery disease, assessment of, 722 Coronary syndrome, acute. See Acute coronary syndrome(s). Cyanosis, ductal-dependent obstructive lesions in, stabilization of, in congenital heart disease, D Defibrillation, early, in cardiac arrest recuscitation, 714 Direct current electrical cardioversion, in atrial fibrillation, Direct thrombin inhibitors, in atrial fibrillation, Dyastolic dysfunction, emergency echocardiography in, E Ebstein anomaly, Echocardiography, applied Doppler technology, 761 B-mode, 761 emergency,

4 832 Index Echocardiography (continued ) as goal-directed, 760 cardiac windows for, 763 case 1, 759, case 2, case 3, case 4, E-point septal separation, 761, 764 fractional shortening, 762, in cardiac arrest, advantages of, 778 pediatric considerations and, 778 survival and, 778 in cardiomyopathies, 766 in diastolic dysfunction, in hyperdynamic heart, 767 in special circumstances, modalities used in, overall cardiac function and, 766 pericardial effusion detection and, pulmonary embolus and, 776 quantitative methods of, 764 right ventricle and, anatomy of, size and function of, scope of, semiquantitative methods of, 764 technical limitations of, 762 undifferentiated shock and hypotension and, visual estimates of cardiac function with, volume assessment and, clinical utility of, 781 windows used in, 762 M-mode, 761, 762 Emergency department patient, with low-risk chest pain, approach to, Endocardial excursion, 765 Exercise treadmill testing, in low-risk chest pain, 724 F Fibrolytic agents, efficacy and risk of, 704 Fibrolytic therapy, contraindications to, 704, 705 in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, 703, 704 G GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors, in acute coronary syndromes, 706 H Heart, hyperdynamic, emergency echocardiography in, 767 left-sided obstructive lesions of, right-sided obstructive lesions of,

5 Index 833 Heart block, complete, 824 Heart defects, congenital, incidence of, 812 time of presentation of, 812 Heart disease, congenital. See Congenital heart disease. valvular, diagnosis and management of, in emergency medicine, Heart failure, congestive, lesions presenting as, stabilization of, 817 incidence of, 675 Heart failure syndromes, acute, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in, atrial fibrillation in, categorizing of patients with, 679 clinical profile of patients with, definition of, 677 diagnosis of, 676 high risk features for, 685 hypertensive pathway, 679 hypotensive pathway, 679 hypotensive profile in, 684 initial approach to ED management of, 677 initial management of, IV loop diuretics in, morphine in, 684 nesiritide in, normotensive pathway, 680 precipitants of, diagnosis and treatment of, , 684 special considerations in, symptoms of, 676 therapeutic considerations in, vasodilators in, 680, 681 Heart murmur, asymptomatic, approach of emergency physician in, 805 important, prosthetic valve in, antibiotic therapy in, determination of kind of, 806 Heart valve, artificial, anticoagulation in, long-standing, late complications associated with, recently implanted, early complications of, 807 disordered, aortic stenosis and, 802, 803, 804 clinical presentation and work-up in, epidemiology and pathophysiology of, 802 infective endocarditis in, , 805 left-sided regurgitation in, 802, 803, prosthetic valves and, 802 treatment and management of, Heparin, and low-molecular-weight heparin, in atrial fibrillation, 754 Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, 817 I Infective endocarditis, in disordered heart valve, , 805 Inferior vena cava, sonographic evaluation of, limitations of,

6 834 Index L Long QT syndrome, M Mitral valve motion, 765 Morphine, in acute coronary syndrome, 703 Myocardial infarction, non-st-elevation, , 702 ST-elevation. See ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Myocardial necrosis, causes of, 701 Myocardial wall thickening, 765 N Nitroglycerin, in acute coronary syndrome, 703 Nitroprusside, in aortic dissection, 794 Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes, percutaneous coronary intervention in, treatment of, O Oxygen, supplemental, in acute coronary syndrome, 702 Oxygenation, in cardiac arrest recuscitation, 715 P Patent ductus arteriosus, Percutaneous coronary intervention, follow-up, in acute coronary syndromes, in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, Pericardial effusion, and pleural effusion, differentiation of, detection of, emergency echocardiography and, etiology of, evaluation of, pitfalls of, size of, 768, 769, 770 tamponade physiology and, Pericardiocentesis, 772 Pleural effusion, and pericardial effusion, differentiation of, Pulmonary embolus, emergency echocardiography and, 776 Pulmonary venous return, total anomalous, 821 R Radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging, in low-risk chest pain, 725 Regurgitation, left-sided, in disordered heart valve, 802, 803, Rescue breathing, in cardiac arrest resuscitation, Rhythm disturbance(s), differential diagnosis of, 729 general approach to patient with, stable versus unstable presentations of, 730, 731 S Shock, ductal-dependent obstructive lesions in, stabilization of, in neonate of, differential diagnosis of, 814

7 Index 835 Shock and hypotension, undifferentiated, emergency echocardiography in, ST-segment elevation, non-acute coronary syndrome causes of, 701, 702 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention in, fibrolytic therapy in, 703, 704 and percutaneous coronary intervention in, choice of, 704 treatment of, Stress echocardiography, in low-risk chest pain, 725 Supraventricular tachycardia, 823 T Tachycardia(s), approach to patient with, 737 AV nodal reentrant, conceptual approach to, 735 supraventricular, 730 Tachydysrhythmia, approach to patient with, evaluation of, narrow complex, stable narrow complex, treatment of, stable wide complex, treatment of, unstable narrow complex, treatment of, unstable wide complex, treatment of, wide complex, 736 Tetralogy of Fallot, Thienopyridines, in acute coronary syndromes, 706 Transposition of great vessels, 818 Truncus arteriosus, U Ultrasound, bedside, in cardiac arrest, V Valvular heart disease, diagnosis and management of, in emergency medicine, Ventilation, in cardiac arrest recuscitation, 715 Ventricle, right, anatomy of, emergency echocardiography and, dilation of, echocardiographic signs of, 774, 775 size and function of, emergency echocardiography and, strain of, and paradoxic septal motion, 774, 775 Ventricular fibrillation, and pulseless ventricular tachycardia, in phase approach to cardiac arrest resuscitation, Ventricular septal defect, Ventricular tachycardia, pulseless, and ventricular fibrillation, in phase approach to cardiac arrest resuscitation, Vitamin K antagonist, and aspirin, in atrial fibrillation, 754

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