The mortality of high-risk patients surviving myocardial
|
|
- Ferdinand McKenzie
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Arrhythmia/Electrophysiology Prevalent Low-Frequency Oscillation of Heart Rate Novel Predictor of Mortality After Myocardial Infarction Dan Wichterle, MD; Jan Simek, MD; Maria Teresa La Rovere, MD; Peter J. Schwartz, MD; A. John Camm, MD; Marek Malik, MD, PhD Background This study evaluates a novel method for postinfarction risk stratification based on frequency-domain characteristics of heart rate variability (HRV) in 24-hour Holter recordings. Methods and Results A new risk predictor, prevalent low-frequency oscillation (PLF), was determined in the placebo population of the European Myocardial Infarction Amiodarone Trial (EMIAT). Frequencies of peaks detected in 5-minute low-frequency HRV spectra were averaged to obtain the PLF index. PLF 0.1 Hz was the strongest univariate predictor of all-cause mortality associated with relative risk of 6.4 (95% CI, 3.9 to 10.6; P ). In a multivariate Cox s regression model including clinical risk factors, mean RR interval, HRV index, low- and high-frequency HRV spectral power, and heart rate turbulence, PLF was the most powerful mortality predictor, with a relative risk of 4.6 (95% CI, 2.2 to 9.3; P ). Predictive power of PLF was blindly validated in the population of the Autonomic Tone and Reflexes After Myocardial Infarction (ATRAMI) trial. PLF 0.1 Hz was associated with univariate relative risk of 6.1 (95% CI, 2.9 to 12.9; P 10 5 ) for cardiac mortality or resuscitated cardiac arrest. In multivariate Cox s regression model including age, left ventricular ejection fraction, baroreflex sensitivity, mean RR interval, standard deviation of normal RR intervals, low- and high-frequency HRV spectral power, and heart rate turbulence, only left ventricular ejection fraction and PLF were significant predictors, with relative risks of 4.2 (95% CI, 1.5 to 11.7; P 0.007) and 3.6 (95% CI, 1.3 to 10.5; P 0.02), respectively. Conclusions An innovative analysis of frequency-domain HRV, which characterizes the distribution of spectral power within the low-frequency band, is a potent and independent risk stratifier in postinfarction patients. (Circulation. 2004; 110: ) Key Words: electrocardiography heart rate mortality myocardial infarction risk factors The mortality of high-risk patients surviving myocardial infarction (MI) can be effectively reduced by prophylactic implantation of an automatic cardioverter-defibrillator. Results of the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II 1 have a major impact on health economics. Therefore, more specific selection of patients at risk of death, based on more than simply ejection fraction, is crucial for the future development of cost-effective prophylactic treatment. Numerous risk factors have been proposed in postinfarction patients. In addition to clinical predictors, a number of noninvasive electrophysiology risk factors have been investigated. Whereas some have not fulfilled initial expectations (late potentials, 2 QT dispersion 3 ), the predictive value of others [mean heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV) 4 6 ]is relatively modest. Recently, heart rate turbulence (HRT) was shown to be a stronger risk predictor compared with a number of other stratifiers, including age, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), mean heart rate, and HRV. 7 This study explored a novel method for postinfarction risk stratification based on modified processing of the frequencydomain HRV characteristics. Whereas the conventional approach uses integrated power spectrum density in predefined frequency bands, this method was developed to characterize the distribution of spectral power within the low-frequency (LF) band. A single descriptor of heart rate oscillatory pattern in the LF band was called prevalent LF oscillation (PLF). Its predictive power was first investigated in the placebo arm of the European Myocardial Infarction Amiodarone Trial (EMIAT) 8 and subsequently validated in the population of the Autonomic Tone and Reflexes After Myocardial Infarction (ATRAMI) 9 trial. Methods EMIAT A total of 743 patients (112 women) years of age at 5 to 21 days after index MI with LVEF 40% ( %) were Received January 16, 2004; de novo received April 1, 2004; revision received May 12, 2004; accepted May 18, From the Department of Cardiological Sciences, St George s Hospital Medical School, London, UK (D.W., A.J.C., M.M.); Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic (D.W., J.S.); Division of Cardiology, Fondazione S. Maugeri IRCCS, Montescano, Italy (M.T.L.R.); and Department of Cardiology, Policlinico S. Matteo IRCCS and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (P.J.S.). Correspondence to Dr Marek Malik, Cardiological Sciences, St. George s Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE UK. m.malik@sghms.ac.uk 2004 American Heart Association, Inc. Circulation is available at DOI: /01.CIR C 1183
2 1184 Circulation September 7, 2004 randomized into the placebo group; 438 (60.0%) had thrombolysis for the treatment of the index MI, and 333 (44.8%) were receiving -blockers at hospital discharge. During the follow-up period of days, 102 patients in the placebo arm died. ATRAMI A total of 1284 patients (165 women) years of age at 28 days after MI with LVEF of % were enrolled; 784 (61.1%) had thrombolysis for the treatment of the index MI, and 254 (19.8%) were treated with -blockers at baseline. During the follow-up period of days, 49 patients reached an end point defined as cardiac mortality or resuscitated cardiac arrest with documented ventricular fibrillation. Holter Recordings Baseline 24-hour Holter recordings were centrally analyzed with the Laser Holter 8000 System (Marquette Medical Systems). The original RR interval series were filtered by use of a multipass approach. At each step, the RR interval was identified that differed most from the interpolated mean of immediately preceding and following RR intervals. This interval was eliminated if the difference from the interpolated mean exceeded 20% for time-domain HRV and HRT analyses and 10% for the frequency-domain HRV analysis. This filtering was iterated until no RR interval required elimination. Time-Domain Analysis of HRV A Holter recording was considered suitable for time-domain analysis of HRV if lasting 18 hours and containing 80% of analyzable data (the sum of all RR intervals after filtering). Mean RR and HRV index 10 were assessed for each recording that fulfilled these criteria. Heart Rate Turbulence Indexes of HRT [turbulence onset (TO) and turbulence slope (TS)] were calculated as previously described. 7 Ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) were included in the analysis if preceded and followed by 15 sinus RR intervals, if their prematurity was 80%, and if the compensatory pause was 120%. At least 5 VPCs (EMIAT) and 1 VPC (ATRAMI) were required for this analysis. Frequency-Domain Analysis of HRV Each Holter recording was divided into 5-minute nonoverlapping segments. In each segment containing 95% analyzable data, the discrete series of sinus RR intervals was linearly interpolated at a 2-Hz frequency, any linear trend was subtracted, and power spectral analysis was performed with the method of averaging periodograms. 11 Specifically, discrete Fourier transform was applied to Hanning-filtered and zero-padded 60-sample segments with 50% overlap. This approach provided a frequency resolution of 1/60 Hz, and power spectra were obtained over the frequency range of to 0.5 Hz. Spectra were integrated in LF (0.04 to 0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (HF; to Hz) bands. Median LF oscillation (MLF) was calculated as the frequency that divided the LF band into 2 regions of equal power. These standard frequency-domain indexes were averaged for all ( 10) available 5-minute segments over 24 hours. PLF index was calculated from individual power spectra of all 5-minute segments containing 95% analyzable data. With the 1/60-Hz frequency resolution, the LF band contained 7 power spectrum values at frequencies of 0.033, 0.050, 0.067, 0.083, 0.100, 0.117, and Hz. In each spectrum, all local peaks defined as spectral position with power spectrum density more than both adjacent power spectrum densities were detected within the LF band, and the maximum peak (the most powered) was included in the PLF computation. Frequencies of all maximum peaks ( 1 per each 5-minute segment) were averaged over the whole recording to obtain the single value of PLF. Detectable peaks in 10 segments per Holter recording were required for a valid PLF calculation. Basic Comparisons Risk factors were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors through the use of a 2-tailed t test for independent samples. LF and HF indexes with clearly nonnormal distributions were logtransformed before the analysis. Pearson s correlation analysis was performed to characterize the interrelationship between individual variables. Risk Stratification In the EMIAT population, conventional predictors were dichotomized at previously established cutoffs (age 65 years, NYHA class II or higher, LVEF 30%, mean RR 800 ms, HRV index 20 U, TO 0%, and TS 2.5 ms/rr). For other continuous variables (QRS duration, LF, HF, and PLF), the dichotomies were set at 40% sensitivity for all-cause mortality. The analysis also included other available nominal clinical stratifiers: gender, presence of previous MI, presence of diabetes mellitus, thrombolysis, and treatment with -blockers at hospital discharge. The association of all dichotomized predictors with all-cause mortality was examined with univariate and multivariate Cox s regression analyses. The validation of the predictive power of the PLF index in the ATRAMI population was performed by use of the dichotomies established in the EMIAT population, except the dichotomy for LVEF ( 35%), which was chosen to comply with previous studies. For the same reason, standard deviation of normal RR intervals 70 ms was used instead of HRV index. The association of all available risk predictors, including baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) 3 ms/ mm Hg, with the combined end point was investigated through the use of univariate and multivariate Cox s regression analyses. Results EMIAT Holter recordings and RR interval data files were available in 633 cases. In this subgroup, 87 patients died during the follow-up period of days. The median Holter duration was 24.0 hours [interquartile range (IQR), 23.5 to 24.3 hours]. Proportions of sinus RR intervals were 99.2% (IQR, 97.2% to 99.7%), 99.1% (IQR, 96.9% to 99.6%), and 98.7% (IQR, 95.8% to 99.5%) after exclusion of ectopic complexes and after filtering for time- and frequency-domain analysis, respectively. There were 265 (IQR, 214 to 284) analyzable 5-minute segments per Holter recording, and 20 (IQR, 12 to 34) had a detectable LF peak. The number of analyzable Holter recordings (percent of all available Holter recordings) was 592 (93.5%), 607 (95.9%), 431 (68.1%), and 520 (82.1%) for time-domain and frequency-domain HRV, HRT, and PLF index, respectively. Basic Comparisons Although MLF did not significantly differ between survivors and nonsurvivors, PLF was significantly shifted to higher frequencies in nonsurvivors and was the statistically strongest predictor among all other risk factors (Table 1). All previously described risk predictors (HRV index, LF, HF, and TS) were moderately interrelated (r 0.57 to 0.84, P ), and all correlated with mean RR (r 0.33 to 0.58, P ). On the contrary, PLF correlated with neither mean RR (r 0.02) nor other indexes (Figure 1), apart from a weak negative correlation with LF (r 0.33, P ). Risk Stratification Selected dichotomies for individual predictors and corresponding relative risks are shown in Table 2. The PLF index
3 Wichterle et al Prevalent Low-Frequency Oscillation 1185 TABLE 1. Comparison of Individual Risk Factors Between Survivors and Nonsurvivors in the Placebo Population of EMIAT Survivors Nonsurvivors n Mean SD n Mean SD P LVEF, % Age, y QRS, ms Mean RR, ms HRV index TO, % TS, ms/rr Log LF, ms Log HF, ms MLF, Hz PLF, Hz QRS indicates QRS duration in baseline 12-lead ECG. The t test for unpaired samples was used for comparison. had the strongest association with all-cause mortality with a relative risk of 6.4 (P ). When all significant univariate predictors (except gender) were entered into the Cox multivariate regression model, PLF remained the most powerful predictor (relative risk, 4.6; P ), followed by HF (relative risk, 2.6; P 0.03) and previous MI (relative risk, 2.1; P 0.01). None of the other risk predictors was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (Table 2). Kaplan-Meier survival curves for mean RR, HF, TS, and PLF and their composites are shown in Figures 2 and 3. The combination of abnormal PLF and abnormal HF was the most powerful mortality predictor, which defined a small population of 20 patients (3.8% of the population with analyzable Holter data) with a 70% mortality during the follow-up and relative risk of 11.6 (P ). In EMIAT, indeterminate PLF alone was associated with an increased risk (mortality of 19.5% compared with overall mortality of 13.7%). However, this risk is considerably lower than that associated with abnormal PLF; consequently, it is not useful for risk stratification. ATRAMI Holter recordings and RR interval data files were available in 1139 cases. Of these, 45 patients reached the combined end point during a follow-up period of days. A comparison of individual risk predictors in both groups is shown in Table 3. Risk Stratification Table 4 shows selected dichotomies for individual predictors and corresponding relative risks. LF had the strongest (relative risk, 6.5; P 10 8 ) and PLF had the second-strongest (relative risk, 6.1; P 10 5 ) association with the combined end point. When all significant univariate predictors (except Figure 1. EMIAT. Scatter diagrams of PLF vs mean RR, log HF, TS, and HRV index. Note lack of correlation between indexes and considerably higher mortality in patients with increased PLF. Indicates survivors;, nonsurvivors.
4 1186 Circulation September 7, 2004 TABLE 2. Association of Risk Variables With All-Cause Mortality Using Cox s Regression Analysis in the Placebo EMIAT Population Univariate Analysis Multivariate Analysis Relative Risk 95% CI P High-Risk Deaths/Total, n Low-Risk Deaths/Total, n SENS, % PPA, % Relative Risk 95% CI P LVEF 30% /295 30/ Age 65 y /259 41/ Male sex /541 11/ Previous MI /163 53/ NYHA class II /317 31/ Present DM /101 59/ QRS 100 ms /125 57/ No thrombolysis /254 41/ Off -blockers /350 29/ Mean RR 800 ms /254 28/ HRV index /182 38/ LF 130 ms /133 47/ HF 30 ms /116 49/ TO 0 % /104 44/ TS 2.5 ms/rr /168 19/ PLF 0.1 Hz /61 39/ SENS indicates sensitivity; PPA, positive predictive accuracy; and DM, diabetes mellitus. Multivariate regression model included all significant univariate predictors. gender and TO) were entered into the Cox s multivariate regression model, only LVEF (relative risk, 4.2; P 0.007) and PLF (relative risk, 3.6; P 0.02) remained independent predictors of the combined end point. Figure 4 shows Kaplan- Meier survival curves for LVEF, BRS, TS, and PLF. Discussion PLF was established and validated to be a very potent risk predictor in postinfarction patients. Being fully independent of mean RR, PLF does not correlate with most previously established risk stratifiers. Rather than overall HRV, PLF appears to quantify a dynamic and transitory pattern of RR interval modulation, which cannot be assessed with conventional indexes. Several studies reported that the specific distribution of spectral power of RR interval and/or blood pressure fluctuations within the LF band might provide additional information compared with the total spectral power in this band. Different descriptive methods have been used, including spectral power in the midfrequency band, 12 central frequency derived from autoregressive models, 13,14 median frequency from Fourier analysis in the LF band, 15 and maximum coherence between the RR interval and blood pressure oscillations detecting the dominant oscillatory component in Figure 2. EMIAT. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for mean RR, HF, TS, and PLF. Standard dichotomies were used for mean RR and TS. PLF and HF were dichotomized at 40% sensitivity for allcause mortality.
5 Wichterle et al Prevalent Low-Frequency Oscillation 1187 Figure 3. EMIAT. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for combination of PLF with mean RR, HF, TS, and HRV index. Gray and black lines indicate normal and abnormal PLF; thin and bold lines, normal and abnormal complementary stratifier, respectively. the LF band. 16 Some of these indexes have been shown to be superior to the traditional descriptors of HRV in the discrimination of healthy control subjects and patients, eg, diabetics, 17 elderly, 12,14 borderline hypertensives, 18 and patients with coronary artery disease 16. All these studies supported the fact that RR interval or blood pressure oscillations in the LF band are shifted toward lower frequencies in patients compared with healthy control subjects and that this shift progressively increases with severity of organic heart impairment. Because of the previous observations, we expected MLF and PLF to be shifted toward lower frequencies in high-risk postinfarction patients. Surprisingly, MLF failed to distinguish high-risk patients, probably because low- and high-risk TABLE 3. Comparison of Individual Risk Factors Between Event-Free Survivors and Subjects With Combined End Point in ATRAMI Population Event-Free Survivors Combined End Point n Mean SD n Mean SD P LVEF, % Age, y BRS, ms/mm Hg Mean RR, ms SDNN, ms TO, % TS, ms/rr Log LF, ms Log HF, ms MLF, Hz PLF, Hz SDNN indicates standard deviation of normal RR intervals. The t test for unpaired samples was used for comparison.
6 1188 Circulation September 7, 2004 TABLE 4. Association of Risk Variables With Combined End Point Using Cox s Regression Analysis in ATRAMI Population Univariate Analysis Multivariate Analysis Relative 95% High-Risk Low-Risk SENS, PPA, Relative 95% Risk CI P CE/Total, n CE/Total, n % % Risk CI P LVEF 35% /125 28/ Age 65 years /266 27/ Male sex /993 9/ BRS 3 ms/mm Hg /150 28/ Mean RR 800 ms /308 19/ SDNN 70 ms /132 23/ LF 130 ms /80 30/ HF 30 ms /79 34/ TO 0% /171 29/ TS 2.5 ms/rr /125 23/ PLF 0.1 Hz /50 29/ CE indicates combined end point; SENS, sensitivity; PPA, positive predictive accuracy; and SDNN, standard deviation of normal RR intervals. postinfarction patients differ less than healthy subjects and patients investigated in previous studies. 17,18 More surprisingly, a higher PLF was strongly and independently associated with clinical end points, indicating that PLF differs qualitatively from indexes describing central or dominant frequency within the LF band. Although the exact physiological background of PLF currently is not known, several suggestions can be made. Spectra obtained from high-risk subjects are flat and frequently with less apparent 0.1-Hz periodicity (Figure 5). A reduced power in the LF band is an independent risk predictor for sudden death in heart failure patients. 19 Likewise, in the present study in post-mi patients, a reduced power in the LF band was a significant mortality predictor. Respiratory arrhythmia is also generally less prominent in high-risk patients. All these factors provide optimal conditions for the spurious and low-powered peaks of unknown origin to emerge in the high-frequency area of the LF band. The extensive filtering was needed because, although the original files were edited to a high clinical standard, the possibility still existed that some ectopic complexes or artifacts were wrongly annotated. The multipass filtering approach that, compared with single-pass, more effectively manages misrecognized arrhythmias and/or artifacts was defined prospectively. Spectral HRV analysis is particularly sensitive to QRS recognition errors; thus, more stringent filtering ( 10%) for spectral analysis was set prospectively on the basis of experience in independent Holter databases. Although we tried to ensure that no erroneous sinus RR intervals were included, even at the cost of omitting some genuine sinus RR intervals, the filter eliminated only 1% of the data. When the data were reanalyzed without filtering, the relative risks of all HRV/ HRT indexes were lower, but the dominance of PLF in the multifactorial analysis was fully preserved (data not presented). Figure 4. ATRAMI trial. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for LVEF, BRS, TS, and PLF. Prespecified dichotomies were used for all risk factors.
7 Wichterle et al Prevalent Low-Frequency Oscillation 1189 Figure 5. Spectral profiles, in which maximum LF peak is found in left (A D) and right (E H) portions of LF band, are more prevalent in low-risk and high-risk patients, respectively. This scheme is based on real EMIAT spectra when averaging was triggered by position of maximum LF peak. PLF index is calculated from a relatively low number of highly selected 5-minute segments in which 1 LF peak was found. Spectral smoothing resulting from the Welch method (and consequently, low prevalence of LF peaks) appeared to be crucial for risk stratification power of PLF. When we tried to reduce the number of spectra entering the averaging process, the prevalence of LF peaks increased, but at the same time, the predictive power of PLF was reduced. Nevertheless, LF spectral power alone, which modestly correlated with PLF, had considerable predictive power. However, LF predictive power was lost in multivariate analysis even if cutoff values of both PLF and LF were set a priori at the same level of sensitivity. Therefore, PLF must convey some additional information relevant to risk stratification. Study Limitations It has not been investigated whether different approaches to spectral analysis (parametric autoregressive models) might provide an even more powerful PLF index. The 10% threshold of the initial filtering procedure, 5-minute duration of RR interval segments processed by spectral analysis, and the analysis threshold of 95% of noise- and/or ectopy-free RR interval series were all selected prospectively but empirically and may not be optimal. In multivariate analysis, some risk factors were obviously handicapped by their previously established cutoff values with sensitivities largely 40%. However, risk stratification with PLF at a relatively low level of sensitivity provided the highest positive predictive accuracy of all risk predictors in both the study populations; this may be a valuable approach if costly treatment (such as implantable cardioverterdefibrillators) results from the risk stratification. In both studies, PLF was analyzable only in 80% to 85% Holter recordings because of an inadequate number of 5-minute spectra with LF peak. However, TS (the strongest electrophysiological competitor to PLF) encounters a similar problem because the presence of VPCs is necessary for its assessment. Consequently, PLF and TS may serve as complementary stratifiers. In conclusion, a novel, qualitatively unique approach based on frequency-domain analysis of HRV provides a very potent and independent postinfarction risk stratifier. However, before direct clinical applicability is proposed, the pathophysiological background to this observation should be elucidated and the predictive power of PLF should be confirmed prospectively in a contemporary population of postinfarction patients. Acknowledgments This work was supported in part by the Wellcome Trust (grant ) and the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic (research grant ). References 1. Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, et al, for the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II Investigators. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2002;346: Bigger JT, for the Coronary Bypass Graft (CABG) Patch Trial Investigators. Prophylactic use of implanted cardiac defibrillators in patients at high risk for ventricular arrhythmias after coronary-artery bypass graft surgery. N Engl J Med. 1997;337: Zabel M, Klingenheben T, Franz MR, et al. Assessment of QT dispersion for prediction of mortality or arrhythmic events after myocardial infarction: results of a prospective, long-term follow up study. Circulation. 1998;97: Kleiger RE, Miller JP, Bigger JT, et al, for the Multicentre Post-Infarction Research Group. Decreased heart rate variability and its association with increased mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1987;59: Malik M, Farrell T, Cripps T, et al. Heart rate variability in relation to prognosis after myocardial infarction: selection of optimal processing techniques. Eur Heart J. 1989;10: Bigger JT, Fleiss JL, Steinman RC, et al. Frequency domain measures of heart period variability and mortality after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1992;85: Schmidt G, Malik M, Barthel P, et al. Heart-rate turbulence after ventricular premature beats as a predictor of mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1999;353: Julian DG, Camm AJ, Frangin G, et al, for the European Myocardial Infarct Amiodarone Trial Investigators. Randomised trial of effect of
8 1190 Circulation September 7, 2004 amiodarone on mortality in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction after recent myocardial infarction: EMIAT. Lancet. 1997;349: La Rovere M, Bigger JT, Marcus FI, et al, for the ATRAMI (Autonomic Tone and Reflexes After Myocardial Infarction) Investigators. Baroreflex sensitivity and heart-rate variability in prediction of total cardiac mortality after myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1998;351: Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Circulation. 1996;93: Welch PD. The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation of power spectra: a method based on time averaging over short, modified periodograms. IEEE Trans Audio Electroaccoust. 1967;15: Veerman DP, Imholz BPM, Wieling W, et al. Effects of ageing on blood pressure variability in resting conditions. Hypertension. 1994;24: Guzzetti S, Dassi S, Pecis M, et al. Altered pattern of circadian neural control of heart period in mild hypertension. J Hypertens. 1991;9: Molgaard H, Hermansen K, Bjerregaard P. Spectral components of short-term RR interval variability in healthy subjects and effects of risk factors. Eur Heart J. 1994;15: Takalo R, Korhonen I, Turjanmaa V, et al. Frequency shift in baroregulatory oscillation in borderline hypertensive subjects. Am J Hypertens. 1997;10: Wichterle D, Melenovsky V, Simek J, et al. Cross-spectral analysis of heart rate and blood pressure modulations. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2000;23: Lanting P, Faes TJC, Heimans JJ, et al. Spectral analysis of spontaneous heart rate variations in diabetic patients. Diabet Med. 1990; 7: Takalo R, Korhonen I, Majahalme S, et al. Circadian profile of lowfrequency oscillations in blood pressure and heart rate in hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 1999;12: La Rovere MT, Pinna GD, Maestri R, et al. Short-term heart rate variability strongly predicts sudden cardiac death in chronic heart failure patients. Circulation. 2003;107:
20 ng/ml 200 ng/ml 1000 ng/ml chronic kidney disease CKD Brugada 5 Brugada Brugada 1
Symposium 39 45 1 1 2005 2008 108000 59000 55 1 3 0.045 1 1 90 95 5 10 60 30 Brugada 5 Brugada 80 15 Brugada 1 80 20 2 12 X 2 1 1 brain natriuretic peptide BNP 20 ng/ml 200 ng/ml 1000 ng/ml chronic kidney
More informationHRV and Risk Stratification: Post-MI. Phyllis K. Stein, Ph.D. Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO
HRV and Risk Stratification: Post-MI Phyllis K. Stein, Ph.D. Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO Outline Research vs. clinical Holter scanning. Caveats in interpretation of published
More informationIn the 2002 American College of Cardiology/American
Risk Stratification After Acute Myocardial Infarction by Heart Rate Turbulence Petra Barthel, MD; Raphael Schneider, Dipl Ing; Axel Bauer, MD; Kurt Ulm, PhD; Claus Schmitt, MD; Albert Schömig, MD; Georg
More informationImplantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy in MADIT II Patients with Signs and Symptoms of Heart Failure
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy in MADIT II Patients with Signs and Symptoms of Heart Failure Wojciech Zareba Postinfarction patients with left ventricular dysfunction are at increased risk
More informationSudden death as co-morbidity in patients following vascular intervention
Sudden death as co-morbidity in patients following vascular intervention Impact of ICD therapy Seah Nisam Director, Medical Science, Guidant Corporation Advanced Angioplasty Meeting (BCIS) London, 16 Jan,
More informationNoninvasive Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Death
2011 년순환기관련학회춘계통합학술대회 Noninvasive Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Death 영남대학교의과대학순환기내과학교실신동구 Diseases associated with SCD Previous SCD event Prior episode of ventricular tachyarrhythmia Previous myocardial
More informationArbolishvili GN, Mareev VY Institute of Clinical Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
THE VALUE OF 24 H HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN PREDICTING THE MODE OF DEATH IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE AND SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION IN BETA-BLOCKING BLOCKING ERA Arbolishvili GN, Mareev VY Institute of Clinical
More informationHeart Rate and Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in Heart Transplant Recipients
ESC Congress 2011 Paris 27-31 August Heart Rate and Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in Heart Transplant Recipients M.T. La Rovere, F. Olmetti, G.D. Pinna, R. Maestri, D. Lilleri, A. D Armini, M. Viganò,
More informationHeart Rate Variability in Heart Failure and Sudden Death
Heart Rate Variability in Heart Failure and Sudden Death Phyllis K. Stein, PhD Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO Outline Effect of erratic rhythm and sinus bigemeny on HRV. Traditional,
More informationHRV ventricular response during atrial fibrillation. Valentina Corino
HRV ventricular response during atrial fibrillation Outline AF clinical background Methods: 1. Time domain parameters 2. Spectral analysis Applications: 1. Evaluation of Exercise and Flecainide Effects
More informationROLE OF THE SIGNAL ECG IN RISK STRATIFICATION OF SCD. An overview
ROLE OF THE SIGNAL ECG IN RISK STRATIFICATION OF SCD. An overview Nabil El-Sherif, MD SUNY - Downstate Medical Center & New York harbor VA Healthcare System Brooklyn, NY, USA Signal Averaged ECG: A Selective
More informationSupplemental Material
Supplemental Material Supplemental Results The baseline patient characteristics for all subgroups analyzed are shown in Table S1. Tables S2-S6 demonstrate the association between ECG metrics and cardiovascular
More informationArrhythmias Focused Review. Who Needs An ICD?
Who Needs An ICD? Cesar Alberte, MD, Douglas P. Zipes, MD, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Sudden cardiac arrest is one of the most common causes
More informationPrognostic Implications of Baroreflex Sensitivity in Heart Failure Patients in the Beta-Blocking Era
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 53, No. 2, 2009 2009 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/09/$36.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.09.034
More informationSignal-Averaged Electrocardiography (SAECG)
Medical Policy Manual Medicine, Policy No. 21 Signal-Averaged Electrocardiography (SAECG) Next Review: April 2018 Last Review: April 2017 Effective: May 1, 2017 IMPORTANT REMINDER Medical Policies are
More informationFrequency Domain Analysis of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Among the Resident Population of North Eastern Hilly Regions of West Bengal
Indian Journal of Biomechanics: Special Issue (NCBM 7-8 March 9) Frequency Domain Analysis of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Among the Resident Population of North Eastern Hilly Regions of West Bengal Ankur
More informationMortality in Patients After a Recent Myocardial Infarction
Mortality in Patients After a Recent Myocardial Infarction A Randomized, -Controlled Trial of Using Heart Rate Variability for Risk Stratification A. John Camm, MD; Craig M. Pratt, MD; Peter J. Schwartz,
More informationNon-invasive sudden death risk stratification
Non-invasive sudden death risk stratification Roberto F.E. Pedretti, Simona Sarzi Braga Division of Cardiology, IRCCS S. Maugeri Foundation, Scientific Institute of Tradate, Tradate (VA), Italy Key words:
More informationAre they reproducible in Heart Failure Patients? the Heart Rate Turbulence Indexes
Are they reproducible in Heart Failure Patients? the Heart Rate Turbulence Indexes G. CORBI 1, G. D'ADDIO 2, N. FERRARA 1,2, CESARELLI M 3 1 Dpt of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Molise via
More informationPolypharmacy - arrhythmic risks in patients with heart failure
Influencing sudden cardiac death by pharmacotherapy Polypharmacy - arrhythmic risks in patients with heart failure Professor Dan Atar Head, Dept. of Cardiology Oslo University Hospital Ullevål Norway 27.8.2012
More informationEctopic Beats, Activity Effects and Heart Rate Turbulence
HRV 2006 Ectopic Beats, Activity Effects and Heart Rate Turbulence Gari Clifford gari@mit.edu www.mit.edu/~gari/ Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology Outline Overview of Cardiovascular
More informationMeasuring autonomic activity Heart rate variability Centre for Doctoral Training in Healthcare Innovation
Measuring autonomic activity Heart rate variability Centre for Doctoral Training in Healthcare Innovation Dr. Gari D. Clifford, University Lecturer & Director, Centre for Doctoral Training in Healthcare
More informationSummary, conclusions and future perspectives
Summary, conclusions and future perspectives Summary The general introduction (Chapter 1) of this thesis describes aspects of sudden cardiac death (SCD), ventricular arrhythmias, substrates for ventricular
More informationThe Immediate Reproducibility of T Wave Alternans During Bicycle Exercise
Reprinted with permission from JOURNAL OF PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Volume 25, No. 8, August 2002 Copyright 2002 by Futura Publishing Company, Inc., Armonk, NY 10504-0418. The Immediate Reproducibility
More informationJournal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 44, No. 7, by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN /04/$30.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 44, No. 7, 2004 2004 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/04/$30.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.06.063
More informationPrognostic value of nonlinear heart rate dynamics in hemodialysis patients with coronary artery disease
Kidney International, Vol. 64 (2003), pp. 641 648 Prognostic value of nonlinear heart rate dynamics in hemodialysis patients with coronary artery disease HIDEKATSU FUKUTA, JUNICHIRO HAYANO, SHINJI ISHIHARA,
More informationHeart Rate Variability Analysis Using the Lomb-Scargle Periodogram Simulated ECG Analysis
Page 1 of 7 Heart Rate Variability Analysis Using the Lomb-Scargle Periodogram Simulated ECG Analysis In a preceding analysis, our focus was on the use of signal processing methods detect power spectral
More informationDo All Patients With An ICD Indication Need A BiV Pacing Device?
Do All Patients With An ICD Indication Need A BiV Pacing Device? Muhammad A. Hammouda, MD Electrophysiology Laboratory Department of Critical Care Medicine Cairo University Etiology and Pathophysiology
More informationLogit and Fuzzy Models in Data Analysis: Estimation of Risk in Cardiac Patients
Physiol. Res. 59 (Suppl. 1): S89-S96, 2010 Logit and Fuzzy Models in Data Analysis: Estimation of Risk in Cardiac Patients P. HONZÍK 1, L. KŘIVAN 2, P. LOKAJ 2, R. LÁBROVÁ 2, Z. NOVÁKOVÁ 3, B. FIŠER 3,
More informationEXPERT CONSENSUS DOCUMENT
EXPERT CONSENSUS DOCUMENT American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation/Heart Rhythm Society Scientific Statement on Noninvasive Risk Stratification Techniques for Identifying Patients
More informationQT dispersion and RR variations on 12-lead ECGs in patients with congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
European Heart Journal (1996) 17, 258-263 QT dispersion and RR variations on 12-lead ECGs in patients with congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy L. Fei, J. H. Goldman,
More informationSPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF LIFE-THREATENING CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF LIFE-THREATENING CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS Vessela Tzvetanova Krasteva, Irena Ilieva Jekova Centre of Biomedical Engineering Prof. Ivan Daskalov - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Acad.G.Bonchev
More informationVariability of Phase Shift Between Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Fluctuations A Marker of Short-Term Circulation Control
Variability of Phase Shift Between Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Fluctuations A Marker of Short-Term Circulation Control Josef Halámek, PhD; Tomáš Kára, MD; Pavel Jurák, PhD; Miroslav Sou ek, MD, PhD;
More informationPrediction of sudden death in heart failure patients: a novel perspective from the assessment of the peak ectopy rate
Europace (2007) 9, 385 390 doi:10.1093/europace/eum050 Prediction of sudden death in heart failure patients: a novel perspective from the assessment of the peak ectopy rate Aldo Casaleggio 1, Roberto Maestri
More informationUC San Diego UC San Diego Previously Published Works
UC San Diego UC San Diego Previously Published Works Title Abnormal heart rate turbulence predicts the initiation of ventricular arrhythmias Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4847v0bk Journal
More informationICD. Guidelines and Critical Review of Trials. Win K. Shen, MD Professor of Medicine Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Mayo Clinic Arizona Torino 2011
ICD Guidelines and Critical Review of Trials Win K. Shen, MD Professor of Medicine Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Mayo Clinic Arizona Torino 2011 Disclosure Relevant Financial Relationship(s) None Off
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF SCREENING TOOL TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC DEFIBRILLATOR (ICD) RECEIVER
DEVELOPMENT OF SCREENING TOOL TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC DEFIBRILLATOR (ICD) RECEIVER Tan Wei Kiat a, Megalla Packrisamy a, M. B Malarvili b,a Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering,
More informationOnline Appendix (JACC )
Beta blockers in Heart Failure Collaborative Group Online Appendix (JACC013117-0413) Heart rate, heart rhythm and prognostic effect of beta-blockers in heart failure: individual-patient data meta-analysis
More informationMARS Ambulatory ECG Analysis The power to assess and predict
GE Healthcare MARS Ambulatory ECG Analysis The power to assess and predict Connecting hearts and minds Prevention starts with knowledge Around the world, heart disease is one of our fastest-growing health
More informationRita Calé, Miguel Mendes, António Ferreira, João Brito, Pedro Sousa, Pedro Carmo, Francisco Costa, Pedro Adragão, João Calqueiro, José Aniceto Silva.
Peak Circulatory Power : a new parameter of cardiopulmonary exercise testing to predict arrhythmic events in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator for primary prevention Rita Calé, Miguel
More informationAutonomic nervous system, inflammation and preclinical carotid atherosclerosis in depressed subjects with coronary risk factors
Autonomic nervous system, inflammation and preclinical carotid atherosclerosis in depressed subjects with coronary risk factors Carmine Pizzi 1 ; Lamberto Manzoli 2, Stefano Mancini 3 ; Gigliola Bedetti
More informationHeart-rate Variability Christoph Guger,
Heart-rate Variability Christoph Guger, 10.02.2004 Heart-rate Variability (HRV) 1965 Hon & Lee Fetal distress alterations in interbeat intervals before heart rate (HR) changed 1980 HRV is strong and independent
More informationT-Wave Alternans. Policy # Original Effective Date: 06/05/2002 Current Effective Date: 09/17/2014
Applies to all products administered or underwritten by Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana and its subsidiary, HMO Louisiana, Inc.(collectively referred to as the Company ), unless otherwise provided
More informationJournal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 41, No. 12, by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN /03/$30.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 41, No. 12, 2003 2003 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/03/$30.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(03)00467-4
More informationPrimary prevention ICD recipients: the need for defibrillator back-up after an event-free first battery service-life
Chapter 3 Primary prevention ICD recipients: the need for defibrillator back-up after an event-free first battery service-life Guido H. van Welsenes, MS, Johannes B. van Rees, MD, Joep Thijssen, MD, Serge
More informationNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CLINICAL EXCELLENCE
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CLINICAL EXCELLENCE Implantable cardioverter defibrillators for the treatment of arrhythmias and cardiac resynchronisation therapy for the treatment of heart failure (review
More informationResearch Article Increase of Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Induced by Blood Pressure Measurements during Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
Hindawi Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine Volume 217, Article ID 5235319, 5 pages https://doi.org/1.1155/217/5235319 Research Article Increase of Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Induced
More informationComparison of clinical trials evaluating cardiac resynchronization therapy in mild to moderate heart failure
HOT TOPIC Cardiology Journal 2010, Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 543 548 Copyright 2010 Via Medica ISSN 1897 5593 Comparison of clinical trials evaluating cardiac resynchronization therapy in mild to moderate heart
More informationPrognostic Value of Heart Rate Turbulence for Risk Assessment in Patients with Unstable Angina and Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Dominican University of California Dominican Scholar Collected Faculty and Staff Scholarship Faculty and Staff Scholarship 8-2013 Prognostic Value of Heart Rate Turbulence for Risk Assessment in Patients
More informationSynopsis of Management on Ventricular arrhythmias. M. Soni MD Interventional Cardiologist
Synopsis of Management on Ventricular arrhythmias M. Soni MD Interventional Cardiologist No financial disclosure Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC) Ventricular Bigeminy Ventricular Trigeminy Multifocal
More informationHEART RATE VARIABILITY MEASUREMENTS DURING EXERCISE TEST MAY IMPROVE THE DIAGNOSIS OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
HEART RATE VARIABILITY MEASUREMENTS DURING EXERCISE TEST MAY IMPROVE THE DIAGNOSIS OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE J. Mateo 1, P. Serrano 2, R. Bailón 1, J. García 1, A. Ferreira 2, A. Del Río 2, I. J. Ferreira
More informationThe International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision,
AHA/ACCF/HRS Scientific Statement American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation/Heart Rhythm Society Scientific Statement on Noninvasive Risk Stratification Techniques for Identifying
More informationVolume 141, UTILITY OF SHORT-TERM HEART RATE VARIABILITY FOR PREDICTION OF SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Volume 141, 1998 69 UTILITY OF SHORT-TERM HEART RATE VARIABILITY FOR PREDICTION OF SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION Josef Kautzner a, Petr Šťovíček b, Zdeněk Anger b, Jarmila Šavlíková
More informationThe noninvasive identification of individuals at risk for
Analysis of 12-Lead T-Wave Morphology for Risk Stratification After Myocardial Infarction Markus Zabel, MD; Burak Acar, PhD; Thomas Klingenheben, MD; Michael R. Franz, MD, PhD; Stefan H. Hohnloser, MD;
More informationMeasures of heart rate variability in women following a meditation
1 de 6 06/02/2011 19:45 Journal List > Int J Yoga > v.3(1); Jan Jun 2010 Int J Yoga. 2010 Jan Jun; 3(1): 6 9. doi: 10.4103/0973-6131.66772. PMCID: PMC2952123 Copyright International Journal of Yoga Measures
More informationPreventing Sudden Death Current & Future Role of ICD Therapy
Preventing Sudden Death Current & Future Role of ICD Therapy Derek V Exner, MD, MPH, FRCPC, FACC, FAHA, FHRS Professor, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta Canada Research Chair, Cardiovascular Clinical
More informationMeta-analysis of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator secondary prevention trials
European Heart Journal (2000) 21, 2071 2078 doi.10.1053/euhj.2000.2476, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Meta-analysis of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator secondary prevention
More informationAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a disorder seen
This Just In... An Update on Arrhythmia What do recent studies reveal about arrhythmia? In this article, the authors provide an update on atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmia. Beth L. Abramson,
More informationPause-induced Ventricular Tachycardia: Clinical Characteristics
Pause-induced Ventricular Tachycardia: Clinical Characteristics Margaret Bond A. Study Purpose and Rationale Until three decades ago, ventricular arrhythmias were thought to be rare in occurrence and their
More informationDialysis-Dependent Cardiomyopathy Patients Demonstrate Poor Survival Despite Reverse Remodeling With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Dialysis-Dependent Cardiomyopathy Patients Demonstrate Poor Survival Despite Reverse Remodeling With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Evan Adelstein, MD, FHRS John Gorcsan III, MD Samir Saba, MD, FHRS
More informationRelationship between body mass index, coronary disease extension and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Relationship between body mass index, coronary disease extension and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome Helder Dores, Luís Bronze Carvalho, Ingrid Rosário, Sílvio Leal, Maria João
More informationThe autonomic nervous system may play an important
Preoperative Heart Rate Variability Predicts Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Bypass Grafting Takeshi Kinoshita, MD, Tohru Asai, MD, PhD, Takako Ishigaki, Tomoaki Suzuki, MD, PhD, Atsushi Kambara, MD,
More informationLa strategia diagnostica: il monitoraggio ecg prolungato. Michele Brignole
La strategia diagnostica: il monitoraggio ecg prolungato Michele Brignole ECG monitoring and syncope In-hospital monitoring Holter Monitoring External loop recorder Remote (at home) telemetry Implantable
More informationJournal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 37, No. 2, by the American College of Cardiology ISSN /01/$20.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 37, No. 2, 2001 2001 by the American College of Cardiology ISSN 0735-1097/01/$20.00 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. PII S0735-1097(00)01133-5 Coronary
More informationChapter 3. Eur Heart J 2009; 30:
Recurrence of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Ischemic Secondary Prevention ICD Recipients: Long-term Followup of the Leiden Out-of- Hospital Cardiac Arrest Study (LOHCAT) C. Jan Willem Borleffs, MD 1, Lieselot
More informationHeart Rate Turbulence: Standards of Measurement, Physiological Interpretation, and Clinical Use
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 52, No. 17, 2008 2008 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/08/$34.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.07.041
More informationWhat Every Physician Should Know:
What Every Physician Should Know: The Canadian Heart Rhythm Society estimates that, in Canada, sudden cardiac death (SCD) is responsible for about 40,000 deaths annually; more than AIDS, breast cancer
More informationHeart rate variability and respiratory sinus arrhythmia assessment of affective states by bivariate autoregressive spectral analysis
Heart rate variability and respiratory sinus arrhythmia assessment of affective states by bivariate autoregressive spectral analysis The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share
More informationSilvia G Priori MD PhD
The approach to the cardiac arrest survivor Silvia G Priori MD PhD Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri Pavia, Italy AND Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Genetics
More informationOriginal Article Fragmented QRS as a Predictor of Appropriate Implantable Cardioverter-defibrillator Therapy
4 Original Article Fragmented QRS as a Predictor of Appropriate Implantable Cardioverter-defibrillator Therapy Sirin Apiyasawat, Dujdao Sahasthas, Tachapong Ngarmukos, Pakorn Chandanamattha, Khanchit Likittanasombat
More information» A new drug s trial
» A new drug s trial A placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel arm Trial to assess the efficacy of dronedarone 400 mg bid for the prevention of cardiovascular Hospitalization or death from any cause
More informationDifferences in the Slope of the QT-RR Relation Based on 24-Hour Holter ECG Recordings between Cardioembolic and Atherosclerotic Stroke
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Differences in the Slope of the QT-RR Relation Based on 24-Hour Holter ECG Recordings between Cardioembolic and Atherosclerotic Stroke Akira Fujiki 1 and Masao Sakabe 2 Abstract Objective
More informationCME Article Brugada pattern masking anterior myocardial infarction
Electrocardiography Series Singapore Med J 2011; 52(9) : 647 CME Article Brugada pattern masking anterior myocardial infarction Seow S C, Omar A R, Hong E C T Cardiology Department, National University
More informationCorporate Medical Policy
Corporate Medical Policy File Name: Origination: Last CAP Review: Next CAP Review: Last Review: signal_averaged_ecg 7/1992 10/2017 10/2018 10/2017 Description of Procedure or Service Signal-averaged electrocardiography
More informationRe: National Coverage Analysis (NCA) for Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (CAG R4)
December 20, 2017 Ms. Tamara Syrek-Jensen Director, Coverage & Analysis Group Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services 7500 Security Boulevard Baltimore, MD 21244 Re: National Coverage Analysis (NCA) for
More informationCharacteristics of the atrial repolarization phase of the ECG in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients and controls
672 Acta Cardiol 2015; 70(6): 672-677 doi: 10.2143/AC.70.6.3120179 [ Original article ] Characteristics of the atrial repolarization phase of the ECG in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients and controls
More informationThe Therapeutic Role of the Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia
The Therapeutic Role of the Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia By Sandeep Joshi, MD and Jonathan S. Steinberg, MD Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology
More informationJournal of Clinical and Basic Cardiology
Journal of Clinical and Basic Cardiology An Independent International Scientific Journal Journal of Clinical and Basic Cardiology 2003; 6 (Issue 1-4), 23-27 Prognostic Significance of Short-Period Heart
More informationPrediction of Life-Threatening Arrhythmia in Patients after Myocardial Infarction by Late Potentials, Ejection Fraction and Holter Monitoring
Prediction of Life-Threatening Arrhythmia in Patients after Myocardial Infarction by Late Potentials, Ejection Fraction and Holter Monitoring Yu-Zhen ZHANG, M.D.,* Shi-Wen WANG, M.D.,* Da-Yi Hu, M.D.,**
More informationMEDICAL POLICY POLICY TITLE T-WAVE ALTERNANS TESTING POLICY NUMBER MP
Original Issue Date (Created): August 23, 2002 Most Recent Review Date (Revised): September 24, 2013 Effective Date: November 1, 2013 I. POLICY T-wave alternans is considered investigational as a technique
More informationDiabetes Care 34: , 2011
Pathophysiology/Complications O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Reflex and Tonic Autonomic Markers for Risk Stratification in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Surviving Acute Myocardial Infarction PETRA BARTHEL,
More informationAnger-Induced T-Wave Alternans Predicts Future Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 53, No. 9, 2009 2009 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/09/$36.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.10.053
More informationAtrial fibrillation: why it's important to make opportunities diagnosis in single chamber ICD patients
ADVANCES IN CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS and GREAT INNOVATIONS IN CARDIOLOGY Turin October 13-15, 2016 Atrial fibrillation: why it's important to make opportunities diagnosis in single chamber ICD patients Dott.
More informationReview Article Non-Linear Heart Rate Variability and Risk Stratification in Cardiovascular Disease
www.ipej.org 210 Review Article Non-Linear Heart Rate Variability and Risk Stratification in Cardiovascular Disease Phyllis K. Stein, Ph.D., Anand Reddy, M.D. Washington University School of Medicine,
More informationMicrovolt T-Wave Alternans and the Risk of Death or Sustained Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 47, No. 2, 2006 2006 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/06/$32.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.11.026
More informationClinical and Electrocardiographic Characteristics of Patients with Brugada Syndrome: Report of Five Cases of Documented Ventricular Fibrillation
J Arrhythmia Vol 25 No 1 2009 Original Article Clinical and Electrocardiographic Characteristics of Patients with Brugada Syndrome: Report of Five Cases of Documented Ventricular Fibrillation Seiji Takashio
More informationThe Role of Ventricular Electrical Delay to Predict Left Ventricular Remodeling With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
The Role of Ventricular Electrical Delay to Predict Left Ventricular Remodeling With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Results from the SMART-AV Trial Michael R. Gold, MD, PhD, Ulrika Birgersdotter-Green,
More informationCarlo Budano. Closed loop physiological stimulation: from the pacemaker patient to the patient with an ICD
Closed loop physiological stimulation: from the pacemaker patient to the patient with an ICD Carlo Budano Dipartimento Cardiovascolare Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino Physiological rate regulation
More informationEvidence of Baroreflex Activation Therapy s Mechanism of Action
Evidence of Baroreflex Activation Therapy s Mechanism of Action Edoardo Gronda, MD, FESC Heart Failure Research Center IRCCS MultiMedica Cardiovascular Department Sesto S. Giovanni (Milano) Italy Agenda
More informationImpaired Chronotropic Response to Exercise Stress Testing in Patients with Diabetes Predicts Future Cardiovascular Events
Diabetes Care Publish Ahead of Print, published online May 28, 2008 Chronotropic response in patients with diabetes Impaired Chronotropic Response to Exercise Stress Testing in Patients with Diabetes Predicts
More informationSUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH - A PREDICTABLE, AVOIDABLE AND TREATABLE EVENT? *
Proc. R. Coll. Physicians Edinb. 1998; 29:350-356 SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH - A PREDICTABLE, AVOIDABLE AND TREATABLE EVENT? * Jennifer Adgey, P.W. Johnston and T.P. Mathew, Regional Medical Cardiology Centre,
More informationEfficacy of beta-blockers in heart failure patients with atrial fibrillation: An individual patient data meta-analysis
Efficacy of beta-blockers in heart failure patients with atrial fibrillation: An individual patient data meta-analysis Dipak Kotecha, MD PhD on behalf of the Selection of slides presented at the European
More informationDIFFERENCE-BASED PARAMETER SET FOR LOCAL HEARTBEAT CLASSIFICATION: RANKING OF THE PARAMETERS
DIFFERENCE-BASED PARAMETER SET FOR LOCAL HEARTBEAT CLASSIFICATION: RANKING OF THE PARAMETERS Irena Ilieva Jekova, Ivaylo Ivanov Christov, Lyudmila Pavlova Todorova Centre of Biomedical Engineering Prof.
More informationSignificance of QRS duration in non-st elevation myocardial infarction.
Thomas Jefferson University Jefferson Digital Commons Cardiology Faculty Papers Department of Cardiology 5-6-2015 Significance of QRS duration in non-st elevation myocardial infarction. Chinualumogu Nwakile
More informationComplexity of cardiovascular control in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients is related to disease duration
Complexity of cardiovascular control in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients is related to disease duration 1,2, Laura Dalla Vecchia 1, Kalliopi Marinou 1, Gabriele Mora 1, Alberto Porta 3,4 ¹ IRCCS
More informationShocks burden and increased mortality in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients
Shocks burden and increased mortality in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients Gail K. Larsen, MD, MPH,* John Evans, MD, William E. Lambert, PhD,* Yiyi Chen, PhD,* Merritt H. Raitt, MD* From
More informationMEDICAL POLICY SUBJECT: MICROVOLT T-WAVE ALTERNANS
MEDICAL POLICY PAGE: 1 OF: 6 If the member's subscriber contract excludes coverage for a specific service it is not covered under that contract. In such cases, medical policy criteria are not applied.
More informationTherapeutic Targets and Interventions
Therapeutic Targets and Interventions Ali Valika, MD, FACC Advanced Heart Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension Advocate Medical Group Midwest Heart Foundation Disclosures: 1. Novartis: Speaker Honorarium
More informationICD THERAPIES: are they harmful or just high risk markers?
ICD THERAPIES: are they harmful or just high risk markers? Konstantinos P. Letsas, MD, PhD, FESC LAB OF CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY EVANGELISMOS GENERAL HOSPITAL ATHENS ICD therapies are common In a meta-analysis
More informationUse of Signal Averaged ECG and Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in Antiarrhythmic Therapy of Patients with Ventricular Tachycardia
October 1999 513 Use of Signal Averaged ECG and Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in Antiarrhythmic Therapy of Patients with Ventricular Tachycardia G.M. KAMALOV, A.S. GALYAVICH, N.R. KHASSANOV,
More information