Available Online through

Transcription

1 ISSN: X CODEN: IJPTFI Available Online through Research Article PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF LANTANA CAMARA 1 Suhas Londhe *, 1 Mr.D.G.Baheti, 2 Bahugunachary Biroju 1 Department of Pharmacology, SitabaiThite College of Pharmacy, Shirur, Pune Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Nishka Labs, Uppal, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. sslondhe@gmail.com Received on Accepted on Abstract Development of anthelmintic resistance and high cost of conventional anthelmintic drugs led to the evaluation of medicinal plants has an alternative source of anthelmintics. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anthelmintic activity of the leaves of Lantana Camara, family, Bignoniaceae extract using adult earthworm, Pheritima posthuma. The methanolic extract of the crude drug at concentrations of 20 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml, 60 mg/ml, 80 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml were tested, which involve determination of paralysis time and death time. It was found that the extract exhibited significant dose dependent anthelmintic activity. Piperazine citrate in same concentration as that of extract was included as standard reference. Key words: Anthelmintic activity, Piperzine citrate, Earthworm, Lantana Camara. Introduction The use of medicinal plant is growing worldwide because of the increasing toxicity and allergic manifestations of the synthetic drugs. Helminth infections are among the most common infections in man, affecting a large proportion of the world s population 1. This infection can affect most populations in endemic areas with major economic and social consequences 2. A range of medicinal plants with anthelmintic properties is widely used by traditional healers, but still there is need for research into medicinal plant claim to be effective in the management of Helminth infection. Lantana camara is a heavily branched shrub that can grow in compact clumps, dense thickets or as a climbing vine. The plant is Antidiabetic, Antiseptic, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic, Carminative, Anti-spasmodic, Diphoretic and is useful for cuts, wounds, ulcers, swelling, tumours and rheumatism. Evaluation of fresh, powdered and anatomical IJPT July-2013 Vol. 5 Issue No Page 5530

2 sections of the leaves was carried out to determine the morphological, microscopical and phytochemical profiles. Leaves of L.camaraLinn.are dark green with characteristic odour, opposite, blade ovate, 4-10cm long, with coarse surfaces and toothed margins. Experimental Material and methods Plant Material: Collection: The Leaves of L.Camara was collected from Sitabai Thite College Of Pharmacy Shirur, Pune. Campus cleaned and dried at room temperature in shade, away from direct sunlight and coarsely powdered in grinder. Large difference in particle size of crude drug results in long extraction time as the coarse particles increases the extraction time and fine may form bed, so the powdered material was sieved through mesh to remove fine and the powder was subjected for further study. Preparation of extract The powdered material was subjected to soxhlet extraction with various solvents ranging from non-polar to polar. The solvents used were petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water. Each time before extraction with next solvents the marc was air-dried. All the extracts were concentrated by distilling the solvent at low temperature. They were then weighed and percentages of different extractive values were calculated with respect to air-dried substance. Methanolic extract was selected for anthelmintic activity on the basis of phytochemical screening and literature survey. Phytochemical procedure The preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract of Lantana Camara was carried out in order to ascertain the presence of its constituents by utilizing standard conventional protocols 8. Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 10(4), Animals Indian adult earthworms (Pheritima posthuma) were used to study anthelmintic activity. The earthworms were collected from moist soil and washed with normal saline to remove all fecal matter. Drug and chemicals: The drug piperazine citrate purchased from commercial sources and all other chemicals were of analytical grade. IJPT July-2013 Vol. 5 Issue No Page 5531

3 Antihelmintic activity: Adult earthworm Pheritima posthuma were collected (due to its anatomical and physiological resemblance with the intestinal roundworm parasites of human being9,10) from moist soil, obtained from agricultural fields. Three test groups were taken each containing six earth worms of approximately equal size (8 ± 1 cm). Piperazine citrate was taken as standard drug and different concentrations (20 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml, 60 mg/ml, 80 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml) were prepared in normal saline containing 5% DMF The methanolic Lantana Camara leaves extract of different concentrations were prepared by dissolving in minimum quantity of DMF and making up to the final volume with normal saline to obtain 20 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml, 60 mg/ml, 80 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml concentrations. One of the groups is taken as control group, which was treated with normal saline containing 5% DMF. Paralysis onset time and death time of individual worms were noted. Paralysis was said to occur when the worms do not revive even in normal saline. Death was concluded when the worms lost their motility followed by fading away of color of worm. Results and Discussion Preliminary phytochemical screening studies revealed the presence of flavonoids,glycosides, steroids, alkaloids and Saponins. Some of these phytoconstituents may be responsible to show a potent anthelmintic activity. The data in Table 1 reveal that the methanolic leaves extract of the Lantana Camara showed significant anthelminthic activity compared to the standard. From the above study, it was observed that themethanolic extract showed dose dependent anthelmintic activity as compared to a standard drug piperazine citrate. The mean paralyzing time of Pheritima posthuma with the concentrations 20, 40, 60, 80,100 mg/ml of methanolic Lantana Camara leaves extract and standard piperazine citrate were found to be 17.60, 11.94, 10.60, 09.08, and 07.55, 03.67, 02.29, 02.94, minutes, respectively. Table-1: Anthelmintic activity of methanolic Lantana camara leaves extract. Sr. No. Test Concentrations Paralysis onset Death time (mg/ml) time (min) (min) 1 Control Methanolic ± ±1.13 Lantana Camara leaves extract ± ±1.13 IJPT July-2013 Vol. 5 Issue No Page 5532

4 3 Piperazine citrate Suhas Londhe* et al. International Journal Of Pharmacy & Technology ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± TIME (min) CONCENTRATION (mg/ml) Standard Sample Fig1:Comparison of paralysis time of standard & sample at different conc TIME (min) CONCENTRATION (mg/ml) Standard Sample Fig2: Comparison of Death time of standard & sample at different conc. IJPT July-2013 Vol. 5 Issue No Page 5533

5 Conclusion In conclusion, the data (Table 1 and Graph 1 & 2) reveal that methanolic leaves extract of Lantana Camara was effective at all concentrations tested against the Standard drug, Piperazine citrate in causing the death of earthworms. Further studies are necessary to isolate the active compound in the crude extract of Lantana Camara responsible for activity. Acknowledgement The Authors are very thankful to the Principal Dr. D. G. Baheti, Sitabai Thite College of Pharmacy, Shirur for providing generous support for this work. Reference 1. A.V.BadrinathK.MallikuarjnaRao, C.Madhu Sudan Chetty, S.Ramakanth,T.V.S.Rajan.K.Gnanaprakash 2010, A review on in-vitro Antioxidant method: comparision,correlation and consideration, International journal of CODEN (USA): IJPRIF ISSN: Pharma tech research, Vol.2, No.2, Adailkan, P.G. and Gauthaman, K. (2001): The Aging Male 4: Agarwal, A., (2005):Pharma Times 37(6): AryaVaidyasala Kottakal,(1996), Indian Medicinal Plant. Volume5.P.P(13) 5. Ashwinikumar A.Raut, Sudha Sunder, SubrataSarkar, Nancy S.Pandita,Ashok D.B. Vidya. Preliminary study on crystal dissolution activity of RotulaaquaticaCommiphorawightii and Boerhaavia diffuse extracts, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan's Swami Prakashananda Ayurveda Research Centre, 2008, Fitoterapia 79, Chatterjee, I. Chakravarty, A.K. and Gomesa A. (2006): Br.J. Ethnopharmacol106(1); Chatterjee, I., Chakravarty, A.K. and Gomes,A. (2004): Indian J. ExpBiol 42; Christiana, A.J.; M. Priyamole; P. Moorthy (July August 2002). "Studies on the antilithic effect of Rotulaaquatica Lour in male Wistar rats". Methods & Findings in Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology24 (6): Ghangale G. D.*, Tambe R.Y., Gaykar A.J., Dama G.Y SGMSPM s Sharadchandra Pawar College of Pharmacy, Dumbarwadi, Otur, Dist- Pune Maharashtra. IJPT July-2013 Vol. 5 Issue No Page 5534

6 10. BK Gidwani1* Sushil Bhargava2, SP Rao2, A Majoomdar2, DP Pawar1, RN Alaspure Sharad Pawar College of Pharmacy, Wanadongri, Hingna Road, Nagpur Ganesh T1, Saikat Sen2*, et,al, 1Department of Phytopharmacy and Phytomedicine, J.K.K. Munirajah Medical Research FoundGanesh T1, SaikatSen2*, et,al, 1Department of Phytopharmacy and Phytomedicine, J.K.K. Munirajah Medical Research Foundation, at College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu , India 12. Khandelwal, KR: Practical Pharmacognosy, Techniques and Experiments, 11th edition, Pune:NiraliPrakashan, Jitendra Patel, G.S. Kumar, Md. Shamim Qureshi and P.K. Jena: Anthelmintic activity of Ethanolic extract of whole plant of Eupatorium Odoratum. L. International Journal of Phytomedicine.2010; 2: Oyedapo OO, Sab FC, and Olagunju JA: Bioactivity of fresh leaves of Lantana camara. Biomedical Letters.1999; 59: Liogier HA: Plantasmedicinales de Puerto Rico y del Caribe. Iberoamericana de Ediciones,Inc., San Juan, 1990; Herzog, Farah FZ, and Amado R: Composition and consumption of gathered wild fruits in the V-Baoule, Cote d Ivoire. Ecology of Food and Nutrition.1994; 32(3-4): Corresponding Author: Suhas Londhe *, sslondhe@gmail.com IJPT July-2013 Vol. 5 Issue No Page 5535