ANVESHANA ROLE OF GUDUCHI IN VATARAKTA A REVIEW

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1 ANVESHANA Review Article AYURVEDA MEDICAL JOURNAL ISSN: ROLE OF GUDUCHI IN VATARAKTA A REVIEW Prasanna V. Savanur Prof. & HOD, Dept. of Dravyaguna N. K. Jabshetty Ayurvedic Medical College, Bidar, Karnataka, India Corresponding Author: drpvsavanur@hotmail.com ABSTRACT Several drugs are indicating in one disease and one drug is attributed with several pharmaceutical actions such description are often reflection of vagueness. The efforts for therapeutic gradation of drug will provide vertical vision and deeper explicate understanding of subject. We come across many cases of vatarakta in day today life. The modern medicine will give instant relief and also is short lived, in such conditions Ayurvedic treatments is more effective and long lasting. By reviewing some samhitas and Nighantus, we come across the reference of Guduchi indication in vatarakta in the form of single and compound formulations. Key words: Guduchi, Vatarakta INTRODUCTION The knowledge of Ayurveda herbs is ever progressive since times immemorial. In Vedic literature herbal drugs were just prayed and praised for their therapeutic uses, subsequently classifications and therapeutic gradation of drugs have been dealt in Ayurveda. It is aimed that denoting best drug or drug of choice. I think drug of choice not only fulfill that aim with this to know how the drug does the samprapti vighatana is necessary. It is the time to advance the science of Dravyaguna. Here several drugs are indicating in one disease and one drug is attributed with several pharmaceutical actions such description are often reflection of vagueness. The efforts for therapeutic gradation of drug will provide vertical vision and deeper explicate understanding of subject. We come across many cases of vatarakta in day today life. The modern medicine will give instant relief and also is short lived, in such conditions Ayurvedic treatments is more effective and long lasting. By reviewing some samhitas and Nighantus, we come across the reference of Guduchi indication in vatarakta in the form of single and compound formulations. Aims & Objectives 1) Study of Guduchi. 2) Study of Nidanapanchaka of vatarakta. 3) Role of Guduchi in vatarakta. Drug review Drug Name- Guduchi Latin name- Tinospora cordifolia wrilld meirs. Ganas: Vayasthapana, Dahaprashamana, Trushnanigrahana, Stanyashodhana, Truptighna. (C) Guduchyadi, Patoladi, Aragwadhadi, Kakolyadi, Vallipanchamula (S) Kula: Guduchi kula Family- Menispermaceae

2 Vernacular names- Hindi Giloy; Kannada- Amritaballi; Tamil- Chindil; Telugu- Tippteege; Malayalam- Amrytu Synonyms: Tantrika, Amritavallari, Kundali, Varieties- Guduchi, Kandodbhava Chemical composition: Giloin, Giloinin, Volatile oils, fatty acids, berberine and wax like substances are found. Mandali, Chinnaruha, Chakralakshanika, Habitat: All over India. Madhuparni. Botanical description: Properties: Guna - Laghu,snigdha. It is a creeper climbing over the trees Rasa - Tikta,kashaya. like mango, neem etc. The stem is covered Vipaka - Madhura. by transparent layer and can be peeled off. Veerya - Ushna. It has many tentacles hanging down leaves Prabhava - Vishaghna. heart shaped individualized, pointed at the tip and slimy flowers are small yellow, flower appearing in clusters. Fruits-been shaped, appearing red on ripening and flourish in cold and moderate climate. Karma and Upayoga Dosha- Tridoshashamaka, Pittasaraka. External uses: Acts as kusthaghna, vedanasthapaka and its Guduchyadi oil is used in common skin conditions and vatarakta. Table 1: Internal uses of Guduchi Sansthana Karma Prayoga Pachana sansthana Trushnanigrahana Trushna, Chardi, Agnimandya, Shoola, chardinigrahana Yakritvikara, Kamala, Amlapitta, pravahika Deepana, pachana, Grahani, Krimi pittasaraka, Anulomana, Krimighna. Raktavaha sansthana Hridya, Raktashodhaka Hridourbalya blood Raktavardhaka disorders like vatarakta pandu etc. Shwasanavaha sansthana Kaphaghna Kasa Prajanana sansthana Vrushya Shukradourbalya. Mootravata sansthana Pramehara Madhumeha. Twacha Kusthaghna Kustha, visarpa. Temperature Jwaraghna, Dahaprashamane Used in jwara improves appetite increases strength Satmikarana Rasayana Dourbalya, kashaya. Useful part - Stem and root Dosage - Kwatha: ml. Churna : 3-6g Satva: 1-2g Yogas: Acharya charaka- Guduchyadi taila, Amritadiya taila; Acharya sushruta Guduchi Kashaya; Yogaratnakara- Amrita guggulu, Amritadighrita, avaleha also mentioned about guduchiyoga long term use of guduchi will cure vatarakta completely. These are the guduchi yogas mentioned in vatarakta context. Review of vatarakta: Definition: Vatarakta can be defined as, the condition in which the aggravated vata is obstructed in its course (path) by aggravated rakta and this obstructed vata is once again vitiate rakta and produces vatarakta. Synonyms: Vatashonita, Vatabalasa, Khudavata, Adyavatam. Table 2: Nidana of Vatarakta Nidana Ahara Vihara Vataprakapaka Rakta prakopak Kashaya, katu, tikta, Ruksha, shuska. Ahara Alpa bhojana and Anashane Lavana, Amla, Katu, Kshara, snigdha Ahara. Klinna, Anupa mamsa sevana. Tila, muli, kulatha, masha sevana, Dadhi, kanji, souvira takra, asava sevana virudha Ahara and Ajeerna bhojana Hasti Ushtra, Ashwa savari, swimming. Excessive walking in Grishmarutu. Atimaithuna, vegadharana Ratrijagarana Krodha Divashayana. AAMJ / Vol. 1 / Issue 4 / July Aug

3 Anya- Sthoolata, sukamarata and Avyayama. Samprapti: Due to above mentioned nidana both rakta and vata get vitiated. This rakta obstructs the passage of vata and thus obstructed vata further vitiates the rakta, result in samprapti of vatarakta. Due to Nidana Vitiation of vata and rakta Vitiated rakta obstructes vata Obstructed vata further vitiate rakta Vatarakta Roopa: Uttana Pratyatma lakshana of vatarakta: Vatarakta sometimes it starts from pada moola, sometime from kara moola and spread all over the body like the visha of mushaka. Purva rupa: Asweda or Atisweda karshny, sparshaagnatvam. Kshate Atiruk, Sandi saithilya, Alasya, sadana, pidakodgama, Gurutvam, nistoda, spurana, kandu, vaivarnata and Mandala. Table 3: Dwividhabhedas of vatarakta Kandu, Daha, Ruja, Anvita, overlying skin becomes syavarakta or tamravarna Gambeera Shotha, stabdhata, pain inside the shotha, syavatamra varna twacha, Daha, spurana, pakavam in the joints. Vataja Raktaja Pittaja Kaphaja Dwandvaja, sannipataja Table 4: Astavidha bhedas of vatarakta Sira ayama, excessive pain, spurana, toda, swelling is rough, blackish, it sometimes aggravates, sometimes, reduces there will be contraction in dhamani, anguli, sandhi aversion to cold. Swelling, pain, kandu, Toda and kleda will present in the joints. Vidaha, vedana, moorcha, sweda, Trushna, ushma, mada, Brama, Raga, Bhedavat shoola, shosha. Staimitya, Gourava, snigdhata, supti, mandaruk. Both these would exhibit the laxanas of combination of the respective dosha. 1) Dwividha bhedas 2) Astavidha bheda Sadya Asadyatva of Vatarakta: Sadya-Eka doshaja, nava Yapya-Dvidoshaja Asadya-Tridoshaja, samprasravi, vivarnata, Stabdam, Arbuda, upadravayukta, Angasankocha, Indriya tapa. Upadrava: Aswapna, Aruchi, Swasa, Mamsakhota, Shirograha, Hicca, Daha, Moorcha, Mada,Vedana, Jwara, Moha, Marmagnatam, panguta, uisarpa, paka, toda, Angulivakrata, Sphota Arbuda. Chikitsa: Acharya charaka mentioned for uttana vatarakta Alepa, Abhyanga, parisheka, upanaha. For Gambeera vatarakta, virechana, niruhabasti, snehapana. In vatapradhana- Ghrita, taila, vasa and majja pana, abhyanga, anuvasana bast, upanaha. Table 5: Bhedas of vatarakta 1) Uttana 2) Gambhira 1) vataja, 2) Raktaja 3) Pittaja 4) Kaphaja, 5) Vata pittaja 6) Vatakaphaja 7) Kaphapittaja 8) Sannipataja In Rakta pittapradhana- virechana, ghritapana, dugdhapana, parisheka, anuvasana, shectala daha shamaka pralepa. In kaphaprashana- Mrudu vamana, sneha, parisheka langhana, ushnalepa. Yogaratnaka said in vatarakta chikitsa adhyaya long term use of guduchi, swarasa, kalka, churna or kwatha will cure vatarakta completely. Pathya Apathya: Pathya- Puranayava, Godhuma, Shashtikashali, Mamsarasa, Mudga, Masura, Yusha, dugdha. Apathya- Divaswapna, Santapa, Vyayama, Maithna, Katu, Lavana, Amlarasa, Guru, Abhishyandi Ahara. AAMJ / Vol. 1 / Issue 4 / July Aug

4 DISCUSSION Interpretation of Rasapanchaka of Guduchi: Table 6: Guna of Guduchi Sl No Laghu Snigdha 1 Panchamahabhuta composition Agni + Vayu Pritvi + Ap 2 Rasa Tikta, Katu Madhura 3 Physical character Lightness Unctaous 4 Vipaka katu Madhura 5 Effect on doshas Kaphashamaka Vatahara 6 Effect on Dhatus -- Dhatavardhaka 7 Effect on Malas -- Mala vriddhi 8 Effect on Agni Laghupaki Agni vardhaka 9 Utility is treatment Rakshana, Langhana Snehana Brimhana Table 7: Rasa of Guduchi Tikta Kashaya Guna Ruksha, Sheeta laghu Ruksha, Sheeta laghu Karma Deepana, Pachana, Rochana, Krimighna, Jwaraghna, Vishaghna Stambhana, Ropana, Sandhaniya. Dosha Prabhava Kaphapittahara kaphapittahara Table 8: Veerya of Guduchi Karma Doshakarma Ushna Dahana, Pachana, Swedana, Virechana, Vilayana, Bhramana Kaphavatahara, Shamana, Table 9: Madhura Vipaka of Guduchi 1 Properties Snigdha, guru 2 Effect on dhoshas Enhances kapha, decreases vatapitta 3 Effect on Dhatus Improve dhatus,sukrala 4 Effect on Malas Increase quantity of stools Discussion on Vatarakta: Vatarakta produces from the vitiated vata and rakta, Acharya charaka sushruta considered it is one of the vatavyadhi, but sushruta mentioned in vatavyadhi whereas charaka explained separately because this vyadhi having different nidanas, vishesha doshadushya sammurchera and different chikitsa. Acharya charaka has given synonyms as vatashonita, Khudavata, Adyavata and vatabalasa. Vatashonita- It produces from the dushita vata and rakta. Khudavata- Here khuda means sandhi and kshudra, so it affects in smaller joints so the name khudavata. Adyavata- Because adya vyakt s are prone to get this disease. Vatabalasa- In this disease rakta vitiates from avrata vata When we discuss about nidans here we get ubhaya nidans means doshaprokapaka and vyadhi utpadaka hetus. Kashay katu tikta ruksha aharas, hashyadi, yana, vitiates vata. Lavana, amla, katu, kshara, tila, muli, kulatha, krodha, vidahi anna vitiates rakta these are the definite causes for doshaprakopa and vyadhiutpatti When we discuss about samprapti, vataprakopaka raktaprakopaka, margavarodha nidanas and annavidaha vitiates rakta and vata. Due to sukshma guna of vata, drava, sara gunas of rakta, both vata and rakta moves all over the body, while passing through the sandi kara and pada due to vakrata of sandi the flow of vata and rakta gets obstructed thus obstructed rakta and vata produces vatarakta. Acharya charaka mentioned 2 types. They are Dwividha and astavidha bhedas. In Dwividha bhedas if the doshas ashraya in twacha and mamsa i.e. uttana vatarakta. If doshas ashraya in rakta, sandi, asthi, majja i.e. Gambira vatarakta. Whereas Susruta says, there is no two types and he considered those two types are the two avasthas of vatarakta they are uttana and avagada. In asthavidha vibhaga AAMJ / Vol. 1 / Issue 4 / July Aug

5 of vatarakta happens only, when the vatarakta become pittanubandi or kaphanubandi or both. Samprapti ghatakas: 1) Dosha- Vatapradana tridodhaja 2) Dushya- Rakta,mamsa and majja. 3) Srotas- Raktavaha, mamsavaha and majjavaha. 4) Udbhavasthana-Pakwashaya 5) Sanchara- Sarva shareera 6) Adhisthan- Sandhi-Kshudra sandhis. Samprapti vighatana of guduchi in vatarakta: 1) Effect of Rasapanchaka on dosha: The snigdha guna, Ushna veerya and madhura vipaka of Guduchi mitigates the vitiated vata. The tikta kashaya rasa and madhura vipaka mitigate the vitiated pitta and laghu guna, kashya tikta rasa and ushna veerya mitigates kapha. 2) Dushya: Tikta, kashyaya rasa, madhura vipaka of guduchi mitigates vitiation of rakta dhatu. Table 10: Karma of guduchi on vatarakta lakshanas 3) Srotas: Ushna veerya, snigdhaguna and madhura vipaka of guduchi eliminate the avarana of rakta leading to the srotashodhana and sanganirharana. 4) Udbhava sthana: As the vatarakta is the pakwashaya samutha vyadhi. The madhura vipaka ushna veerya and snigdha guna of guduchi will prevent the aggravation of vata in pakwashyaya and it maintains the equilibrium states of agni, preventing the anna vidaha and rakta dhusti. 5) Sanchar: The snigdha guna and ushna veerya of guduchi does vikasana of srotas and pachana at srotosang and allow the rakta to flow in the normal path. 6) Adhisthana: The vitiated vata and rakta adhered to kha - vaigunyata of srotas in kara padamula. The snigdha guna removes the rukshata of srotas, whereas the ushna veerya carries the srotovikasana. Rasa Guna Veerya Vipaka Toda Ushna Sira akunchana Snighda Ushna Madhura Sandi stabdata Tikta, Kashaya Laghu Ushna Kandu Tikta Laghu Ushna Daha Snighda Madhura Twak Paka Tikta, Kashaya Madhura CONCLUSION Vatarakta produces from vitiated vata and rakta. Vatarakta starts with smaller joints and then spreads to other joints. By above review and discussion it can be concluded that Guduchi is choice of drug in vatarakta. REFERENCES 1. Pandey Kashinath, Chathurvedi Ghorakhnathji, Charaka Samhitha, Vidhyotini tika (vol 1, II), Varanasi, Choukumba Bharathi Academy, Chunekar K. C, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Edited-2013, Varanasi, Choukumba Bharati Prakashan, Panday Gyanendra, Dravya Guna Vijnan, Varanasi,Choukumba Krishnadas Academy, Yadunandana Upadhyaya, Madhava Nidana of Madhavakara, 5 th ed, Varnasi, Choukamba Vishwabharati: Acharya Y T Acharya NR Sushruta Samhita of Sushrutha,7 th ed, Varnasi, Choukamba Orientalia:2004 How to cite this article: Prasanna V. Savanur. Role of Guduchi in Vatarakta A Review. AAMJ 2015; 1: Source of Support: Nil. Conflict of Interest: None declared AAMJ / Vol. 1 / Issue 4 / July Aug