Extraction and Evaluation of Trigonella Foenum graecum Linn & Linum usitatissimum Seed Mucilage

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1 Global Journal of Pharmacology 8 (4): 50-54, 204 ISSN IDOSI Publications, 204 DOI: /idosi.gjp Extraction and Evaluation of Trigonella Foenum graecum Linn & Linum usitatissimum Seed Mucilage Shubham Verma, Nitin Kumar and Pramod K Sharma Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, G. B. Nagar. U. P. (India) Abstract: Herbal or plant products are now used as an alternative to synthetic products due to its local accessebility and non toxic behaviour. The main aim of this study was undertaken to isolate and evaluate the mucilage from Trigonella foenum graecum L. and Linum usitatissimum and explore it as pharmaceutical excipients. Phytochemical characterization of Trigonella foenum graecum L. and Linum usitatissimum such as bulk and tapped densities, ph, swelling index, angle of repose Carr s index and Hausner s ratio were studied. Solubility behaviour of both isolated mucilages and identification tests for carbohydrates, gum, mucilage, fats and oil were also studied. Key words: Alasi Extraction Methi Mucilage Natural Excipients INTRODUCTION vegetables and also functions as a preservative and added to pickles. The riped fenugreek seeds have some Nowadays herbal products are more often used medicinal use such as in treatment of dysentery, instead of synthetic products because of its bio- dyspepsia, enlargement of liver, diabetes and chronic compatibility, bio-degradability, inertness, non-toxicity, cough [5, 6]. Linum usitatissimum seeds are also known local accessibility, stability and low prices compared to as linseed, flaxseed and alasi in Hindi. It belongs to synthetic products. Mucilages and gums obtained from linaceae family. Seeds of Linum usitatissimum is used to natural source have been extensively used as make medicines. It is mainly used in constipation, pharmaceutical ingredients for their binding, thickening, diarrhoea, irritable bowel syndrome and in diverticulitis. stabilizing, humidifying, disintegrating and release Flaxseed is also used in atherosclerosis and hypertension controlling properties in medicines [, 2]. It is also used in [7]. Linseed is one of the richest sources of á-linolenic cosmetics, textiles and paints [3]. Novel drug delivery acid and soluble mucilage. systems have the intention to produce effective drug therapy with better patient compliance by using herbal MATERIALS AND METHODS excipients. In drug delivery systems, investigations on natural polymers are mainly centered on polysaccharides The seeds were procured from local market of Greater and proteins, due to their ability to produce a wide range Noida, India and all other chemicals are used of analytical of materials and properties based on their molecular grade. structures [4]. Mucilages and gums are extracted from many seeds, plants and fruits such as fenugreek, Extraction of Mucilage[8]: Mucilage was extracted from linseed, tamarind seed, albizia gum and cashew gum etc. the plant material in following two steps. The seeds of Trigonella foenum graecum L. also known as fenugreek seed or methi in Hindi. It is an herbaceous Step. Extraction of Mucilage: Trigonella foenum plant of leguminaceae or fabaceae family. The seeds of graecum L. and Linum usitatissimum seeds were used for Trigonella foenum graecum L. are also used as isolation of mucilage. Corresponding Author: Shubham Verma, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, G. B. Nagar. U. P. India. Tel: , Mob:

2 Seeds Washed Dried at room temperature Boiled in water Release of mucilage in water Squeesed using muslin cloth Remove marc from filtrate Keep in refrigerator for cooling Step 2: Isolation of mucilage: Filtrate +Ethyl alcohol (:) distilled water. The swelling index is the volume in ml occupied by gm of the substance. The swelling indices of the selected mucilages were determined by accurately weighing gm of mucilages, which was further introduced into a 25 ml glass stoppered measuring cylinder then 25 ml of distilled water was added and the mixtures were shaken thoroughly every 0 min for hr and then allowed to stand for 24 hrs at room temperature. Then volumes occupied by the mucilages were measured. The procedure was repeated thrice then the mean value was calculated [2]. Bulk & Tapped Densities: The pre-weighed quantities of mucilages were poured in graduated cylinders and the volume recorded. Then the powders were subjected to tapping in a bulk density apparatus until constant volume were obtained [3]. Powder Compressibility and Hausner s Ratio: Powder compressibility is also known as Carr s index. Carr s index and Hausner s ratio were calculated from the bulk and tapped densities [4]. Precipitation of mucilage Separation of mucilage using muslin cloth Dried in oven (50 o C) Powder Physicochemical Characterization of Isolated Mucilages Organoleptic Evaluation of Isolated Mucilage: The isolated mucilage was characterized for organoleptic properties such as color, odor, fracture and texture [9, 0]. Identification Tests for Carbohydrate, Fat, Gum and Mucilage: Aqueous solution of extracted mucilage was used for chemical characterization. Tests for carbohydrate, gums, fat and mucilage were performed according to standard procedure. ph of Mucilages: The mucilage was weighed and dissolved in water to get a % w/v solution. The ph of solution was determined using digital ph meter []. Swelling Index of Isolated Mucilages: The swelling characteristics of Trigonella foenum graecum L. and Linum usitatissimum seed mucilages were tested in Powder Flow Property: It is also known as angle of repose. The angle of repose was determined by the fixed height funnel method [4]. Infrared Spectra of the Isolated Mucilages: Hundred milligrams of the powdered pectin was mixed with potassium bromide (400 mg) and was compressed in a hydraulic press to form a pellet at 5 tons pressure. The pellets were scanned from 4000 to 400 cm in a bruker FTIR spectrophotometer [5]. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Trigonella foenum graecum L. and Linum usitatissimum were isolated by hot water extraction method and then subjected to identification. Confirmation of mucilage was done when it gave negative result for gums and flavanoids. Isolated mucilage also showed presence of carbohydrates and remaining phytoconstituents such as tannins and fats were absent. These results considered as a proof for purity of isolated mucilage. The organoleptic properties of the isolated mucilages were depicted in table in which colors of both isolated mucilages were found to be light brown with characteristic taste. 5

3 Fig. : FTIR Spectroscopy of Trigonella foenum graecum L. Frequency(cm ) Assignment 3654 O-H stretch C-H C-H C=C C-H Bend C-H Rock C-H Bend out of plane Fig. 2: FTIR Spectroscopy of Linum usitatissimum Frequency(cm ) Assignment O-H Stretch C-H C-H C=C C=O C-H bend 52

4 Table : Organoleptic properties of isolated mucilages Parameter Fenugreek Linseed Color Light Brown Light Brown Odor Odorless Odorless Taste Characteristic Characteristic Fracture Rough Rough Texture Rough & Irregular Rough & Irregular ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Authors are highly thankful to Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India for providing library facility during literature survey. Table 2: Micromeritic studies of isolated mucilages Results Parameters Fenugreek Linseed Bulk density(gm/ml) 0.66± ±0.02 Tapped density(gm/ml) 0.94± ±0.02 Yield(%) Bulkiness.48± ±0.034 Carr s index 28.2± ±2.23 Ash Value (%) Water-soluble Ash (%) Acid-soluble Ash (%) Hausner s ratio.39± ±0.052 ph o Angle of repose ( ) Swelling index (%) The phs of both isolated mucilages (Trigonella foenum graecum L. and Linum usitatissimum) were found to be 7.9 & 7.0 respectively and both mucilages having good flow property. Micromeretic studies of isolated mucilages like bulk density, tapped density, Carr s index etc were carried out and depicted in Table 2. The solubility behaviour of both mucilages were carried out using different solvents by which it was found that both isolated mucilages are soluble in hot water and swells to form gel in cold water and both isolated mucilages are insoluble in acetone, ethyl alcohol, methanol and chloroform. IR spectroscopic study revealed the presence of characteristics group in the extracted mucilage of Trigonella foenum graecum L. and Linum usitatissimum which are depicted in Fig- and Fig-2 respectively. CONCLUSION From the above study, we conclude that Trigonella foenum graecum L. and Linum usitatissimum seed mucilages can be used as a pharmaceutical excipients to prepare different dosage forms and also concluded from both isolated mucilages that fenugreek mucilage have good flow property than linseed mucilage. REFERENCES. Patel, D.M., D.G. Prajapati and N.M. Patel, Seed mucilage from Occimum americanum Linn. As disintegrant in tablets: Separation and Evaluation. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 69(3): Razavi, S.M.A., S.A. Mortazavi, L. Merino, S.H. Parvar, A. Motamedzadegan and E. Khanipour, Optimization study of gum extraction from Basil seeds (Ocimum basilicum L.). International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 44: Malviya, R., P. Srivastava and G.T. Kulkarni, 20. Applications of mucilages in drug delivery-a Review. Advances in Biological Research, IDOSI Publications, 5(): Sheth, N.S., N.V. Shah and N.C. Sha, 200. Extraction of mucilage from Occimum americanum Linn and its role as disintegrant in tablets formulation. Journal of Global Pharma Technology, 2(2): Petropoulos, G.A., Botany. In G. A. Petropoulus (Ed.) Fenugreek: The genus Trigonella, London: Taylor and Francis, pp: Abdul-barry, J.A., I.A. Abdul-Hassan and M.A. Al- Hakein, 997. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects of Trigonella Foenum-graceum leaf in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacol, 58: Pan, A., J. Sun and Y. Che, Effects of a flaxseedderived lignan supplement in type 2 diabetic patients: a double-blind, cross-over trial. webmd.com/ vitamins-supplements/ ingredientmono-99 FLAXSEED. aspx? active Ingredient Id= 99& active IngredientName=FLAXSEED (Accessed on 8 Jan 204) 8. Harborne, J.B., 998. Sugars and their derivatives in Phytochemical methods: A guide to modern techniques rd of plant analysis. 3 ed. London: Chapman & Hall, pp: Kokate, C.K., A.P. Purohit and S.B. Gokhale, th Pharmacognosy. 24 ed. Pune: Nirali Prakashan. 53

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