VETIVER SYSTEM FOR BEACH EROSION REHABILITATION

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1 VETIVER SYSTEM FOR BEACH EROSION REHABILITATION Paul Truong - TVNI Technical Director All materials in this document remain the property of TVNI. Permission must be obtained for their use. Copyright /12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 1

2 Some examples of Vetiver planting for erosion control and landscaping on beach and estuary around the world Left: China, Sea wall protected by vetiver - 100% salt water fish pond. Where planted there was no breaching by cyclones Right: Vetiver protected this beach cliff interface on Alabama Bay (brackish water), USA 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 2

3 India: Chennai Beach Resort Landscaping and sand blast control 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 3

4 Landscaping and sand blast control 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 4

5 At planting and six months later Landscaping and sand blast control 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 5

6 Ten months after planting Very simple maintenance 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 6

7 Philippines: Vetiver planting to protect the bank of Abra River estuary against flood erosion and tidal surge One year after planting, the bank was successfully stabilised 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 7

8 Philippines Vetiver planting to protect the estuary bank against beach erosion and tidal surge 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 8

9 Philippines Vetiver planting to prevent sand drift 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 9

10 Vetiver planting to prevent sand drift 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 10

11 Brazilian Beach The Riviera de São Lourenço Bertioga, Sao Paolo is an upmarket coastal residential resort of Brazil, with more than 2,500 houses and over 220 buildings between six and ten floors and a large Riviera Shopping Center operating with 50 stores 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 11

12 Beach Erosion Erosion of beach dune protected by Sweet Grass - Paspalum maritimum. Deflor Bioengineering / Paula Pereira 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 12

13 Beach Erosion Erosion of beach dune protected by Sweet Grass - Paspalum Maritimum. 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 13

14 Beach Erosion Erosion of beach dune protected by Sweet Grass - Paspalum maritimum, 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 14

15 Traditional Solution In 2008 the initial solution was to build a rip rap using raffia bags filled with a mixture of soil-cement in the proportion of 12% cement and 88% of local soil Although this measure worked partially, it had very low landscape appeal for an urbanized condominium settlement on Brazil number one beach. Eventually, due to concerns of the local Community Association and environment authorities, who wanted a most environmentally friendly method for the region, which lead to the search of a new concept of beach protection combined with landscaping. 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 15

16 Solution Selection The selection committee looked for a beach protection technology that is sustainable, with low establishment, operating and maintenance cost and green, which can be incorporated to local landscaping. The following technologies were considered: Traditional hard engineering methods: Rock riprap, Rock mattresses, Rock groyne, Concrete pile wall were considered but rejected for high cost and unsustainability. Bio-engineering methods: Native vegetation and Marram grass was rejected as it is not effective in protecting eroding sandy beach. Bio-engineering with Vetiver grass: Using Cocologs in low risk area and wooden palisade in high risk area to increase security factor of the structure anticipating sea level rise due to climate change in the future. 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 17

17 Cocologs in low risk area Wooden palisade in high risk area to increase security factor of the structure anticipating sea level rise in the future. 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 18

18 Project Implementation Cocologs in low risk area, with biodegradable jutemesh to protect sand surface during vetiver establishment phase 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 19

19 Wooden palisade in high risk area, before and after biodegradable jutemesh installation. 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 20

20 July /12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 21

21 November months after planting 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 22

22 January months after planting 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 23

23 January months after planting 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 24

24 March months after planting 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 25

25 March 2010 Regrowth after maintenance trimming 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 26

26 March years after planting 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 27

27 April 2015 : 8 years after planting 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 28

28 April 2015 : 8 years after planting Beautifully maintained for erosion control and landscaping 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 29

29 Additional benefit : Control of sand drift 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 30

30 Storm Surges The highest tides in Brazilian coast usually occur during August and September. In September 2009, there were some major sea storm surges leading to strong surf and wave hitting the site just six weeks after the installation of stage one. These storm surges badly damaged Vetiver plants in the first hedgerow but they recovered naturally. 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 31

31 Strong surf and wave bent the first few Vetiver hedgerows 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 32

32 Badly damaged Vetiver plants in the front rows but they recovered naturally. 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 33

33 No soil loss occurred in the first 3 Vetiver rows at the worst area where the waves hit 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 34

34 Frontal view of the beach showing Vetiver integrated completely to landscaping. 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 35

35 Beach view showing Vetiver completely integrated to landscaping. 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 36

36 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION After the failure of mitigating coastal erosion through the use of a native grass and later through the construction of soil cement rip rap, the planting of Vetiver grass, associated with sediment retainers and biodegradable blanket was very successful. It was a low cost and effective technique to control erosion and prevent landscape destruction during strong surf and high tides. The strong and deep roots of Vetiver were able to bind the coastal sandy soil. Vetiver has also proved its tolerance to long term exposure to salinity. Two year after installation recolonization of native vegetation of herbaceous and grasses, demonstrating the quality of the recovery process of the site, with soil biodiversity and stability. The stability of this site nine years after implementation proves that Vetiver System is a very sustainable and green solution to the beach erosion problem along the Brazilian coast line. 12/12/17 THE VETIVER NETWORK INTERNATIONAL 37

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