VITA NOVA DIAGNOSTIKA A LIEČBA STERILITY V AMBULANCII UROLÓGA / DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF STERILITY IN UROLOGIST S OUT-PATIENT DEPARTMENT

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1 V roku 1992 ukončil štúdium na Lekárskej fakulte UK v Bratislave, odbor všeobecný lekár. Od ukončenia vysokoškolského vzdelania pôsobí na urologickom oddelení FN Bratislava Ružinov. Vzdelanie si doplnil v r o atestáciu 1. stupňa a v r o atestáciu 2. stupňa v odbore urológia. V roku 2003 získal certifikát invazívnej ultrasonografie. Podieľal sa v r na zavedení laparoskopie v urológii na Slovensku. Zrealizoval prvú laparoskopickú nefrektómiu na Slovensku. Je členom Slovenskej a Európskej urologickej spoločnosti. He has been graduated on Medical School of CU in Bratislava in 1992, specialty general practitioner. Thenceforward he is working on Urology Department of UH Bratislava Ružinov. He has completed his education with attestation of 1st degree in 1995 and with attestation of 2nd degree in 2000 in the specialty of urology. He has been obtained the certificate of invasive ultrasonography in He has been participated in introduction of laparoscopy in urology in Slovakia in He has been performed the first laparoscopic nephrectomy in Slovakia. He is a member of the Slovak and European Association of Urology. MUDR. VLADIMÍR MIŠANKO DIAGNOSTIKA A LIEČBA STERILITY V AMBULANCII UROLÓGA / DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF STERILITY IN UROLOGIST S OUT-PATIENT DEPARTMENT Infertilita postihuje v poslednom období čoraz viac párov. V súčasnosti 25% všetkých párov má problémy s otehotnením. Výrazným prognostickým faktorom je vek oboch partnerov. Tak isto v poslednom období vzrastá podiel mužského faktoru na celkovej neplodnosti. V súčasnosti dosahuje viac ako 50% - ný podiel. Každý muž v sterilnom páre by mal preto podstúpiť vyšetrenie spermiogramu. Pacienti s dvomi patologickými spermiogramami, podľa odporučenia WHO a Európskej urologickej spoločnosti, by mali byť vyšetrení urológom alebo andrológom. Cieľom takéhoto vyšetrenia je vylúčenie závažných urologických, endokrinologických a genetických ochorení a určenie typu mužskej neplodnosti. Mužskú infertilitu rozdeľujeme na neobštrukčnú, obštrukčnú a idiopatickú. Vyšetrenie spočíva v dôkladnej anamnéze, fyzikálnom vyšetrení vrátane USG vyšetrenia a stanovení hladín hormónov súvisiacich so spermatogenézou. Po dôkladnom vyšetrení pacienta a zistení príčiny infertility je pacientovi navrhnutý adekvátny spôsob riešenia. Na našom pracovisku sme vyšetrili za rok pacientov s oligoasthenoteratozoospermiou. Patologický nález pri urologickom vyšetrení bol overený u 31 pacientov. V rokoch sme vykonali 39 chirurgických odberov z nadsemenníkov a semenníkov, s viac ako 50% úspešnosťou záchytu spermií. Dosiahli sme 50% úspešnosť ukončenej gravidity vo vzťahu k počtu realizovaných embryotransferov. Infertility affects increasingly more pairs in last years. Currently, 25% of all pairs have problems with becoming pregnant. Significant prognostic factor is the age of both partners. Share of male factor in total infertility also increases in last period. Nowadays it achieves more than 50% portion. Therefore each man in the sterile pair should undergo an examination of his spermiogram. Patients with two pathologic spermiograms should be examined by an urologist or andrologist following recommendations of WHO and Eurepean Association of Urology. Aim of such examination is to exclude serious urologic, endocrinologic and genetic diseases and to establish the type of male infertility. Male infertility is divided into non-obstructive, obstructive and idiopathic. The examination rests in thorough history, physical examination, including USG examination and establishment of hormone levels related to spermatogenesis. After thorough examination of the patient and after detecting the cause of infertility is proposed adequate way of solution for the patient. We examined 345 patients with oligoasthenoteratozoospermy on our place of work in Pathologic finding at urologic examination was verified in 31 patients. We performed 39 surgical takings from epididymis and didymis from 2006 to 2008 with more than 50% successfulness of sperm capture. We have achieved 50% successfulness of completed pregnancy in relation to the number of performed embryotransfers. 24

2 : LFUK Bratislava, odbor všeobecné lekárstvo, dosiahnutý titul MUDr doteraz (od 2005 znížený úväzok): II.gynekologicko-pôrodnícka klinika FNsP Ružinov Bratislava - gynekológpôrodník. 1993: atestácia I.stupňa z gynekológie a pôrodníctva (3 mesiace): študijný pobyt na Tufts University v Bostone a Colorado University v Denveri, USA 1997: atestácia II. stupňa z gynekológie a pôrodníctva : Centrum asistovanej reprodukcie I.a II.gynekologicko-pôrodníckej kliniky FNsP a LFUK Bratislava, od 2001: zaradená do externého doktorandského štúdia LFUK Bratislava - zameranie na asistovanú reprodukciu doteraz: GYN-FIV a.s. Bratislava, centrum pre gynekológiu a asistovanú reprodukciu. Aktívna a pasívna účasť na vedeckých podujatiach doma a v zahraničí : MFCU Bratislava, specialty General Medicine, achieved degree: MD present (since 2005 part-time job): 2nd Clinic of Gynaecology And Obstetrics of UHwP Ružinov Bratislava gynaecologist-obstetrician. 1993: specialization of 1st degree: gynaecology and obstetrics (3 months): study stay on Tufts University in Boston and Colorado University in Denver, USA. 1997: specialization of 2st degree: gynaecology and obstertrics : the Centre of Assisted Reproduction of 1st and 2nd Clinic of Gynaecology And Obstetrics of UHwP and MFCU Bratislava. from 2001: included in external graduant study of MFCU Bratislava specialty: assisted reproduction present: GYN-FIV, Inc. Bratislava, the Centre For Gynaecology And Assisted Reproduction. Active and passive participation in local and international scientific congresses. MUDR. ZUZANA BEHÚŇOVÁ MUDR. IVETA STENOVÁ, MUDR. PETER HARBULÁK, MUDR. MAREK DRÁBEK PRÍPRAVA STERILNÉHO PÁRU PRED CYKLOM IVF / PREPARATION OF A STERILE PAIR BEFORE IVF CYCLE Adekvátna príprava sterilného páru pred jeho zaradením do cyklu IVF je základom úspechu. Príprava sterilného páru pred jeho zaradením do cyklu IVF sa na jednej strane opiera o štandardizované postupy, na strane druhej je prísne individuálna. Tento individuálny prístup závisí predovšetkým od veku partnerov, faktorov sterility, vedľajších ochorení, predchádzajúcich gravidít a od výsledkov už absolvovaných cyklov asistovanej reprodukcie. Príspevok v skratke zahŕňa základné a nadstavbové vyšetrenia partnerov pred ich zaradením do cyklu IVF so zameraním sa na ženu ako gynekologického pacienta. Naviac sa zameriava na dodnes celosvetovo nejednotné postupy u žien so sterilitou a saktosalpingom, sterilitou a endometriózou a sterilitou a myómami. Cieľom príspevku je zhrnúť v súčasnosti platné snahy o dosiahnutie konsenzu v ostatne spomínaných prípadoch. Asistovaná reprodukcia patrí v súčasnosti k jedným z najdynamickejšie sa vyvíjajúcim odborom medicíny. Niektoré postupy v riešení sterility, ako i v samotnej asistovanej reprodukcii sa časom dopĺňajú, alebo menia na základe najnovších vedeckých poznatkov. Príprava sterilného páru pred zaradením do cyklu IVF predstavuje preto i zavedenie týchto poznatkov do každodennej praxe, čím zvyšujeme pravdepodobnosť dosiahutia gravidity po IVF cykle. Brief characteristics: Adequate preparation of a infertile couple before its inclusion in IVF cycle is a key to the success. Preparation of a infertile couple before its inclusion in IVF cycle is based on standardized procedures, but it is strictly individual. This individual approach predominantly depends on the age of the partners, infertility factors, additional diseases, previous pregnancies and on the results of already taken cycles of assisted reproduction. The report summarizes basic and following examinations of the partners before their inclusion in IVF cycle, focusing on a woman as gynaecologic patient. Moreover, it is focused on still disunited procedures worldwidely in infertile women with sactosalpinx, endometriosis and myomas. The aim of the report is to summarise currently valid efforts to achieve a consensus in these cases. Assisted reproduction currently belongs to one of the most dynamically developed medicine specialties. Some procedures in the infertility solution, as well in assisted reproduction itself are completed with time or are changed based on the latest scientific knowledge. Preparation of a infertile couple before its inclusion in IVF cycle therefore presents also introduction of these knowledge into daily practice to increase the probability of achieving pregnancy after IVF cycle. 26

3 Narodený vo Varíne okres Žilina. V r som ukončil VŠ na LF UK Martin v odbore všeobecné lekárstvo. Kvalifikačnú atestáciu I. a II. stupňa v odbore gyn. a pôr. som získal v r a 1991 ako sekundárny lekár na Gyn.-pôr. oddelení KÚNZ B. Bystrica. Doktorandské štúdium v odbore gyn. a pôr. som ukončil v roku 2002 na LF Univerzity P. J. Šafárika v Košiciach. V r som absolvoval študijný pobyt vo Veľkej Británii na King s College School of Medicine and Dentistry. V r som bol menovaný do funkcie primára Gyn.-pôr. oddelenia v NsP Brezno. V r som absolvoval študijný pobyt na Stanfordovej Univerzite v Kalifornii. Od r pôsobím vo funkcii prednostu II. gyn.-pôr. kliniky SZU vo FNsP F. D. Roosevelta v B.Bystrici. V r som získal diplom v odbore Reprodukčná medicína, v r diplom v odbore Gynekologická onkológia na FZ ŠŠ SZU v Bratislave. Som členom viacerých odborných spoločností, predsedom redakčnej rady časopisu Gynekológia pre prax, člen medzinárodného boardu časopisu Journal of Reproductive Medicine and Endocrinology, člen výboru SGPS, člen výboru Sekcie asistovanej reprodukcie SGPS a predseda Sekcie gynekologickej endoskopie SGPS. Born March 5, 1957 in Varín, Žilina Medical Faculty Comenius University in Martin, Slovakia, Graduated as a Medical Doctor Postgraduate specialization grade I. and II.- Gynaecology, Obstetrics Specialist at Gynaecology, Obstetrics department KÚNZ B. Bystrica Postgraduate study - Gynaecology, Obstetrics LF UniversityP.J. Šafárika v Košice Great Britain - King s College School of Medicine and Dentistry Senior doctor at Gynaecology, Obstetrics Department in NsP Brezno Educational stay at Stanford University in California Head of II. Gynaecology, Obstetrics Clinics SZU vo FNsP F. D. Roosevelta, B.Bystrica Diploma Reproductive medicine Diploma - Gynecologic oncology - FZ ŠŠ SZU, Bratislava. Member of many scientific societies, Head of editorial board of the journal Gynecology for praxis, member of international board of the Journal of Reproductive Medicine and Endocrinology, member of committee SGPS, member of committee Sekcie asistovanej reprodukcie SGPS and the chief of Sekcie gynekologickej endoskopie SGPS. DOC. MUDR. TIBOR BIELIK, PHD. ENDOSKOPIA V DIAGNOSTIKE A LIEČBE STERILITY / ENDOSCOPY IN INFERTILITY DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT Prehľad diagnostických a terapeutických možností. Zhodnotenie anatomických pomerov v náväznosti na ich funkčnosť je pri infertilite neodmysliteľnou súčasťou diferenciálne diagnostického a terapeutického postupu. Ani v ére asistovanej reprodukcie endoskopická diagnostika a liečba nestratila svoje opodstatnenie. Najčastejšie využívanými modalitami sú minmimálne invazívne techniky, ktoré pomocou laparoskopie (LSK), transvaginálnej endoskopie (TVE) a hysteroskopie (HSK) umožňujú kompletnú diagnostiku príčin infertility. Špecifiký prístup si vyžaduje diagnosticko-terapeutický postup riešenia myómov, adenomyózy a endometriózy. V týchto prípadoch je potrebné endoskopický nález korelovať s ďalšími zobrazovacími metódami napr. hysterosalpingografiou (HSG), sonografiou (TVS) a magnetickou rezonanciou (MR). Laparoskopia v kombinácii s diagnostickou hysteroskopiou je pokladaná za zlatý štandard pri diagnostike patológii malej panvy a to hlavne patológie reprodukčných orgánov. Druhou skupinou patológii zapríčiňujúcich infertilitu sú anomálie Mülleriánskych vývodov. Ich diagnostika a liečba si vyžaduje použitie kombinácie viacerých zobrazovacích modalít a prístupov, vrátane invazívnych. Operačná laparoskopia v minulosti bola spájaná hlavne s chirurgickou liečbou tubárneho faktoru sterility. Pri vysokej úspešností techník asistovanej reprodukcie tubaoovariálna chirurgia je zameraná na obnovenie anatomických pomerov pre potreby IVF. Obnovenie funkčnosti v závislosti od stupňa poškodenia je fakultatívne. V súčastnosti sa záujem endoskopických reprodukčných chirurgov sústreďuje na problematiku endometriózy, myomatózy a anomálií Mülleriánskych vývodov. Cieľom práce je predložiť prehľad endoskopickej diagnostiky a liečby infertility v širších súvislostiach s aspektom na postavenie asistovanej reprodukcie. The therapeutic and diagnostic options overview. Endoscopy in infertility diagnostics and treatment. The assessment of anatomical proportion and functionality is essential part of infertility diagnostics and treatment. Even in the era of assisted reproduction, the endoscopic diagnostics and treatment did not lost its importance. The most used modalities are minimally invasive techniques (laparoscopy (LSK), transvaginal endoscopy (TVE), hysteroscopy (HSK)) which enable complete diagnostics of infertility reasons. The specific approach is necessary by diagnostics and treatment of myomas, adenomyosis and endometriosis. In these cases, it is necessary to correlate the endoscopic findings with other techniques, for instance hysterosalpingography (HSG), sonography (TVS) a magnetic resonance (MR). Laparoscopy in combination with diagnostics hysteroscopy is considered as gold standard in diagnostics of the lesser pelvis pathologic, mostly pathology of reproductive organs. The second group of pathologies causing infertility is Mullerian duct pathology. Its diagnostics and treatment requires the combination of more imaging modalities and approaches, including invasive. Laparoscopic surgery was previously connected primarily with surgical treatment of infertility, caused by tubal factor. At the high success rate of ART is tubo-ovarial surgery focused on anatomic factors restoration for IVF. The restoration of the functionality depends on the damage degree and is facultative. Nowadays is the interest of reproductive surgeons focusing on the problematic of endometriosis, myomatosis and Muller duct anomalies. Results: The aim of the study is to present the overview about the endscopic diagnostics and treatment of infertility in broader connections with assisted reproduction. 28

4 Máj 2009: Stáž na Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Švajčiarsko, so zameraním sa na laparoskopickú operatívu v gynekológii. Marec 2009: stáž na Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnsesota, USA, onkogynekológia. Od Augusta 2006: II. gynekologicko-pôrodnícka klinika, Lekárska fakulta univerzity Komenského v Bratislave sekundárny lekár v špecializácii gyn.-pôr., Postgraduálne štúdium na tému Konzervatívna liečba myómov maternice. September Jún 2006: Lekárska fakulta univerzity Komenského v Bratislave, Slovensko, Promovaný za doktora medicíny, Diplomová práca na tému Manažment tehotných so závažnými kardiopatiami. August 2004 December 2004: Lekárska fakulta univerzity v Oulu, Fínsko, Jeden semester na lekárskej fakulte v Oulu, Kurzy gynekológie a pôrodníctva, pediatria. Jún 2004: Lekárska fakulta univerzity v Tartu, Estónsko, Letná prax v Tartu, Prax na internej a chirurgickej klinike. May 2009: University Hospital in Geneva, Switzerland, focus on laparoscopic operations in gynaecology. March 2009: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, oncogynaecology. From August 2006: II. Gynaecologic/Obstetric clinic, Medical Faculty Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia, Specialist, Postgraduate studies Nonsurgical treatment of uterine myomas. September June 2006: Medical Faculty Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia, Graduated as a Medical Doctor, Diploma work Management of pregnant women with severe cardiopathies. August 2004 December 2004: Medical Faculty University in Oulu, Finland, One term in the Medical Faculty in Oulu, Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Paediatrics courses. June 2004: Medical Faculty University in Tartu, Estonia, Summer praxis in Tartu, Praxis internal and surgical clinic. MUDR. MIKULÁŠ REDECHA MUDR. VLADIMÍR JAVORKA, CSC., MUDR. MAGDALÉNA MIŽÍČKOVÁ, PROF. MUDR. KAROL HOLOMÁŇ, CSC. EMBOLIZÁCIA MYÓMOV A STERILITA / MYOMAS EMBOLISATION AND STERILITY Autori v práci uvádzajú dvojročné skúsenosti s embolizáciou uterinných artérií (EUA) pri liečbe myómov maternice a vplyv liečby na fertilitu žien. Dizajn: Do súboru sme zaradili pacientky so symptomatickými myómami maternice vo veku od 18 rokov po menopauzu. Veľkosť dominantného myómu maternice bola minimálne 3 cm. Za kontraindikáciu sme považovali pedunkulovaný myóm a zápalové ochorenie v oblasti malej panvy. Embolizáciu uterinných artérií sme vykonali prístupom cez pravú femorálnu artériu. Ako embolizačnú látku sme použili agregovateľné mikročastice polyvinylalkoholu. Objem myómu maternice sme určovali pomocou transvaginálneho ultrazvuku. Klinickú úspešnosť liečby sme hodnotili na základe zmenšenia objemu myómu a ústupu ťažkostí v priebehu 24 mesiacov po zákroku. Sledovali sme vplyv liečby na fertilitu pacientok, priebeh gravidity a prípadné komplikácie liečby. Embolizáciu uterinných artérií sme vykonali u 43 pacientok. Priemerný vek žien v súbore bol 35,4 rokov (25-47 rokov). Priemerná veľkosť myómu pred operačným výkonom dosahovala 76,15 cm3 (25,20-151,85 cm3). Zákrok bol technicky úspešný u 97,68 % (42) pacientok. Priemerná dĺžka výkonu bola 45 minút. U všetkých žien nastalo zmiernenie krvácania a tlakových ťažkostí v oblasti malej panvy. Priemerná dĺžka hospitalizácie bola 2 dni. Stredný objem myómu maternice sa 1 mesiac po embolizačnej liečbe zmenšil o 25,89 % (52,76 cm3), o 3 mesiace o 62,05 % (23,26 cm3) a o 6 mesiacov o 94,14 % (5,55 cm3) oproti pôvodnej veľkosti. 5 (11,62 %) pacientok udávalo mierne krvácanie, ktoré po 5 dňoch po výkone vymizlo. Rok po embolizácii uterinných artérií sme diagnostikovali graviditu u jednej pacientky. Tehotnosť prebehla bez komplikácií, ukončená bola spontánnym vaginálnym pôrodom. Plod vážil 3050 g. Počas zákroku, ani po ňom sme nezaznamenali nijakú významnú komplikáciu u žiadnej pacientky. Embolizácia uterinných artérií predstavuje vhodnú alternatívu ku klasickej chirurgickej terapii. Fertilita po embolizácii uterinných artérií je zachovaná a pre sterilné pacientky so symptomatickými myómami nad 35 rokov by mohla byť vhodnou alternatívou ku chirurgickému výkonu. 30 The authors present two years experience with uterine artery embolisation (UAE) as a treatment option for uterine myomas and impact of the treatment on women s fertility. Design: Patients were eligible for inclusion if they had symptomatic uterine myomas, from the age of 18 up to the menopause. The minimal size of the dominant myoma was minimally 3 cm. The exclusion criteria (contraindications) were myoma pedunculus and inflammation in the lesser pelvis. Uterine artery embolisation was performed through right femoral artery. Polyvinyl alcohol and agregable particles were used as an embolisation agent. The volume of uterine myoma was assessed by transvaginal ultrasound. The clinical success rate was evaluated as a uterine myoma volume shrinkage and resolution of the symptoms within 24 months after intervention. Data was also gathered on fertility, pregnancies post-uae and possible treatment complications. Uterine artery embolisation was performed in 43 patients. The average age of women was 35,4 years (25-47 years). The average size of myoma before surgery was 76,15 cm3 (25,20-151,85 cm3). The intervention was technically successful in 97,68 % (42) of patients. The average intervention duration was approximately 45 minutes. All women experienced bleeding in moderation and reported relief from pressure problems in the lesser pelvis. The average length of hospitalisation was 2 days. The middle volume of uterine myoma was reduced 1 month after embolisation treatment by 25,89 % (52,76 cm3),after 3 months by 62,05 % (23,26 cm3) and after 6 months by 94,14 % (5,55 cm3) against the original size. 5 (11,62 %) patients reported mild bleeding, which resolved 5 days after the intervention. One year after uterine artery embolisation we diagnosed a pregnancy in one patient. The pregnancy was without complications, and was terminated by vaginal delivery. The featus weight was 3050 g. Neither during the intervention nor after, did we record any significant complications in any of the patient s monitored. The uterine artery embolisation presents a suitable alternative to conventional surgical treatment. After the uterine artery embolisation the fertility is preserved and it could be a suitable alternative to conventional surgical treatment for sterile patients over 35 years.

5 V roku 2001 promovala na Univerzite veterinárskeho lekárstva v Košiciach. Následne absolvovala doktorandské štúdium v rámci SAV v Košiciach. Zúčastnila sa odbornej stáže na AVČR v Českej republike. Publikovala v zahraničných odborných periodikách ako Molecular reproduction and development, Zygote, Theriogenology, Mediators of inflammation, zúčastňovala sa domácich a zahraničných medzinárodných kongresov. V roku 2006 začala pracovať v centre pre gynekológiu a asistovanú reprodukciu GYN-FIV v Bratislave na pozícii embryológ. In the 2001 graduated as at Veterinary Medicine University in Košice. Subsequently she graduated postgradual study at SAV in Košice. She participated in exchange study in Czech Republic (AVČR). She is the author of many publications in international scientific literature - Molecular reproduction and development, Zygote, Theriogenology, Mediators of inflammation, she participated on local and international congresses. From the year 2006, she works in the centre of Gynecology and Assisted Reproduction GYN-FIV in Bratislave as the embryologist. MVDR. GABRIELA IĽKOVÁ, PHD. ING. IVETA KONÝČKOVÁ, MUDR. PETER HARBULÁK MANAŽMENT STERILNÉHO PÁRU Z POHĽADU EMBRYOLÓGA / INFERTILE COUPLE MANAGEMENT FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF EMBRYOLOGIST Zhodnotenie liečby neplodných párov v centre Gyn-Fiv za rok 2008 metódami asistovanej reprodukcie Dizajn: Pri liečbe neplodných párov sa používajú metódy asistovanej reprodukcie zabezpečujúce dosiahnutie najoptimálnejšieho výsledku. Základnou metódou asistovanej reprodukcie je klasická metóda mimotelového oplodnenia IVF - - In vitro fertilizácia. Metóda ICSI je jednou z najúčinnejších liečebných metód pri liečbe ťažších foriem mužskej neplodnosti. Výber najkvalitnejších embryí na transfer umožňuje predĺžená kultivácia, počas ktorej sa embryá kultivujú 5 dní v špeciálnych médiach. Predĺženou kultiváciou sa znižuje počet viacplodových gravidít a taktiež je odporúčaná aj pri genetickom vyšetrení embryí. Predimplantačná genetická diagnostika (PGD) umožňuje vyšetriť špecifické chyby v genetickej výbave embrya ešte pred jeho implantáciou do sliznice maternice. Príčinou neúspechu pri počatí môže byť aj zhrubnutá zóna pellucida. V prípade potreby je možné procesu hatchovania embrya pomôcť vytvorením malého otvoru do zóny pellucidy-asistovaný zonálny hatching, ktorý sa môže uskutočniť rôznymi technikami (mechanický, chemický hatching alebo hatching pomocou lasera). Neoddeliteľnou súčasťou metód asistovanej reprodukcie sú zmrazovacie techniky gamét a embryí. Ak po oplodnení vznikne viac kvalitných embryí, ako je možné transferovať do maternice, alebo pri neočakávaných zdravotných problémoch pacientky, môžu byť embryá zmrazené. Pri vážnych poruchách spermiogramu, chirurgickom odbere spermií, alebo pri zdravotných problémoch pacienta je možné zmrazenie spermií. V roku 2008 bolo uskutočnených celkovo 1242 cyklov, z toho bolo 609 IVF cyklov. 96,6% cyklov bolo ukončených embryotransferom (588). 54% cyklov skončilo graviditou. Klinická gravidita bola verifikovaná u 43%. Kryoembryotransferov bolo 205 s 19% klinických gravidít. 9% z 428 inseminácii bolo ukončených klinickými graviditami. Závery: Moderná doba priniesla objektivitu a vedeckosť pri riešení problematiky sterility a spolu s rozvojom mikromanipulačných a kultivačných techník umožňuje biologické rodičovstvo aj v tých najťažších formách neplodnosti. Evaluation of the infertile couple s treatment by ART in the Gyn-Fiv centre during the year Design: In the treatment of infertile couples are used ART, ensuring the best result. The basic method of ART is classical method of fertilization - IVF- In vitro fertilization. The method ICSI is one of the most effective treatment options for more complicated forms of male infertility. The selection of the high quality embryos for transfer allows the prolonged cultivation, during which the embryos are cultivated 5 days in special media. The prolonged cultivation reduced the multiple pregnancies and is recommended for embryos genetic examination. Pre-implantation diagnosis (PGD) allows to examine specific genetic disorders of embryo before transfer into the uterus. The reason for conceiving failure could be the hardening of zona pellucida. In some cases, it is possible to help the embryo with hatching by making a small opening to the zona pellucida- assisted zonal hatching. This can be performed by various techniques (mechanical, chemical hatching or laser hatching). The integral part of ART is freezing method of gametes and embryos. If there are more high quality embryos after fertilization as it is possible to transfer into the uterus or by some special health problems of patients, the embryos could be frozen. In cases of serious problem with sperm count, surgical sperm retrieval or at health problem of patients, it is possible to perform sperm freezing. In the year 2008 were realized totally 1242 cycles, 609 from them were IVF cycles. 96,6% of cycles ended with embryotransfer (588). Pregnancy occurred in 54 % of cycles. Clinical pregnancy was verified in 43%. 205 cryoembryotransfers were realized with 19% of clinical pregnancies. 9% from 428 insemination ended with clinical pregnancies. Conclusions: Recent period brought objectivity and scientism for solving infertility issues and together with progress in micromanipulation and cultivation techniques allows biological parenthood in the most difficult forms of infertility. 32

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