Dr. Garrett Thursday! Dr. Kaplan following Tuesday! Hooray!!...
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1 Dr. Garrett Thursday! Dr. Kaplan following Tuesday! Hooray!!... Lecture 12 I. Quiz 4 CV physiology 8:15 next T < class Presentations. Q? For Quiz, 12 n section go to 112 WIL with ~ 8:15! II. Endocrinology Overview [Lecture 10] G&H ch 75, 76 III.Med Physiol News Sex Allergy? Mom s eggs execute dad s mitochondria? Science News IV.Reproductive Physiology Primer G&H ch 82,81 +L Sherwood A. Female reproductive system fig 82-1, 82-2 B. Ovarian hormones +FB: estrogen, progesterone pp C. Follicle growth & ovulation mechanism fig 82-5, 82-3 D. Plasma gonadotropin & ovarian hormone [ ] in female sexual cycle fig 82-4 E. Female sexual cycle, menstruation fig 82-4, 82-9 F. Estrogen [ ] throughout lifespan, menopause fig G. Birth control techniques L Sherwood + G&H H. Male reproductive system fig 81-1 A & B I. Sperm & development fig 81-2, 81-7, 81-3, 81-4, 81-5 J. Feedback regulation in males fig K. Plasma testosterone [ ] throughout lifespan fig 81-9
2 Cushing s Syndrome = Hypersecretion of Cortisol: Hypothalamic (CRH), Pituitary (ACTH), or Adrenal (Cortisol) T = 0, near normal T = 4 months later
3 Endocrine or Hormone? 1 Made by gland? 2 Secreted into blood? 3 Acts on target?
4 Endocrine or Hormone Classifications Exogenous Endogenous Amino Acid, PP or Protein Porcine Thyroid Recombinant DNA Steroid Bovine
5 Steroid Hormone Structure: Cholesterol Backbone G&H 2016 fig 75-3, G&H 2011 fig 74-3
6 ANP = Atrial Natriuretic Polypeptide 1 2 Vasodilation G&H 2016 fig 75-1 G&H 2011 fig 74-1 BP
7 Krieger & Hughes 1980
8 Hypothalamus Posterior Pituitary Nervous Connection OXY ADH/VP Contraction of sexual smooth m H 2 O retention by kidneys G&H 2016 fig 76-9 G&H 2011 fig 75-9
9 Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Vascular Connection Releasing (RH)/ Release-Inhibiting (RIH) Hormones 1 of 6 Trophic/ Nourishing Hormones G&H 2016 fig 76-4 G&H 2011 fig 75-4
10 Capillary-Venule-Capillary Circulation NB: Ensures RH/RIH superconcentrated upon anterior pituitary! Krieger & Hughes 1980
11 Infindibulum/stalk Long hypophysealportal veins Pituitary removed! Krieger & Hughes 1980
12 G&H 2016 tab 75-1 G&H 2011 tab 74-1
13 Anterior Pituitary Metabolic Functions G&H 2016 fig 76-2 G&H 2011 fig 75-2
14 Hypothalamus SI Fox 2008 Anterior Pituitary
15 LS 1991
16 GH, a Protein Hormone (191 AA) G&H 2016 fig 76-5
17 LS2 2006
18 Progression & Development of Acromegaly LS 2012 fig 17-11
19 Growth Hormone Somatotrophic Hormone Body Builder s Dream?
20 GH/STH Effects: Insulin Resistance/Type II Diabetes? Amino acid uptake & protein synthesis Lipolysis & fatty acid mobilization Glucose uptake (skeletal muscle & adipocytes) Glucose production (liver glycogenolysis) Insulin secretion
21 Increase GH naturally with exercise & sleep!! cf: G&H 2016 fig 76-6 G&H 2011 fig 75-6
22 Questions + Discussion
23
24 Semen? G&H 2016 p 1024 G&H 2011 p 976 ~60% seminal vesicle fluid - mucoid, PGE 2, fructose, fibrinogen ~30% prostatic fluid - NaHCO 3, clotting enzyme, Ca 2+, profibrinolysin ~10% sperm + vas deferens fluid
25 May Day! May Day! We re doomed!!
26 Female Reproductive System G&H 2016 fig 82-1 G&H 2011 fig 81-1
27 1 Hypothalamus 1 0 Female Hormones _ GnRH _ 2 Anterior Pituitary Gonadotropes/Basophilic Cells FSH/Follicle Stimulating Hormone LH/Luteinizing Hormone 3 Target Organs Ovaries Ovary Follicles (~8-14) Ovary Corpus Luteum E/Estrogen (17-ß Estradiol) PRG/Progesterone
28 What Do Estrogen & Progesterone Do? Estrogen E Growth & Development of: 1. Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia 2. Breasts stroma, ductile systems, adipocytes 3. Skeleton osteoblastic activity Progesterone PRG Promotes Progestation! 1. Uterus: endometrium Secretory Δ during last ½ of monthly cycle 2. Breasts: lobules & alveoli 3. Uterus: smooth muscle excitability & motility 4. Hypothalamus: body temp ~ F
29 Uterus, Ovary & Uterine/Fallopian Tube G&H 2016 fig 82-2 G&H 2011 fig 81-2
30 Sheath or case Sac or cavity Grain or seed Stigma Yellow body Ovary cm Ovum ~100 μ. Egg G&H 2016 fig 82-5 G&H 2011 fig 81-4
31 Follicle undergoing atresia Primary Oocytes Ovum Graffian Follicle with developing ovum/egg Ovary cross section H Howard 1984
32 Proposed Ovulation Mechanism G&H 2016 fig 82-6 G&H 2011 fig 81-5
33 LS1 2004
34 Estrogen Production: Theca & Granulosa Cell Interaction G&H 2016 fig 82-8 G&H 2011 fig 81-7
35 G&H 2016 fig 82-4 G&H 2011 fig 81-3
36 Up to 6 mm thick! G&H 2016 fig 82-9 G&H 2011 fig 81-8
37 Home-pregnancy test + "morning" sickness? Basis of birth control pills false luteal phase LS2 2008
38 G&H 2016 fig G&H 2011 fig 81-11
39 , million 180 million LS1 2004, LS2 2012
40 Day 1 Day 4-5 Day 5-7 LS1 2004
41 ~ 30 mm ~ 56 days LS1 2007
42 LS1 2016, 2007 Abstinence works best! Yikes!, 20!
43 Important Facts 4 Million births in the US per yr 200 abortions per 1000 live births 638,169 legal abortions reported in 2015 Sperm survive for 48 hr to 5 d in female reproductive tract Eggs start to disintegrate hr > ovulation Ovulation varies & may be tough to predict
44 Male Reproductive System G&H 2016 fig 81-1 A G&H 2011 fig 80-1 A
45 ectomy G&H 2016 fig 81-1 B G&H 2011 fig 80-1 B
46 Interstitial/ Leydig Cells Seminiferous tubules Spermatogonia Testosterone Tails of developing sperm Testis cross section H Howard 1984
47 G&H 2016 fig 81-4 G&H 2011 fig 80-4
48 LS1 2007
49 LS1 2007
50 G&H 2016 fig 81-5 G&H 2011 fig 80-5
51 Behaviorial effects Male Feedback Regulation G&H 2016 fig G&H 2011 fig 80-10
52 G&H 2016 fig 81-9 G&H 2011 fig 80-9
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Lecture 28, The Reproductive System
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology Lecture 28, The Reproductive System SIXTH EDITION Frederic H. Martini Lecturer: Dr. Barjis Room: P313 Phone: (718) 260-5285 E-Mail: ibarjis@citytech.cuny.edu Copyright