PHYSIOCHEMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF SEEDS OF MANGIFERA INDICA ABSTRACT

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1 International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 1, Issue 09, Page 1-7 ISSN: PHYSIOCHEMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF SEEDS OF MANGIFERA INDICA Monalisha Nayak*,D Tripathy 1,Asutosh Samal 2 *Asst Professor,Dept of PharmaTech,Jeypore College of Pharmacy,Jeypore,Odisha,India 1,2- B.Pharm, Jeypore College of Pharmacy,Jeypore, Odisha,India ABSTRACT An open access Supporting Information: journal Received: 12 September 2018 Accepted: 21 September 2018 Published: 22 September 2018 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Mangoes (Mangifera indica) belong to genus Mangifera which consists of about 30 species of tropical fruiting trees in the flowering plant family Anacardiaceae. It is cultivated on an area of approximately 3.7 million ha worldwide and conquers the second position as a tropical crop, in terms of production. According to ayurveda, varied medicinal properties are attributed to different parts of mango tree. Mango possesses anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory properties. Various effects like antibacterial, anti-fungal, anthelmintic, anti- parasitic, anticancer, anti HIV, antispasmodic, antipyretic, antidiarrheal, immunomodulation, hypolipidemic, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, gastro protective have also been studied.the present study deals an indepth analysis of physiochemical and phytochemical screening of seeds of Mangifera indica Corresponding author address Monalisha Nayak*, Asst Professor, Dept of PharmaTech, Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Jeypore, Odisha,India Keywords: Mangifera indica, fluorescence analysis Copyright: Published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0

2 Introduction India is diverse in flaura and fauna. Plants of various species is found in this part of subcontinent.mango is one of them. Mangoes are juicy stone fruit (drupe) from numerous species of tropical trees belonging to the flowering plant genus Mangifera, cultivated mostly for their edible fruit.the majority of these species are found in nature as wild mangoes. The genus belongs to the cashew family Anacardiaceae. 1 Mangoes are native to South Asia from where the "common mango" or "Indian mango", Mangifera indica, has been distributed worldwide to become one of the most widely cultivated fruits in the tropics. Mangifera indica, commonly used herb in ayurvedic medicine. Studies indicate mango possesses antidiabetic, anti-oxidant, antiviral, cardiotonic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory properties. Various effects like antibacterial, anti fungal, anthelmintic, anti parasitic, anti tumor, anti HIV, antibone resorption, antispasmodic, antipyretic, antidiarrhoeal, antiallergic, immunomodulation, hypolipidemic, anti microbial, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective have also been studied. 2-3 Plant Classification Scientific classification Kingdom: Clade: Clade: Clade: Order: Family: Genus: Species: Plantae Angiosperms Eudicots Rosids Sapindales Anacardiaceae Mangifera M. indica 2

3 Binomial name : Mangifera indica Materials & Methods 4-9 Extraction of the plant material The plant material was identified and authenticated by M.S Swaminathan Research Institute, Jeypore Branch. The commonly employed technique for collecting active substance from the plant material is called Extraction, which is defined as the process of isolation of soluble material from an insoluble residue which may liquid or solid, by the treatment with a solvent. This process of extraction was controlled by mass transfer.[1]the seed of plant were collected and dried.then extracted in soxhlet extractor by using methanol and water for 24 hrs. A) Methanolic extract of Mangifera indica: About 10 grams of the dry powder extracted first with 20 ml of Methanol degree Centigrade by continous hot percolation method using soxhlet apparatus. After completion extraction, the methanolic extract was filtered and concentrated to dry mass by vaccum distillation..a green color residue was obtained. B) Aqueous extract of Mangifera indica: About 10 grams of the dry powder extracted first with 20 ml of aqueous 100 degree Centigrade by continuous hot percolation method using soxhlet apparatus. After completion extraction, the aqueous extract was filtered and concentrated to dry mass by vaccum distillation..a brown color residue was obtained. Methods: Total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, extractive values were determined separately for air dried powdered seed of this plant as per the official method. Flourescence Analysis and phytochemical screening were performed as per the official method. Table: 1. Physiochemical parameters of Mangifera indica 3

4 S.no Parameters Values % 1 Total Ash values (%) % 2 Acid insoluble Ash(%) % 3 Water soluble extractive (%w/w) 16% 4 Alcohol soluble extractive (%w/w) 12.05% 5 Loss on drying 10% Table: 2. Preliminary phytochemical screening of Mangifera indica Name of Test Ethanol Aqueous Extract Diterpenes - + Saponins + ++Max Terpenoids ++Max + Flavanoids + + Alkaloids - + Tannins + ++Max Steroids ++Max + Glycosides + - Proteinss - - carbohydrates + + Xanthoproteins + - Phenol ++Max ++Max Quinones - + Coumarin + - 4

5 + Available ++Max Available - unavailable Table: 3. The fluorescence analysis of seed powder of Mangifera indica 1 Powder Grey 2 Powder+1N sodium hydroxide in methanol Greenish yellow 3 Powder + 1N sodium hydroxide in Green 4 water Powder 50% Hydrochloride Dark green 5 Powder +50% sulphuric acid Brownish 6 Powder + 50% nitric acid yellow Brick red 7 Powder + petroleum Ether Light Green 8 Powder + chloroform Green 9 Powder + Nitric acid Brick red 10 Powder + 5% Ferric chloride solution Blackish green 11 Powder + 5% iodine solution Reddish brown 12 Powder + Methanol Dark green 13 Powder+(Nitric Acid+Ammonia) Light green Discussion The result on various tests for physio chemical parameters like ash value, extractive value, loss on drying will help in the correct identification of this plant for future work were indicated in table.1.preliminary phytochemical screening for different extracts (methanol, aqueous)of Mangifera indica was tested and it was mentioned in table.2.the Mangifera indica seed powder 5

6 on treatment with various chemical reagents which gives a different colours and it was mentioned in table.3. Conclusion The present study was carried out to evaluate pharmacognostical and phytochemical activities of two different extracts of Mangifera indica. The study on anthelmintic activity for different extracts will be performed for future studies. References 1. Liu R.H. Health benefits of fruit and vegetables are from additive and synergistic combinations of phytochemicals. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2003;78:517S 520S. 2. Micha R., Peñalvo J.L., Cudhea F., Imamura F., Rehm C.D., Mozaffarian D. Association between Dietary Factors and Mortality From Heart Disease, Stroke, and Type 2 Diabetes in the United States. JAMA. 2017;317: doi: /jama Willett W.C. Diet, nutrition, and avoidable cancer. Environ. Health Perspect. 1995;103: doi: /ehp.95103s Cojocaru, M., Droby, S., Glotter, E., Goldman, A.Gottlieb, H.E., Jacoby, B. (1986) heptadecenyl)-resorcinol, the major component of the antifungalactivity in the peel of mango fruit. Phyto.; 25: Temple N.J. Antioxidants and disease: more questions than answers. Nutr. Res. 2000;20: doi: /S (00)00138-X. 6. Coe, F.G., Anderson, G.J. (1996). Screening of medicinal plants used by the Gar ıfuna of Eastern icaragua for bioactive compounds. J. Ethnopharm. 53: Usman M., Fatima B., Muhammad M.J. Breeding in Mango. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 2001;3: El-Mahmood A. Doughari J. Ladan N. (2008).Antimicrobial Screening of stem bark extracts of Vitellaria paradixa against some enteric Pathogeni Microorganisms, Afri. J. Pharm;2(5):

7 9. Mukherjee S.K. Origin, distribution and phylogenetic affinities of the species of Mangifera indica L. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 1953;55: doi: /j tb00004.x. 10. Garrido, G., Gonzalez, D., Lemus, Y., Garcia, D.,Lodeiro, L., Quintero, G. (2004). Invivo and in vitroanti-inflammatory activity of Mangifera indica L.extract (VIMANG). Pharm. Res. 1986; 50: Harborne, JB (1973). Phytochemical Methods.Chapman and Hall Ltd., London pp: