Supplementary Information. Statins Improve Long Term Patency of Arteriovenous Fistula for
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1 Supplementary Information Statins Improve Long Term Patency of Arteriovenous Fistula for Hemodialysis Hao-Hsiang Chang MD, MSc 1,2, Yu-Kang Chang PhD 3, Chia-Wen Lu MD 1, Chi-Ting Huang 3, Chiang-Ting Chien PhD 2, Kuan-Yu Hung MD, PhD 4, Kuo-Chin Huang MD, PhD 1,3,5, Chih-Cheng Hsu, MD, DrPH 1,3,6,7 1 Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan 2 Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan 3 Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan 4 Department of Nephrology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan 5 Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 6 Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan. 7 Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
2 Correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed to: Chih-Cheng Hsu, MD, DrPH, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan. Tel: ext 36336; Fax: ; or Kuo-Chin Huang MD, PhD, Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Address: 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan 100. Tel: ext 66081; Fax: ; bretthuang@ntu.edu.tw
3 Supplementary table S1. Demographic characteristics, comorbid diseases and medications exposure between statin users and nonusers in the propensity-score matched cohort Statin nonusers Statin users Standardized N=3,181 N=3,864 Difference Follow up time (year) Means (SD) 3.74 (2.61) 3.59 (2.47) Age (year) Means (SD) 59.3 (13.1) 59.8 (12.4) Sex (n, %) Male 1279 (40.2) 1553 (40.2) Female 1902 (59.8) 2311 (59.8) Location (n, %) City 865 (27.2) 1046 (27.1) Township 1095 (34.4) 1281 (33.1) Rural area 1221 (38.4) 1537 (39.8) Comorbidity CHF 691 (21.7) 873 (22.6) CVA 502 (15.8) 615 (15.9) PVD 198 (6.2) 264 (6.8) DM 1613 (50.7) 1992 (51.6) ASHD 841 (26.4) 1054 (27.3) Other heart disease 340 (10.7) 440 (11.4) COPD 402 (12.6) 517 (13.4) GI disease 816 (25.7) 1070 (27.7) Liver disease 295 (9.3) 379 (9.8) Cancer 178 (5.6) 244 (6.3) Medication use NSAID 2076 (65.3) 2552 (66.1) Aspirin 889 (28.0) 1142 (29.6) Clopidogrel 127 (4.0) 170 (4.4) Warfarin 36 (1.1) 41 (1.1) ACEI 1207 (37.9) 1497 (38.7) ARB 1186 (37.3) 1477 (38.2) Beta-blocker 1708 (53.7) 2101 (54.4) Non-DHP CCB 468 (14.7) 616 (15.9) DHP CCB 2484 (78.1) 3035 (78.6) Biguanide 516 (16.2) 637 (16.5)
4 Sulfonylurea 929 (29.2) 1122 (29.0) Alpah glucosidase inhibitor 195 (6.1) 253 (6.6) Thiazolidinedione 159 (5.0) 202 (5.2) Meglitinide 329 (10.3) 435 (11.3) Insulin 836 (26.3) 1080 (28.0) Statin 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) - Abbreviations: CHF, congestive heart failure; CVA, cerebral vascular accident; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; ASHD, atherosclerotic heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GI, gastrointestinal; NSAID, non steroid anti-inflammatory drug; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; DHP, dihydropyridine; CCB, calcium channel blocker.
5 Supplementary table S2. The logistic regression model used for selecting the propensity-score matched cohort parameter β SE P value OR 95%CI Age (ref=20-39) < Male < Location (ref= City) Township Rural area < Income (ref=middle income) poor Low income High income Comorbidity CHF CVA PVD DM < ASHD Other heart disease COPD GI disease Liver disease < Cancer Medication use NSAID Aspirin < Clopidogrel Warfarin ACEI ARB Beta-blocker < Non-DHP CCB DHP CCB < Biguanide
6 Sulfonylurea Alpah glucosidase inhibitor Thiazolidinedione Meglitinide Insulin Note: the Cox & Snell R-square: ; the Nagelkerke R-square: ; the Hosmer and Lemeshow Goodness-of-fit test: P= Abbreviations: CHF, congestive heart failure; CVA, cerebral vascular accident; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; ASHD, atherosclerotic heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GI, gastrointestinal; NSAID, non steroid anti-inflammatory drug; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; DHP, dihydropyridine; CCB, calcium channel blocker.
7 Supplementary table S3. Hazard ratio of permanent hemodialysis access recreation for statin users by time-dependent Cox regression models HR Overall 0.80 ( )** AVF 0.80 ( )** AVG 0.84 ( ) *p<0.05; **p<0.001 Supplementary table S4. Competing-risk adjusted hazard ratio of permanent hemodialysis access recreation for statin users compared to nonusers HR Overall 0.92 ( ) AVF 0.87 ( )* AVG 1.07 ( ) *p<0.05; **p<0.001 The probability of death and renal transplantation was considered as competing risks adjusted in the model.
8 Supplementary figure S1. ROC curve for the logistic regression used for creating propensity scores. The area under curve is o.8631.
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