Efficacy of Some Botanicals in Controlling Fruit Borer (Heliothis armigera) in Tomato

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1 Academic Journal of Entomology 8 (): 40-49, 05 ISSN IDOSI Publications, 05 DOI: 0.589/idosi.aje Efficacy of Some Botanicals in Controlling Fruit Borer (Heliothis armigera) in Tomato Smriti Sultana Binte Mustafiz, Md. Tazul Islam Chowdhury and Ayesha Akter Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan and Deputy Manager, Bangladesh Sugar and Food Industries Corporation Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh Abstract: The experiment was conducted to evaluation of some botanical pest management practices such as neem oil, neem leaf extract, garlic extract and marsh pepper extract against Fruit borer in tomato during the period from November 007 to April 008. The results revealed that applying of neem m/l of water at three days interval showed better performance in respect to control of Fruit borer in Tomato than the other treatments. The highest number of total fruit per plant (.0), number of healthy fruit per plant (.44) as well as the lowest number of infested fruit (0.7) was obtained when the crop was treated with neem m/l of water at three days interval. The highest yield (66.80 tones) was recorded when the crop was treated with neem m/l of water at three days interval. The controlling of tomato fruit borer were highest against the effectiveness of neem m/l of water at three days interval in different stage of plant growth but other treatments with neem leaf extract, garlic extract were less effective in controlling the pests. The poor performance was found in neem oil and marsh pepper while these treatments have large interval. The other treatments like neem leaf extract and garlic extract also showed better performance in relation to all concern parameters comparing with neem oil and marsh pepper. Key words: Neem oil. Pesticides Botanical pest management practices INTRODUCTION []. Tomato fruit borer is a versatile and widely distributed polyphagous insect, belonging to the family Noctuidae of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) belongs to the order Lepidoptera. It has been reported to infest 8 the family Solanaceae is one of the most popular and cultivated and uncultivated plant species in India, important vegetable crop. Tomato is susceptible to insect distributed in 45 families [4]. They bore circular holes and attack from seedling to fruiting stage. All parts of the thrust only a part of their body inside the fruit and eat the plant including leaves, stems, flowers and fruits are contents. If the fruit is bigger in size, it is only partly subjected to attack. This crop is attacked by different damaged by the caterpillar but later it is invariably species of insects in Bangladesh. Among them tomato invaded by fungi bacteria and spoiled completely. In fruit borer Heliothis armigera (Hub.) is one of the major Bangladesh, few research works have been done mainly pests of tomato []. Damage by this pest may be up to on pesticide approaches for the management of tomato % []. With the increasing threat of resistance in insect pests. Use of botanical extract against pest control Heliothis armigera towards a wide range of pesticides, is however as a recent approach to insect management the necessity to design future pest management strategies and it has drawn the special attention of the Entomologist to control this pest becomes more apparent. Tomato fruit all over the world. In Bangladesh, only a few attempts borer Heliothis armigera (Hub.) has been identified as a have been made to evaluate botanical extracts against major pest of tomato in many countries of the world and insects [5]. Many researchers reported botanical extracts cause damage to the extent of about per cent fruits having pesticide properties and thus having potential to Corresponding Author: Md. Tazul Islam Chowdhury, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Cell:

2 Acad. J. Entomol., 8 (): 40-49, 05 be used against many pests. It would help to avoid was.0 m.5 m. The distance between two blocks and environmental pollution caused by chemicals and thus two plots were.0 m and 0.5 m, respectively. become most rewarding one is our existing socioeconomic conditions and environmental threat. It was Preparation of the Main Field: The selected experimental found that Lepidopteran insect is possible to control by field was opened in the First week of November 006 with botanical substances. Weekly spray application of the a power tiller and was exposed to the sun for a week for extract of neem seed kernel has been found to effective sun drying. After one week the land was harrowed, against Helicoverpa armigera [5]. The leaf extract of ploughed and cross-ploughed several times followed by neem tested against the leaf caterpillar of brinjal, Selepa laddering to obtain a good condition for the growth of docilis Bult. at 5% concentration had a high antifeedent tomato seedlings. Weeds and stubbles were removed and activity [6]. finally obtained a desirable tilth of soil. The experimental In light of the above back ground, the research work field was partitioned into the unit plots in accordance with has been undertaken to know the extent of damage the experimental design. against different botanical pesticides against fruit borer pest of tomato and the effect of different botanical Application of Manure and Fertilizers: Well decomposed pesticides on yield and yield contributing characters of cowdung as per treatment was applied at the time of final tomato to estimate the economics of tomato cultivation land preparation. The sources of fertilizers used for N, P with different botanicals. and K were urea (500 kg/ha), TSP (400 kg/ha), MP (00 kg/ha), respectively (Rashid, 99). The entire amounts of MATERIALS AND METHODS TSP, MP were applied during final land preparation. Only urea was applied in three equal installments at 0 and 45 The experiment was conducted in the experimental and 60 Days after planting (DAT). field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from November 007 to Intercultural Operation and Irrigation: After April 008 to evaluate some botanical pest management establishment of seedlings, various intercultural practices against pest complex in tomato. The materials operations were accomplished for better growth and and methods used for conducting the experiment were development. Light over-head irrigation was provided presented in this chapter under the following headings- with a watering can to the plots immediately after germination of seed. Irrigation was also applied two times Planting Materials: In this research work, the seeds of considering the moisture status of field. tomato of the variety BR- (Ratan) were sown in seed bed. The seedlings were the farm product of Sher-e-Bangla Data Collection: The data were recorded on the incidence Agricultural Farm and the age of the seedling was 0 days of fruit borer infested shoots, infested and healthy fruit during transplanting. and yield contributing characters and yield of tomato. Treatments of the Experiment: The experiment comprised with eight treatments. The details of the treatments were presented below: T : Neem leaf extract ( days interval), T : Neem leaf extract (7 days interval), T : Neem oil ( days interval), T 4: Neem oil (7 days interval), T 5: Garlic extract ( days interval), T 6: Marsh Pepper extract ( days interval), T 7: Marsh Pepper extract (7 days interval), T 8: Untreated control. Design and Layout of the Experiment: The experiment was laid out at Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The layout of the experiment was prepared for distributing the treatment combinations in each plot of each block. There were 4 unit plots altogether in the experiment. The size of the plot Fruit Borer Infestation: Total number of fruits and infested fruits were recorded at each harvest and continued up to the last harvest. Infested fruits recorded at each observation were pooled and finally expressed in percentage. The damaged fruits were spotted out by the presence of holes made by the larvae. The percentage of fruit borer infested fruits was calculated using the following formula: Number of infested fruits % fruit borer infested fruit (by number) = x 00 Total number of fruits Weight of infested fruits % fruit borer infested fruit (by weight) = x 00 Total weight of fruits 4

3 Statistically Analysis: The data obtained for different characters were statistically analyzed to find out the significance for different treatments. The analysis of variance was performed by using MSTAT Program. The significance of the difference among the treatment combinations means was estimated by DMRT (Duncan s Multiple Range Test) at 5% level of probability (Gomez and Gomez, 984). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Acad. J. Entomol., 8 (): 40-49, 05 Plant Height: Plant height varied significantly for different treatments. Highest plant height (88.5 cm) was recorded from the treatment Neem oil at days interval (T ) which was closely followed (85.79 cm) by the treatment Marsh Pepper extract (T 6), while the lowest plant height (67.6 cm) was recorded from untreated control which was closely followed (75. cm) by the treatment T (Figure ). Number of Flower Bunch per Plant: Different botanical pest management practices showed significant variation for number of flower bunch per plant. Highest number of bunch per plant (0.) was recorded from the treatment Neem oil at days interval (T ) which was closely followed (9.67) by the treatment T 6. On the other hand, the lowest number of bunch per plant (7.67) was recorded from untreated control (T 8) which was closely followed (8.) by the treatment T (Figure ). Different botanical pest management practices showed significant variation for single fruit weight. Highest fruit weight (6. g) was recorded from the treatment T which was closely followed (9.67 g) by the treatment T 6. On the other hand, the lowest fruit weight (00. g) was recorded from untreated control which was closely followed (.00 g) by the treatment T (Figure ). Fig. : Effect of different botanical pest management practices, treatment T-T8 on plant height of tomato Fig. : Effect of different botanical pest management practices (treatment T-T8) on flower per bunch of tomato Fruiting Status of Tomato at Early Stage Healthy Fruit in Number: At early stage, statistically significant variation was recorded in number of healthy and infested fruit, % infestation at early fruiting stage in controlling tomato fruit borer for different botanical pest management practices under the present trial. Highest number of healthy fruit per plant (9.58) was recorded from Fig. : Effect of different botanical pest management practices (treatment T-T8) on single fruit weight of tomato (7 days interval) and Garlic extract ( days interval) the treatment Twhich was statistically identical (9.07 and healthy fruits were recorded (Range from 7.7%-8.4%). 9.0) with the treatment T and T 6, respectively (Table ). The lowest % of infested fruit in number (.77%) was On the other hand, the lowest (6.70) number of recorded from the treatment T which was statistically healthy fruit was recorded from untreated control which similar (.40% and.55%) with the treatment T 6 and T, was closely followed (7.48) by the treatment T. From respectively. On the other hand, the highest % of infested treatment Neem oil (7 days interval), Marsh Pepper extract fruit in number (.7%) was recorded from untreated 4

4 Acad. J. Entomol., 8 (): 40-49, 05 Table : Effect of some botanical pest management practices in controlling tomato fruit borer at early harvesting stage in terms of fruits per plant in number and weight Tomato fruit in number Tomato fruit in weight (g) Treatment Healthy Infested % infestation Increase over control (%) Healthy Infested % infestation Reduction over control (%) T 9.07 ab 0.4 c.55 c b 50. e 5.74 bc T 7.48 cd 0.6 b 7.76 b bc 80.5 b 9.46 ab 8.59 T 9.58 a 0.7 c.77 c a.8 f.5 c 69.7 T4 7.7 c 0.55 b 6.6 b bc c 8.5 abc 6.59 T5 8.4 bc 0.50 b 5.95 b bc 5. e 6. abc 47. T6 9.0 ab 0. c.40 c a 5.9 e 5.57 bc 5.07 T7 7.8 c 0.57 b 6.8 b c 66.0 d 8.06 abc 0.64 T d 0.89 a.7 a d a.6 a -- LSD(0.05) CV(%) In a column, numeric data represents the mean value of replications; each replication is derived from 5 plants per treatment. In a column means having similar control which was closely followed (7.76% and 6.8%) by other hand the lowest (69.55 g) weight of healthy fruit the treatment T and T 7, respectively. Moderate results was recorded from untreated control which was closely were found (5.95%, 6.6%) from treatment T4 and T5 followed (77.8 g) by the treatment T. Thakur et al. [] respectively. Divakar et al. [9], Divakar and Pawar [0] and Gopal and Senguttuvan [] reported the efficacy of reported that the inundative releases of T. chilonis also neem products or botanicals against the tomato fruit borer reduced the larval population of H. armigera in tomato which has the similarity with this experiment. Fruit which ultimately increased the yield of tomato. It means infestation reduction over control in weight was estimated biological and botanical control is very effective in tomato the highest value (69.7%) infestation reduction over for Heliothis armigera. control was recorded from the treatment T and the lowest Fruit infestation reduction over control in number value (8.59%) recorded from the treatment T. From the was estimated and the highest value (84.88%) infestation findings it is revealed that treatment T performed reduction over control was recorded from the treatment T maximum healthy fruit and lowest % of fruit infestation in which was followed by neem leaf extract treated plots weight whereas in control treatment the situation is (78.) and the lowest value (.7%) recorded from the reverse under the present condition. treatment T (Table ). From the findings it is revealed that treatment T performed maximum healthy fruit and Fruiting Status of Tomato at mid Stage minimum infested fruit as well as lowest % of fruit Healthy Fruit in Number: At mid stage, statistically infestation in number whereas in control treatment the significant variation was recorded in number of healthy situation is reverse under the present condition. and infested fruit, % infestation at mid fruiting stage in controlling tomato fruit borer for different botanical Tomato Fruit in Weight: Statistically significant variation pest management practices under the present trial. was recorded in weight of healthy and infested fruit, % Highest number of healthy fruit per plant (0.) was infestation at early fruiting stage in controlling tomato recorded from the treatment T which was statistically fruit borer for different botanical pest management identical (0.0 and 9.4) with the treatment T 6 and T, practices under the present trial. Highest weight of respectively (Table ). The second highest number of healthy fruit per plant (90.07 g) was recorded from the healthy fruits were found in T 5 (8.99) treatment which was treatment T which was statistically identical (880.6 g) followed by T 7(8.6) and T 4(7.9). On the other hand, the with the treatment T 6 (Table ). The second highest lowest (7.68) number of healthy fruit was recorded from healthy fruit weight was recorded from T (84.50g) which untreated control which was closely followed (7.8) by the was followed by T (805.48g) and T (798.89g). On the treatment T

5 Table : Acad. J. Entomol., 8 (): 40-49, 05 Effect of some botanical pest management practices in controlling tomato fruit borer at mid harvesting stage in terms of fruits per plant in number and weight Tomato fruit in number Tomato fruit in weight (g) Treatment Healthy % infestation Increase over control (%) Healthy % infestation Reduction over control (%) T 9.4 abc 4.57 d a 6.65 c T 7.8 de.09 b d.65 a 0.4 T 0. a.55 e a.66 d 7.4 T 7.9 de 0.70 b b 0. b 9. 4 T 8.99 bcd 7.54 c cd 7.4 c T 0.0 ab.70 de a 6.6 c T 8.6 cde 8.57 c bc 9.69 b.58 7 T 7.68 e.65 a 64.4 d.68 a -- 8 LSD (0.05) CV(%) In a column, numeric data represents the mean value of replications; each replication is derived from 5 plants per treatment. In a column means having similar The lowest % of infestation in number (.55%) was and T 7(747.45g). On the other hand, the lowest (64.4 g) recorded from the treatment T which was statistically weight of healthy fruit was recorded from untreated similar (.70%) with the treatment T6 and T (4.57%). On control which was closely followed (65.4 g) by the the other hand, the highest % of infested fruit in number treatment T. (.65%) was recorded from untreated control (T 8) which The lowest % of infested fruit in weight (.66%) was was closely followed (.09%) by the treatment T and T4 recorded from the treatment Twhich was closely followed (0.70%). Percent infestation was lower in treatment T 5 (6.6% and 7.4%) with the treatment T 6 and T 5, (7.54%) and T 7 (8.57%). Gopal and Senguttuvan [] also respectively. On the other hand the highest % of infested reported the efficacy of botanicals against tomato fruit fruit in weight (.68%) was recorded from untreated borer. Fruit infestation reduction over control in number control which was statistically similar (.65%) by the was estimated the highest value (8.%) infestation treatment T. Gopal and Senquttuvan [], Kulat et al.[], reduction over control was recorded from the treatment T Sundarajan [4] and Sundarajan [5] also reported the and the lowest value (8.75%) recorded from the treatment botanicals and plant products to control the fruit borer T. Fruit infestation reduction over control ranged from which increased the total yield of production in different ) in T 7, T 5 and T. From the findings it is crops. Fruit infestation reduction over control in weight revealed that at mid fruiting stage T treatment performed was estimated the highest value (7.4%) infestation maximum healthy fruit and minimum infested fruit in reduction over control was recorded from the treatment T number as well as lowest % of fruit infestation in number and the lowest value (0.4%) recorded from T treatment whereas in control treatment the situation is reverse under (Table ). From the findings it is revealed that treatment T the present condition. At mid stage infestation level was performed maximum healthy fruit and minimum infested higher than the early stage. fruit as well as lowest % of fruit infestation in weight whereas in control treatment the situation is reverse under Tomato Fruit in Weight: Statistically significant variation the present condition. was recorded in weight of healthy and infested fruit, % infestation at mid fruiting stage in controlling tomato fruit Fruiting Status of Tomato at Late Stage borer for different botanical pest management practices Healthy Fruit in Number: At late stage, statistically under the present trial. Highest weight of healthy fruit per significant variation was recorded in number of healthy plant (97. g) was recorded from the treatment T which and infested fruit, % infestation at late fruiting stage in was statistically identical ( g) with the treatment T6 controlling tomato fruit borer for different botanical pest (Table ). The second highest weight of healthy fruit was management practices under the present trial. Highest found in T (878.7g) which was followed by T4 (788.89g) number of healthy fruit per plant (.5) was recorded 44

6 Table : Acad. J. Entomol., 8 (): 40-49, 05 Effect of some botanical pests management practices in controlling tomato fruit borer at late harvesting stage in terms of fruits per plant in number and weight Tomato fruit in number Tomato fruit in weight (g) Treatment Healthy % infestation Increase over control (%) Healthy % infestation Reduction over control (%) T.4 ab 5.00 d bc 7.60 d 57.5 T 9.4 c.4 b c 6. ab 9.95 T.5 a.04 d a.6 e 8.78 T 0.5 bc 0.50 bc bc 4.66 bc T 9.5 c 7.86 c bc 9.08 d T.98 a.7 d ab 7.0 d T 9.75 c 0.5 bc bc.6 c.9 7 T 8.9 c 4.4 a bc 7.89 a -- 8 LSD (0.05) CV(%) In a column, numeric data represents the mean value of replications; each replication is derived from 5 plants per treatment. In a column means having similar from the treatment T which was statistically identical Lowest weight of infested fruit (6. g) was recorded (.98,.4 and 0.5) with the treatment T 6and T and from the treatment Twhich was closely followed (75.7 g) T 4 respectively (Table ). On the other hand, the lowest by the treatment T 6, while the highest weight of infested (8.9) number of healthy fruit was recorded from untreated fruit (85. g) was recorded from untreated control which control which was statistically similar (9.4) by the was closely followed (58.95 g) by the treatment T. The treatment T. The lowest % of infested fruit in number lowest % of infested fruit in weight (.6%) was recorded (.04%) was recorded from the treatment T which was from the treatment T which was closely followed (7.0% statistically similar (.7%) with the treatment T 6. On the and 7.60%) with the treatment T 6and T, respectively. On other hand the highest % of infested fruit in number the other hand, the highest % of infested fruit in weight (4.4%) was recorded from untreated control which was (7.89%) was recorded from untreated control which was closely followed (.4%) by the treatment T. Fruit statistically similar (6.%) by the treatment T. These infestation reduction over control in number was results are agreement with the findings of Brown and Bird estimated the highest value (78.9%) infestation reduction [6] and Channarayappa et al. [7]. Fruit infestation over control was recorded from the treatment T and the reduction over control in weight was estimated the lowest value (0.9%) recorded from T treatment highest value (8.78%) infestation reduction over control (Table ). From the findings it is revealed that treatment T was recorded from the treatment T and the lowest value performed maximum healthy fruit and minimum infested (9.95%) recorded from the treatment T (Table ). From the fruit as well as lowest % of fruit infestation in number findings, it is revealed that T treatment performed whereas in control treatment the situation is reverse under maximum healthy fruit and minimum infested fruit as well the present condition. At late stage infestation level was as lowest % of fruit infestation in weight whereas in higher than the early stage. control treatment the situation is reverse under the present condition. At late stage infestation level was Tomato Fruit in Weight: Statistically significant variation higher than early and mid stage and in weight infestation was recorded in weight of healthy and infested fruit, % was higher in comparing the other stage in weight. infestation at late fruiting stage in controlling tomato fruit borer for different botanical pest management practices Fruit Bearing Status of Tomato under the present trial. Highest weight of healthy fruit per Tomato Fruit in Number: Statistically significant variation plant (07.4 g) was recorded from the treatment Twhich was recorded in number of healthy and infested fruit, % was statistically identical (980.8 g) with the treatment T6 infestation in controlling tomato fruit borer for different (Table ). On the other hand, the lowest (89.89 g) weight botanical pest management practices under the present of healthy fruit was recorded from the treatment T which trial. Highest number of total fruit per plant (.0) was was closely followed (85.5 g) by untreated control. recorded from the treatment T which was closely followed 45

7 Acad. J. Entomol., 8 (): 40-49, 05 Table 4: Effect of some botanical pests management practices in controlling tomato fruit borer in terms of fruits per plant in number during total cropping season Tomato fruit/plant in number Treatment Total Healthy % infestation Reduction over control (%) T.0 c 9.9 b 4. e 69. T 7.55 f 4.7 cd 0. b.56 T.7 a.44 a.50 f 8.0 T 8.68 d 5.97 c 9.44 bc T 8.79 d 6.74 c 7. d T.08 b.0 ab. ef T 8.0 e 5.8 c 8.7 c T 6.9 g. d.7 a -- 8 LSD (0.05) CV(%) In a column, numeric data represents the mean value of replications; each replication is derived from 5 plants per treatment. In a column means having similar (.08) by the treatment T6. The next highest total fruit per the situation is reverse condition. The performance of plant was recorded T (.0) which was followed by T5 neem leaf extract and garlic extract was satisfactory (8.79) and T 4 (8.68). The lowest (6.9) number of total compare with neem oil providing more intervals. At late fruit was recorded from untreated control which was stage infestation level was higher than the early stage. closely followed (7.55) by the treatment T (Table 4). Highest number of healthy fruit per plant (.44) was Tomato Fruit in Weight: Statistically significant variation recorded from the treatment T which was statistically was recorded in weight of healthy and infested fruit, % identical (.0) with the treatment T 6. Among the infestation in controlling tomato fruit borer for different treatment T, T 4 and T 5 the healthy fruit in number per botanical pest management practices under the present plant was highest in T (9.9) which was followed by T5 trial. Highest weight of total fruit per plant (006.0 g) was (6.74) and T 4 (5.97). On the other hand, the lowest recorded from the treatment Twhich was closely followed (.) number of healthy fruit was recorded from (949.94) with the treatment T6and T 4(849.78). Total fruit untreated control which was statistically similar (4.7) weight was also higher in treatment T (80.77g) (Table with the treatment T. The lowest % of infestation in fruit 5). by number (.50%) was recorded from the treatment T On the other hand, the lowest ( g) weight of which was statistically similar (.%) with the treatment total fruit per plant was recorded from untreated control T 6. In T (4.) treatment the percent infestation was also which was closely followed ( g) by the treatment lower which was followed by T 5 (7.). Tand T 5 (65.9g). Highest weight of healthy fruit per On the other hand, the highest % of infested fruit in plant (90.6 g) was recorded from the treatment Twhich number (.7%) was recorded from untreated control was closely followed with the treatment T 6(76.6 g) and which was closely followed (0.%) by the treatment T T (6.7g) (Table 5). On the other hand, the lowest and T 4 (9.44). Divakar et al. [9] reported that controlling of (89. g) weight of healthy fruit was recorded from fruit borer infestation by parasitoids increased the fruit untreated control which was closely followed (5.6 g) number. Fruit infestation reduction over control in number by the treatment T (5.6g). The lowest % of infested was estimated the highest value (8.0%) infestation fruit in weight (.47%) was recorded from the treatment T reduction over control was recorded from the treatment T which was closely followed (6.7% and 6.7%) by the and the second highest value (75.4%) infestation treatment T 6 and T, respectively. On the other hand, the reduction over control was recorded from T 6 which was highest % of infested fruit in weight (4.45%) was followed by T (69.%). The lowest value (.56%) recorded from untreated control which was closely recorded from the treatment T. From the findings, it is followed (.90%) by the treatment T. Percent revealed that treatment T performed maximum healthy infestation was also higher in T 4 (.6) and T 7 (0.70) fruit and minimum infested fruit as well as lowest % of treatments. Dilbagh et al. [8] El-Defrawi et al. [9] fruit infestation in number whereas in control treatment reported the similar results earlier from their experiment. 46

8 Acad. J. Entomol., 8 (): 40-49, 05 Table 5: Effect of some botanical pest management practices in controlling tomato fruit borer in terms of fruits per plant in weight during total cropping season Tomato fruit per plant in weight (g) Treatment Total Healthy % infestation Reduction over control (%) T c 6.7 cd 6.7 e 5.49 T e 5.6 a.90 b 0.7 T a 90.6 d.47 f T cd ab.6 c.8 4 T 65.9 d bcd 7.58 d T b 76.6 cd 6.7 e T 68.9 d abc 0.70 c T e 89. a 4.45 a -- 8 LSD (0.05) CV(%) In a column, numeric data represents the mean value of replications; each replication is derived from 5 plants per treatment. In a column means having similar Table 6: Effect of some botanical pest management practices on healthy and infested and total fruit in hectare of tomato Tomato fruit per hectare (tonnes) Treatment Total Healthy Increase over control (%) Infested T 6.6 d c cd T g e. 7.4 a T a a d T 6. c 56. cd ab 4 T f 54. d bcd 5 T b 6.8 b cd 6 T 59.6 e 5. d abc 7 T h e a 8 LSD (0.05) CV(%) In a column, numeric data represents the mean value of replications; each replication is derived from 5 plants per treatment. In a column means having similar Fruit infestation reduction over control in weight was was closely followed (65.55 tonnes) with the treatment T 6. estimated the highest value (75.99%) infestation reduction The second highest total fruit was recorded from T (6.6 over control was recorded from the treatment T and the ton.). On the other hand the lowest (56.86 tonnes) weight lowest value (0.7%) recorded from T treatment. From of total fruit per hectare was recorded from untreated the findings, it is revealed that the treatment T performed control which was closely followed (57.50 tonnes) by the maximum healthy fruit and minimum infested fruit as well treatment T. Highest weight of healthy fruit per hectare as lowest % of fruit infestation in weight whereas in (64.48 tonnes) was recorded from the treatment T which control treatment the situation is reverse under the was closely followed (6.8 tonnes) by the treatment T6 present condition. (Table 6). The next highest weight of healthy fruit per hectare Tomato Fruit in Hectare: Statistically significant variation was recorded from T (58.07 tonnes) which was followed was recorded in weight of healthy and infested fruit, % by T 5 (54. tonnes). On the other hand, the lowest (48.65 infestation per hectare in controlling tomato fruit borer for tonnes) weight of healthy fruit per hectare was recorded different botanical pest management practices under the from untreated control which was statistically similar present trial. Highest weight of total fruit per hectare (50.08 tonnes) by the treatment T. Healthy fruit increase (66.80 tonnes) was recorded from the treatment T which over control was estimated the highest value (7.48%) 47

9 Acad. J. Entomol., 8 (): 40-49, 05 Table 7: Cost benefit analysis for different botanical pest management Yield Cost of pest Adjusted net Benefit Treatments Management (Tk.) Healthy Infested Gross return (Tk.) Net Return (Tk.) return (Tk.) cost ratio T T T T T T T T Price of tomato: Tk. 5 for healthy and Tk. 7 for infested fruit In a column, numeric data represents the mean value of replications; each replication is derived from 5 plants per treatment. In a column means having similar letter(s) are statistically identical and those having dissimilar letter(s) differ significantly as per 0.05 level of probability increase over control was recorded from the treatment T CONCLUSION and the lowest value (.%) recorded from T treatment (Table 6). Lowest weight of infested fruit (. tonnes) The experiment was conducted to evaluation of some was recorded from the treatment T which was closely botanical pest management practices such as neem oil, followed (4.7 tonnes) by the treatment T 6, while the neem leaf extract, garlic extract and marsh pepper extract highest weight of infested fruit (8. tonnes) was recorded against pest complex in tomato. Data on fruit borer from untreated control which was statistically similar (7.4 infestation and their effect of yield contributing characters tonnes) by the treatment T treatment. From the findings and yield were recorded. Controlling of tomato fruit borer it is revealed that treatment T performed maximum healthy highest benefit cost ratio (.8) was recorded in the fruit and minimum infested fruit as well as lowest % of treatment application of Neem oil at days interval. On fruit infestation in weight whereas in control treatment the the other hand, the minimum cost benefit ratio (0.06) was situation is reverse under the present condition. recorded from neem leaf extract in treatment at days interval. Among the different treatments, neem oil Economic Analysis: Economic analysis of different application at days interval was most effective than botanical pest management were calculated and presented other treatment. The other treatments like neem leaf extract in Table 7. In this study, the untreated control did not and garlic extract also showed better performance in require any pest management cost. The cost for the relation to all concern parameters comparing with neem oil treatment of neem oil was incurred for neem oil, trix liquid and marsh pepper. The poor performance was found in detergent, preparation and its application. For leaf extract neem oil and marsh pepper while these treatments have labor cost also involved. Considering the controlling of large interval. Considering the situation of the present tomato fruit borer highest benefit cost ratio (.8) was experiment, further studies in the following areas may be recorded in the treatment T as application of neem oil at suggested: Similarly study is needed in different agro- days interval and next highest BCR was found in T4 ecological zones (AEZ) of Bangladesh for regional (.75) which treated with neem oil at 7 days interval. On adaptability. the other hand, the minimum cost benefit ratio (0.06) was recorded in treatment T as application of neem leaf extract REFERENCES and the application of garlic extract also gave the lower benefit cost ratio (0.99) (Table 7).. Haque, M.M., 995. Insect pest of tomato in: From the above findings, it was observed that the Curriculum Outline and Training Support Materials, yield contributing characters using the botanicals as pest Training Manual: Winter Vegetables and Spices management practices had positive effect. Among the Production. Horticulture Research and Development practices, application of Neem oil at three days interval Project, DAE, BADC, Dhaka, pp: was superior if Tomato yield contributing characters are. Tewari, G.C., 984. Field efficacy of synthetic considered. Neem leaf extract and garlic extract had also pyrethroids against Heliothis armigera (Hubner) significant effect on the yield and the yield contributing infesting tomato. Singapore Journal of Primary characters. Industries, ():

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