Clare Stevens. Dr Ross Keenan

Transcription

1 Dr Ross Keenan Radiologist & Director Christchurch Radiology Group Christchurch Clare Stevens Chief CT Technologist Pacific Radiology Christchurch 14:00-14:55 WS #112: What You Need to Know re Modern Cardiac Imaging 15:05-16:00 WS #122: What You Need to Know re Modern Cardiac Imaging (Repeated)

2 Heart Vision What you need to know re Modern Cardiac Imaging Ms Clare Stevens (CT technologist) Dr Ross Keenan (Cardiac radiologist) South GP CME Conference, August 2018 Workshops_WS112 & WS 122_Room & 1505hrs Saturday 18 th August 2018 Horncastle Arena Christchurch R J Keenan PRC 2018

3 HEART VISION Ltd. joint venture PACIFIC RADIOLOGY CANTERBURY & HEART CENTRE (2003) R J Keenan PRC 2018

4 R J Keenan PRC

5 CACS Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring R J Keenan PRC 2018

6 CACS Non-contrast CACS Contrast CCTA R J Keenan PRC 2018

7 CACS CT scan - ECG gated prospective low dose (< 0.5mSv) CVD risk stratification tool (Agatston 1990) CACS quantifies calcified plaque CACS scores plaques with peak density >130HU Total CACS score ranked against population standards MESA = Multiethnic Study in Atheroslerosis R J Keenan PRC 2018 Dr R J Keenan CRG 2007

8 CAD Risk Stratification: definitions Low risk < 10% /10 year risk cardiac event CCTA Framingham CAD Risk Profile Intermediate risk ~10-20% /10 year risk cardiac event CCTA High risk MISSES (?10-25%) > 20% /10 year risk cardiac event DSA R J Keenan PRC 2018

9 CACS - Interpretation CACS Score (Agatston) Plaque burden Obstructive CAD Risk CVD Risk Guidelines 0 none < 5% very low reassuring 1-10 minimal < 10% low discuss 1 0 prevention mild mild stenoses moderate 1 0 risk modification moderate NOD highly likely moderately high > 400 severe > 90% risk of OCAD >/= 1 stenosis high risk modification aspirin consider stress test aggressive risk modification aspirin stress test Reference: Rumberger 1999 R J Keenan PRC 2018

10 CACS result = ranked Agatston score calcification = biomarker of CAD burden CVD risk assessment in low-medium risk patients CACS score = CVD risk extensive evidence base routinely incorporated in CCTA studies since 2012 Dr R J Keenan CRG 2007

11 Non Invasive Coronary Assessment A Guide

12 CT Coronary Calcium Score An in-patient susceptibility study Validation studies in males aged determines that little or no calcified plaque identifies low risk of future patient IHD events Studies demonstrate more accurate risk prediction for an individual patient by combining the Framingham Risk (NHF table) and CT calcium score (CACS)

13 CT Coronary Calcium Score (CACS) An intra-patient susceptibility study Patients with high CACS ( 300 Agatston units) has the same IHD event rate as a patient who has had 1. MI 2. CABG 3. PTCA 4. abnormal coronary angiogram!!

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15 Cardiac CT : Heart Vision - new Pacific Radiology St Georges - CCTA patients Audit 4 to CCTA v catheter audit - continuous radiation dose audit - health insurance coverage CACS screening not covered CCTA - SXHI criteria v others Dr R J Keenan CRG 2007

16 R J Keenan PRC 2018

17 Cardiac CT Imaging Systems Siemens Dual Source CT: Left: Definition 2007 (St Georges), Right: Definition FLASH 2012 (Christchurch Hospital)

18 Cardiac CT Imaging Left: CCTA Syngo via VR Right: Syngo via curved MIP, normal LAD

19 6 learning points CT dose = low and decreasing to < 1mSv CACS = CVD risk stratification - adjuvant CCTA = coronary stenosis imaging atheroma/stenosis **Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR CT ) coronary perfusion cardiac MRI = function, myocardial, valvular disease R J Keenan PRC 2018 ROUTINE! Dr R J Keenan CRG 2007

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21 CCTA Coronary CT Angiography R J Keenan CRG 2010

22 CT Coronary Angiogram (CTCA) An accurate test for diagnosis of IHD Exercise ECG Stress Echo (+ other techniques) CT CA ~ 75% accurate ~ 80% accurate ~ 98% accurate

23 Major CCTA - Indications 1 Chest pain low/intermediate pretest probability CAD Chest pain - uninterpretable or equivocal ETT/imaging Evaluation acute CP (ED) intermediate risk CAD/normal ECG-enzymes Pre-op exclusion CAD prior to valve-aneurysm surgery Suspected coronary anomaly CHF or DCM on echo - new onset for exclusion CAD Reference: CSANZ November 2010 R J Keenan PRC 2018

24 CCTA - Reporting Triage Stenosis Grade: normal minimal < 25% mild 25-49% borderline ~ 50% significant stenosis > 50% moderate 50-69% severe >/= 70% severe stenosis > 70% occlusion ~ 100% R J Keenan PRC 2018

25 CCTA M55yr. Atypical CP. Severe Framingham risk factors. Indeterminate ETT. R J Keenan CRG 2009

26 CCTA LAD > 90% M36yr Atypical CP. No Framingham risk factors. NETT.

27 CCTA FPH6911: M56yr ICU brain death. Ex-smoker. Assess suitability as cardiac donor. R J Keenan PRC 2018

28 CCTA LAD 50-60% LAD 50-60% DNC3450: M68yr CP. BETT. LBBB MR stress test -ve Rx medical R J Keenan PRC 2018

29 CCTA LAD >70% LAD >70% LPG8917: M74yr Previous MVR. CT. BETT catheter + PCI R J Keenan PRC 2018

30 CCTA LAD >70% LAD >70% AYD4723: M62yr CT. BETT. AF. FHx IHD catheter R J Keenan CRG 2012

31 HV Audit (2) CCTA reported findings Mild CAD (21%) CCTA low-medium risk (n=932) CAD (69%) CCTA normal (31%) Significant CAD (20%) Severe CAD (6%) Reference: CCTA report analysis, HV Audit 2, P England, June 2008 August 2011 (n = 1002) R J Keenan PRC 2018

32 CCTA v Catheter Concordance - Audit (2) **discordant stenosis grade missed lesion

33 CVD Risk Stratification Event Free Survival 1.7% Normal 2.7% 1V NOD 4.6% 2V NOD 6.9% 3V NOD 7.1% 1V OD 11.3% 2V OD CACS CCTA 20% 3V OD NOD = non obstructive disease OD = obstructive disease Follow-up

34 Negative CCTA - Prognosis negative CCTA = absent or non-significant CAD long term data accumulating - follow-up > 5 years available consistent results negative CCTA NPV % (< 5yrs) negative CCTA confidently rules out significant CAD negative non-obstructive CCTA predicts very low rate of major CVD events over the longer term (5yrs) R J Keenan PRC 2018

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37 Case Examples Case 1: SR, 49yr white male Normal CACS & CTCA Case 2: KN, 63yr white male CACS 98 th centile CTCA severe plaque Case 3: DD, M53yr white male CACS 96 th centile CTCA moderate-severe obstructive disease R J Keenan PRC 2018

38 Case 1 SR R J Keenan PRC 2018

39 *SR*Intermediate Risk and SOB (known asthma) SR, M49yr PHx sarcoidosis, mild asthma TC = 6, HDL = ~1, LDL = 4 FHx father established IHD MI 60yr Fhx uncle stented age 55yr

40 Intermediate Risk and SOB SR, M49yr Ex ECG limited by dyspnoea moderately reduced ex capacity borderline ST changes

41 Intermediate Risk and SOB SR, M49yr what to do?

42 Case 1 CXR 2006 CXR 2011

43 Case 1 CT 2011

44 Case 1 CT 2011

45 Case 1 CXR 2011 preop CXR 2011 post lung transplant

46 Case 1 SR, M48yr, FCY8681 Phx sarcoidosis, mild asthma TC 6, HDL 1, LDL 4 Fhx paternal MI age 60yr, uncle stented 55yr Ex ECG SOB limited, moderately exercise capacity serial CXR parenchymal deterioration CT chest - chronic DILD, reticulonodular, GGO, nodules - honeycombing, bronchiectasis, mediastinal L/N. Transbronchial biopsy = sarcoidosis.. Open lung bx = UIP Rx lung transplantation

47 Case 2 KN R J Keenan PRC 2018

48 *KN*Strong FHx severe IHD KN, M63yr Lean, non smoker, regular walker HDL = 1.5, LDL = 3.6 normal ex ECG, ex capacity 40% > predicted

49 *KN*Strong FHx severe IHD M63yr NHF risk 5 7.5%/5yr What does CT Calcium score add?

50 R J Keenan PRC 2018 Case 2

51 R J Keenan PRC 2018 Case 2

52 R J Keenan PRC 2018 Case 2

53 *KN*Strong FHx severe IHD KN, M63yr NHF risk 5 7.5%/5yr major underestimate!! CT Calcium score > % 5yr risk!! risk same as having had previous IHD

54 *KN*Strong FHx severe IHD Practice point if coronary or vascular calcification identified on CT chest/body calcification demonstrated during imaging for other causes the patient may be at high coronary risk (> 30%/5yr) and could be screened by formal CACS

55 Case 2 KN, M63yr white male Lean, non-smoker, regular walker HDL 1.53, LDL 3.6 Ex ECG normal. Exercise capacity 40% > predicted NHF risk 7.5%/5yr CACS = 2247 Agatston units (98 th centile) CTCA extensive plaque, mild-moderate multivessel obstructive disease max 50% R J Keenan PRC 2018

56 Case 3 DD R J Keenan PRC 2018

57 *DD* Treated LDL, knee pain and SOB M53yr treated hyperlipidaemia ~ 15 yrs. LDL = ~ 2.6 (on Rx) strong FHx IHD. father died age 76yr. angioplasties 3v CABG, age 32yr (!!) x4 uncles Rx CABG

58 *DD* Treated LDL, knee pain and SOB DD, M53yr recent exertional dyspnoea (mild) 3/12 regular gym based exercise. jogging until knee injury 6/12 ago. unable to treadmill exercise.

59 *DD* Treated LDL, knee pain & SOB DD, M53yr what to do?

60 R J Keenan PRC 2018 Case 3

61 R J Keenan PRC 2018 Case 3

62 R J Keenan PRC 2018 Case 3

63 R J Keenan PRC 2018 Case 3

64 Case 3 DD, M53yr white male, DTS7446 Treated hyperlipidaemia 15yrs. LDL on Rx 2.6 Strong Fhx. Father +76yrs. x3 CABG 32yrs. x 4 uncle CABGs Recent mild exertional SOBOE 3/12 Regular gym exercise. Jogging until knee injury, unable to run or perform ETT CACS = 425 Agatston units (~ 96 th centile) CTCA extensive plaque, severe obstructive coronary disease cardiac catheter PCI R J Keenan PRC 2018

65 Heart Vision Non Invasive Coronary Assessment Ms Clare Stevens (CT technologist) & Dr Ross Keenan (Cardiac radiologist) GP CPD Conference, 13 August 2017 R J Keenan PRC 2018

66 CT-FFR FFR = fractional flow reserve FFR ICA = Invasive coronary pressure wire derived FFR FFR CT = CTCA derived FFR FFR = pressure ratio = P coronary / P aortic FFR = (NR) FFR threshold < 0.8 = hemodynamically significant lesions preferred metric for determining flow limiting stenosis guidelines = hemodynamic significance (FFR ICA-CT ) not anatomic stenosis (% stenosis) coronary stenting decisions EBM Class1A recommendation for FFR of 50-90% stenotic lesions FFR determines lesion - specific ischemia R J Keenan PRC 2018

67 R J Keenan PRC 2018 CT-FFR

68 CT-FFR R J Keenan PRC 2018 R J Keenan PRC 2018

69 R J Keenan PRC 2018 CT-FFR

70 R J Keenan PRC 2018 CT-FFR

71 Questions R J Keenan PRC 2018

72 END R J Keenan PRC 2018

73 CCTA Radiation Dose Dose 35.0 CT 2007 Retrospective Spiral CT upgrade 2009 Prospective Adaptive Sequence Retrospective min dose 4% CT upgrade 2012 Prospective min dose Adaptive Sequence FLASH Cardio mode IR - SAFIRE

74 CCTA Radiation Dose Technique Effective Dose pa SPECT Thallium stress 25mSv SPECT Sestamibi stress 12-18mSv CT chest ungated helical 5-7mSv Retrospective mode CCTA 14 msv, (4.5-19) < 5-6mSv Prospective mode CCTA 5 msv,( ) < 3-4mSv FLASH mode CCTA </= 1mSv Diagnostic catheter angiogram 3-6 msv, (3-30) CXR (PA/Lat) Annual background radiation Additional background radiation at altitude USA East-West round trip flight 0.05 msv 2-5mSv (~ 3mSv) + 1.5mSv mSv R J Keenan PRC 2018 Reference: Stolzmann P et al. Eur Radiol 2008; 18: Dr R J Keenan CRG 2007

75 Cardiac CT System Siemens Drive Dual Source CT dedicated cardiac CT system dual source (2 XR tubes 1.5 tonne) rotation time = 280msec temporal resolution = 70msec detector = x2 40mm FLASH scanning, high pitch ~ 3.4 dual energy = kvp