Sexual differentiation:
|
|
- Molly Armstrong
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Abnormal Development of Female Genitalia Dr. Maryam Fetal development of gonads, external genitalia, Mullerian ducts and Wolffian ducts can be disrupted at a variety of points, leading to a wide range of conditions with large spectrum of clinical manifestation. Disorders of sex development (DSD) occur when w there is a disruption of either gonadal differentiation or sex steroid production or action. Disruption of embryological development leads to Mullerian & Wollfian ducts anomaly. Sexual differentiation: Differentiation of fertilized embryo into male or female fetus is controlled by the sex chromosomes. All normal fetuses have an undifferentiated gonad which has the potential to become either a test or ovary. In addition, all fetuses have both Mullerain and Wollfian ducts and the potential to develop male or female internal or external genitalia. The chromosomal complement of the zygote determines whether the indifferent goand becomes a testis or an ovary. Presence of SRY (sex determining region of the Y chromosome) causes the bi-potential gonad to begin development into testis. In the past, ovarian development was considered to be due to absence of SYR, however, recently ovarian determining genes have also been found. Development of the gonad to the testis leads to production of two hormones that is anti Mullerian hormones that suppresses development of the Mullerian ducts and testosterone that stimulates the Wollfian duct development to internal genitalia, and by its conversion to dihydrotestosteron will leads to virilization of external genitalia. Where the gonad becomes an ovary, the absence of AMH allows the Mullerian structure to develop. 1
2 Standard female pathway: The presence of the ovary is not required for regression of Wolffian duct, and it is the absence of local testosterone that causes their regression. Also the absence of testosterone leads to an absence of peripheral DHT and directs the genital tubercle, urogenital sinus, urogenital folds and labioscrotal swelling to develop into clitoris, lower vagian, labia minora and labia majora, respectively. As the AMH is not produced by fetal ovary, the Mullerian ducts continue to develop. The cranial ends of the Mullerian ducts are independent of the Wolffian duct and remain separate as the fallopian tube. At 8-10 weeks, the pelvic part has fused and subsequent breakdown of their medial walls leads to a single tube, which will become the upper vagina, cervix and the uterine epithelium and glands. At the caudal end, the fused Mullerian ducts form the Mullerian tubercle which connects to urogenital sinus that develops into the paired sinivaginal bulbs and form vaginal plate which later on canalize. Disordered sex development: DSD are conditions where the sequence of events for normal sex development will not occur. This could be at the level of: a- Chromosome. b- Gonads. c- Anatomical. 2
3 Anatomical abnormalities: Mullerian anomalies: These are common and are associated with renal tract anomalies in 30% of cases. Incidence: These occur in up to 6% of female population, the incidence is higher in sub fertile women. The most common are sepatate and bicornuate anomalies. Etiology: The cause of Mullerian anomalies is unknown; they may be due to genetic errors, teratogenic events, or a combination of theses. Only a minority of cases appear to have a family history, its assumed that there has been failure of fusion of the two Mullerian ducts, failure of one or both ducts to develop, or failure of resorption of the areas of Mullerian duct fusion. The cause of transvers vaginal septae is unknown. Mullerian obstruction: Failure of complete canalization of the Mullerian structures can lead to menstrual obstruction. The obstruction most commonly occurs at the junction of the lower third of the vagina at the level of the hymn, although more proximal obstruction can occur. Such failure will lead to the formation of vaginal septae and these may be horizontal septae, vertical septae or the vagina may be absent. 1-Transvers septae. Usually this presents with imperforated hymn, there may be primary amenorrhea with increasing cyclical abdominal pain in a girl early in adolescence, usually there is history of previous cyclical abdominal pain over the last few months. Some time the patient may present with urinary retention. The retained menstrual blood stretches the vagina causing haematocolpus. This can cause a large pelvic mass and in addition can usually be seen as a bulging membrane at the vaginal entrance. Sometime this will be presented in neonatal life as a mucocolpos. 3
4 Treatment: If obstruction is caused simply by the hymen (blood looks blue behind it) then a cruciate incision,usu. under anesthesia with drainage of blood,is all that is required. If the septum looks pink rather than blue the situation is potentially more serious and should be referred to a specialist surgeon. If the septum is in the low or midportion of the vagina, total excision and re-suturing is necessary. If the septum is high, a combined abdominal and vaginal approach may be required. Pregnancy rates are excellent with low septae, but only around 25% for those higher in the vagina. 2-Vertical septae. These may be associated with abnormal uterine development. Although presentation may be with dyspareunia or infertility, they may occasionally present in advanced labor. They can be surgically removed. 3-Vaginal atresia. This is associated with an absent, or only a rudimentary, uterus & is known as the Rokitansky syndrome (also called Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser- syndrome). This condition is agenesis or hypoplasia of the vagina and uterus. The uterus is either absent or consist of small central rudimentary bud. The cause is unknown Presentation is at puberty with amenorrhoea (or cryptomenorrhoea) in the presence of normal secondary sexual characteristics. Investigation is as for primary amenorrhea and renal tract should be cheked because of associated 40% renal tract anomalies. Intersex should be excluding. Management: psychological support to accept the diagnosis and understand that they can establish relationship. Then intervention to help creates or enlarges the vagina by surgical vaginoplasty and self-applied vaginal dilatation therapy to improve sexual function. Uterine transplant is not studied until now fertility may be improved by surrogacy. It is possible to create a vagina with regular use of vaginal dilators, or by one of a variety of surgical techniques. Surrogacy is an option for childbearing. 4
5 Mullerian duplication or fusion anomalies: Duplication of Mullerian system can occur resulting in a wide range of anomalies, usu. of the uterus. It may be a complete duplication of the uterus, cervix & vagina. Types: a- Bicornuate uterus: if the corneal part of the uterus remains separate, it will give rise to heart-shaped appearance known as bicornuate uterus. There is no evidence that such minor degrees of this defect give rise to clinical feature or it only give rise to features of menstrual dysfunction like oligomenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea or menorrhagia. However, the presence of a septum extending over some or all uterine cavity is likely to give rise to clinical features like recurrent miscarriage, malpresentation, persistent transverse lie in late pregnancy and preterm labor. A 'Strassman' procedure will correct the defect, but the benefits for pregnancy are unproven. A bicornuate uterus may be asymmetrical with one side hypo plastic Pregnancy in the hypo plastic horn carries a risk of rupture. b- -Unicornuate uterus. With this there is a higher miscarriage rate and risk of preterm labor. c- Uterine didelphys: complete duplication of the uterus and cervix (didelphys0, if associated with clinical problem, may prevent descent of the head in late pregnancy, or obstruct labor by the non-pregnant horn. d- Rudimentary horn: development of one horn may give rise to a very serious situation if the pregnancy is implanted there. Rapture of the horn with profound bleeding may occur as the pregnancy increase in size. The clinical picture will resemble that of ruptured ectopic pregnancy, with the difference that the amenorrhea will probably be measured in month rather than weeks. Vulval anomalies: Rarely, anomalies in the development of bowel or bladder may give rise to considerable abnormalities in the appearance of the vulva. Bladder exstrophy will give rise to bifid clitoris and anterior displacement of the vagina. Wolffian duct anomalies: Remnant of the lower part of the Wolffian duct may be evident as vaginal cysts, whereas remnants of the upper part are evident as thin-walled cysts lying within the layer of broad ligament (paraovarian cysts), they may cause dyspareunia. 5
Normal and Abnormal Development of the Genital Tract. Dr.Raghad Abdul-Halim
Normal and Abnormal Development of the Genital Tract Dr.Raghad Abdul-Halim objectives: Revision of embryology. Clinical presentation, investigations and clinical significance of most common developmental
More information1) Intersexuality - Dr. Huda
1) Intersexuality - Dr. Huda DSD (Disorders of sex development) occur when there is disruption of either: Gonadal differentiation Fetal sex steroid production or action Mullerian abnormalities and Wolffian
More informationGrand Rounds Mullerian Anomalies. Sara Schaenzer, PGY-3 9/26/18
Grand Rounds Mullerian Anomalies Sara Schaenzer, PGY-3 9/26/18 Background Congenital uterine anomalies occur in 2-4% of women Three times more common in women with recurrent pregnancy loss True incidence
More informationunder its influence, male development occurs; in its absence, female development is established.
Sex differentiation is a complex process that involves many genes, including some that are autosomal. The key to sexual dimorphism is the Y chromosome, which contains the testis determining gene called
More informationEMBRYOLOGIC BASIS OF FEMALE CONGENITAL TRACT MALFORMATIONS
EMBRYOLOGIC BASIS OF FEMALE CONGENITAL TRACT MALFORMATIONS Prof. Pedro Acién, MD, FRCOG Maribel Acién, MD San Juan University Hospital/ Miguel Hernández University Campus of San Juan. Alicante. Spain Instituto
More informationW.S. O University of Hong Kong
W.S. O University of Hong Kong Development of the Genital System 1. Sexual differentiation 2. Differentiation of the gonads a. Germ cells extragonadal in origin b. Genital ridge intermediate mesoderm consisting
More informationChapter 18 Development. Sexual Differentiation
Chapter 18 Development Sexual Differentiation There Are Many Levels of Sex Determination Chromosomal Sex Gonadal Sex Internal Sex Organs External Sex Organs Brain Sex Gender Identity Gender Preference
More informationObstetrics Content Outline Obstetrics - Fetal Abnormalities
Obstetrics Content Outline Obstetrics - Fetal Abnormalities Effective February 2007 10 16% renal agenesis complete absence of the kidneys occurs when ureteric buds fail to develop Or degenerate before
More informationUrogenital System. PUMC Dept. of Anat. Hist. & Embry. 钱晓菁 XIAO-JING QIAN Dept. of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology Peking Union Medical College
Urogenital System 钱晓菁 XIAO-JING QIAN Dept. of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology Peking Union Medical College intermediate mesoderm urogenital ridge mesonephric ridge genital ridge I. Urinary System 1. kidney
More informationFemale Reproductive System
Female Reproductive System (Part A-1) Module 10 -Chapter 12 Overview Female reproductive organs Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus and vagina Mammary glands Menstrual cycle Pregnancy Labor and childbirth Menopause
More informationDevelopment of the Genital System
Development of the Genital System Professor Alfred Cuschieri Department of Anatomy University of Malta The mesonephros develops primitive nephrotomes draining into a mesonephric duct nephrotome mesonephric
More informationThe Female Reproductive System
The Female Reproductive System STD X The female reproductive system consists of a pair of ovaries, a pair of oviducts, uterus, a vagina and the outermost part - the vulva. 1 1. Ovaries The ovaries are
More informationDevelopment of the urogenital system
Development of the urogenital system Location of the pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros Differentiation of the intermedierm mesoderm into nephrotome and mesonephric tubules Connection between aorta
More informationPHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION
PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION Prof. Dr med. Jolanta Słowikowska-Hilczer Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology Medical University of Łódź, Poland Sexual determination
More informationDEFINITION: Masculinization of external genitalia in patients with normal 46XX karyotype.
INTERSEX DISORDERS DEFINITION: Masculinization of external genitalia in patients with normal 46XX karyotype. - Degree of masculinization variable: - mild clitoromegaly - complete fusion of labia folds
More informationMu llerian Anomalies. Introduction
CLINICAL OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY Volume 51, Number 1, 214 222 r 2008, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Mu llerian Anomalies LEE P. SHULMAN, MD The Anna Ross Lapham Professor in Obstetrics and Gynecology,
More informationSTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Unit 7B STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Learn the structures of the female reproductive tract. 2. Learn the functions of the female reproductive tract. 3.
More informationDevelopment of the female Reproductive System. Dr. Susheela Rani
Development of the female Reproductive System Dr. Susheela Rani Genital System Gonads Internal genitals External genitals Determining sex chronology of events Genetic sex Determined at fertilization Gonadal
More information1. Be able to characterize the menstrual cycle from the perspective of the ovary a. Follicular phase b. Luteal phase
Human Sexuality Exam II Review Material Gametogenesis: Oogenesis 1. Be able to characterize the menstrual cycle from the perspective of the ovary a. Follicular phase b. Luteal phase 2. Know the relative
More informationCONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT ANOMALIES OF THE VAGINA, CERVIX, UTERUS, AND ADNEXA INA S. IRABON, MD, FPOGS, FPSRM, FPSGE OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
More informationSexual differentiation is sequential process:
Genital lsystem J. H. Lue Sexual differentiation is sequential process:.genetic (chromosomal) sex -- determined at fertilization.gonad sex -- is differentiated after 7th week.phenotypic sex -- under normal
More informationUrinary system development. Male ( ) and Female ( ) Reproductive Systems Development
Urinary system development Male ( ) and Female ( ) Reproductive Systems Development Urogenital system develops from mesodermal uro-genital ridge (intermediate mesoderm) development of male and female genital
More informationCONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES OF GENITAL TRACT - VAGINAL DEFECTS
CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES OF GENITAL TRACT - VAGINAL DEFECTS Abstract Pages with reference to book, From 256 To 261 Asif Zia Akhtar ( Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi.
More informationMullerian duct anomalies presenting with primary amenorrhoea
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology Chandrayan P et al. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Feb;5(2):300-305 www.ijrcog.org pissn 2320-1770 eissn 2320-1789
More informationUterovaginal Anomalies: Diagnosis and Current Management in Teens
Uterovaginal Anomalies: Diagnosis and Current Management in Teens Jay Spence, MD, Patricia Gervaize, PhD, and Shilpa Jain, MD Address Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
More informationFLASH CARDS. Kalat s Book Chapter 11 Alphabetical
FLASH CARDS www.biologicalpsych.com Kalat s Book Chapter 11 Alphabetical alpha-fetoprotein alpha-fetoprotein Alpha-Fetal Protein (AFP) or alpha-1- fetoprotein. During a prenatal sensitive period, estradiol
More informationHuman Sexuality - Ch. 2 Sexual Anatomy (Hock)
Human Sexuality - Ch. 2 Sexual Anatomy (Hock) penis penile glans corona frenulum penile shaft erection foreskin circumcision corpora cavernosa corpus spongiosum urethra scrotum spermatic cords testicles
More information- production of two types of gametes -- fused at fertilization to form zygote
Male reproductive system I. Sexual reproduction -- overview - production of two types of gametes -- fused at fertilization to form zygote - promotes genetic variety among members of a species -- each offspring
More informationA National Model of Care for Paediatric Healthcare Services in Ireland Chapter 28: Paediatric Gynaecology
A National Model of Care for Paediatric Healthcare Services in Ireland Chapter 28: Paediatric Gynaecology Clinical Strategy and Programmes Division Table of Contents 28.0 Introduction 2 28.1 Current Service
More informationEmbryology /organogenesis/ Week 4 Development and teratology of reproductive system.
Embryology /organogenesis/ Week 4 Development and teratology of reproductive system. Male or female sex is determined by spermatozoon Y in the moment of fertilization SRY gene, on the short arm of the
More informationUterine prolapse & Fistulas. Raja Nursing Instructor RN, DCHN, Post RN. BSc.N
Uterine prolapse & Fistulas Raja Nursing Instructor RN, DCHN, Post RN. BSc.N 31/03/2016 Objectives 1. Review the anatomy & physiology of female reproductive system 2. Discuss the causes, pathophysiology,
More informationPELVIS II: FUNCTION TABOOS (THE VISCERA) Defecation Urination Ejaculation Conception
PELVIS II: FUNCTION TABOOS (THE VISCERA) Defecation Urination Ejaculation Conception REVIEW OF PELVIS I Pelvic brim, inlet Pelvic outlet True pelvis-- --viscera Tilt forward Mid-sagital views-- --how the
More informationClinical Standards for Service Planning in PAG
The British Society for Paediatric & Adolescent Gynaecology. Clinical Standards for Service Planning in PAG Introduction The management of young children and adolescents with gynaecological problems (aged
More informationChapter 46 ~ Animal Reproduction
Chapter 46 ~ Animal Reproduction Overview Asexual (one parent) fission (parent separation) budding (corals) fragmentation & regeneration (inverts) parthenogenesis Sexual (fusion of haploid gametes) gametes
More informationCongenital Anomalies of the Genital Tract
Congenital Anomalies of the Genital Tract Prof Keith Edmonds Queen Charlotte s and Chelsea Hospital Imperial College London SSO&G Jonkoping 2015 Should Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology be Centralised?
More informationHuman Reproductive System
Human Reproductive System I. The male reproductive anatomy is a delivery system for sperm. A. The male s external reproductive organs consist of the scrotum and penis. 1. The penis is the external organ
More information4.05 Remember the structures of the reproductive system
4.05 Remember the structures of the reproductive system 4.05 Remember the structures of the reproductive system Essential question What are the structures of the reproductive system? 2 Structures of the
More information10. Development of genital system. Gonads. Genital ducts. External genitalia.
10. Development of genital system. Gonads. Genital ducts. External genitalia. Gonads, genital ducts and the external genital organs initially pass through an indifferent period of development, which is
More informationBio 322 Human Anatomy Objectives for the laboratory exercise Female Reproductive System
Bio 322 Human Anatomy Objectives for the laboratory exercise Female Reproductive System Required reading before beginning this lab: Saladin, KS: Human Anatomy 5 th ed (2017) Chapter 26 For this lab you
More information4.05 Remember the structures of the reproductive system
4.05 Remember the structures of the reproductive system Scrub In The external area between the vulva and the anus is the : a. Cervix b. Endometrium c. Perineum d. Vagina What structure connects the testes
More informationEmbryology of the Female Reproductive Tract
Embryology of the Female Reproductive Tract Andrew Healey Contents 1 Introduction... 21 2 Embryology of the Female Genitourinary Tract... 22 2.1 Development of the Gonads... 22 2.2 Relationship Between
More informationHealth Science: the structures & functions of the reproductive system
Health Science: the structures & functions of the reproductive BELLWORK 1. List (4) careers that are r/t the Reproductive, Urinary, and Endocrine Systems 2. Copy down the following terms: -ologist = one
More information11. SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION. Germinal cells, gonocytes. Indifferent stage INDIFFERENT STAGE
11. SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION INDIFFERENT STAGE Early in pregnancy, (within 10-15 % of the pregnancy s expected length) a genital ridge is formed in the sides of the embryonic tissue, ventral to the mesonephros
More informationHuman Reproductive System
Human Reproductive System I. The male reproductive anatomy is a delivery system for sperm. A. The male=s external reproductive organs consist of the scrotum and penis. 1. The penis is the external organ
More informationPrimary Amenorrhea, age 16: Recent Reflections. David A Grainger MD, MPH February 1, 2017
Primary Amenorrhea, age 16: Recent Reflections David A Grainger MD, MPH February 1, 2017 Primary Amenorrhea No menses by age 13-14 WITHOUT BREAST DEVELOPMENT No menses by age 15-16 WITH BREAST DEVELOPMENT
More informationAnimal Science 434 Reproductive Physiology"
Animal Science 434 Reproductive Physiology" Embryogenesis of the Pituitary and Sexual Development: Part A Development of the Pituitary Gland" Infundibulum" Brain" Rathke s Pouch" Stomodeum" Germ Cell Migration"
More informationREPRODUCCIÓN. La idea fija. Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
REPRODUCCIÓN La idea fija How male and female reproductive systems differentiate The reproductive organs and how they work How gametes are produced and fertilized Pregnancy, stages of development, birth
More informationSex Determination and Development of Reproductive Organs
Sex Determination and Development of Reproductive Organs Sex determination The SRY + gene is necessary and probably sufficient for testis development The earliest sexual difference appears in the gonad
More informationOutline. Male Reproductive System Testes and Sperm Hormonal Regulation
Outline Male Reproductive System Testes and Sperm Hormonal Regulation Female Reproductive System Genital Tract Hormonal Levels Uterine Cycle Fertilization and Pregnancy Control of Reproduction Infertility
More informationLet s Talk About Hormones!
Let s Talk About Hormones! This lesson was created by Serena Reves and Nichelle Penney, with materials from the BCTF and The Pride Education Network. Hormones are responsible for the regulation of many
More informationAnalysis of Mullerian developmental defects in a tertiary care hospital: a four year experience
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology Patel SN et al. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Jun;4(3):570-574 www.ijrcog.org pissn 2320-1770 eissn 2320-1789
More informationFemale Reproduction. Ova- Female reproduction cells stored in the ovaries
Reproduction Puberty stage of growth and development where males and females become capable of producing offspring. Time of physical and emotional changes. Female *occurs between ages 8 -- 15 *estrogen
More informationCore Module 13: Gynaecological Problems
Core Module 13: Gynaecological Problems Learning outcomes: To understand and demonstrate appropriate knowledge, skills and attitudes in relation to common gynaecological disorders To understand paediatric
More informationIntersex Genital Mutilations in ICD-10 Zwischengeschlecht.org / StopIGM.org 2014 (v2.1)
Intersex Genital Mutilations in ICD-10 Zwischengeschlecht.org / StopIGM.org 2014 (v2.1) ICD-10 Codes and Descriptions: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en 1. Reference: 17 Most Common
More informationSexual Development. 6 Stages of Development
6 Sexual Development 6 Stages of Development Development passes through distinct stages, the first of which is fertilization, when one sperm enters one ovum. To enter an ovum, a sperm must undergo the
More information6.7 IN. Continuity through Reproduction. What are the differences between male and female gametes? Discuss their formation and physical attributes.
6.7 IN What are the differences between male and female gametes? Discuss their formation and physical attributes. Males - 4 sperm per parent cell; Females - 1 ovum per parent cell Sperm - motile (tail);
More informationMidgut. Over its entire length the midgut is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery
Gi Embryology 3 Midgut the midgut is suspended from the dorsal abdominal wall by a short mesentery and communicates with the yolk sac by way of the vitelline duct or yolk stalk Over its entire length the
More informationDisordered Sex Differentiation Mixed gonadal dysgenesis Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Mixed gonadal dysgenesis
Disordered Sex Differentiation DSD has superceded intersex in describing genital anomalies in childhood DSD results from hormonal imbalances due to (i) abnormal genetic status, (ii) enzyme defects, or
More informationGrade 9 Science - Human Reproduction
Grade 9 Science - Human Reproduction The human reproductive system is a series of organs that work together for one purpose: reproduction (creating new humans). Each part has a specific role in the reproductive
More informationSISTEMA REPRODUCTOR (LA IDEA FIJA) Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
SISTEMA REPRODUCTOR (LA IDEA FIJA) How male and female reproductive systems differentiate The reproductive organs and how they work How gametes are produced and fertilized Pregnancy, stages of development,
More informationBIOL 2402 Reproductive Systems!
Dr. Chris Doumen! Female Reproductive Anatomy BIOL 2402 Reproductive Systems! Establishing the Ovarian Cycle During childhood, until puberty Ovaries grow and secrete small amounts of estrogens Estrogen
More informationChapter 22 The Reproductive System (I)
Chapter 22 The Reproductive System (I) An Overview of Reproductive Physiology o The Male Reproductive System o The Female Reproductive System 22.1 Reproductive System Overview Reproductive system = all
More informationMartin Ritzén. bioscience explained Vol 7 No 2. Girl or boy: What guides gender development and how can this be a problem within
Martin Ritzén Professor emeritus, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Girl or boy: What guides gender development and how can this be a problem within sport? Introduction During the 2009 athletics
More informationAnimal Science 434 Reproductive Physiology
Animal Science 434 Reproductive Physiology Development of the Pituitary Gland Lec 5: Embryogenesis of the Pituitary and Sexual Development Stomodeum Brain Infundibulum Rathke s Pouch Germ Cell Migration
More informationIN SUMMARY HST 071 NORMAL & ABNORMAL SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION Fetal Sex Differentiation Postnatal Diagnosis and Management of Intersex Abnormalities
Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology HST.071: Human Reproductive Biology Course Director: Professor Henry Klapholz IN SUMMARY HST 071 Title: Fetal Sex Differentiation Postnatal Diagnosis
More informationA Young Asian Girl with MRKH Type B Syndrome: A Case Report
A Young Asian Girl with MRKH Type B Syndrome: A Case Report Nidhi Jain 1, Pardaman Singh 2, Deepak Goel 3, Jyotsna kamra 4 1,4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maharaja Agarsein Medical College,
More informationReproductive System. Where it all begins
Reproductive System Where it all begins When it comes the reproductive anatomy of my gender, I would rate my knowledge (1 very poor, 10 excellent) When it comes the reproductive anatomy of the opposite
More informationFEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM UTERUS (made up of muscular walls, a lining called the endometrium, and a cervix. The uterus is also called womb ) houses and protects embryo/fetus/baby allows nutrient & waste
More informationQuestion Bank III - BHMS
Question Bank III - BHMS Sub:- Ob/Gy -Paper-II 1. Give the definition of Puberty. 2. Enumerate five important physical changes evident during puberty. 3. Write down the vaginal changes during puberty.
More informationDevelopment of the Urinary System
Development of the Urinary System Lecture Objectives Understand the development of the kidney and related organs of the urinary system. Define the pronephrons, mesonephrons and metanephrons. Understand
More information2/28/2018. This presentation contains images of a graphic nature and are presented for medical education only. New Terminology Old Problem!
This presentation contains images of a graphic nature and are presented for medical education only. New Terminology Old Problem! Dr. Chevelta A. Smith Adjunct Professor of LECOM - OB/Gyn March 3, 2018
More informationLEARNER OUTCOME 2 W-5.3:
GRADE 5 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY LESSON 3 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Lesson 3 1 GRADE 5 LEARNER OUTCOME 2 W-5.3: Identify the basic components of the human reproductive system, and describe the basic functions of
More informationMale and Female Reproduction
Male and Female Reproduction Similarities / Differences Develop very similar structures of sex glands Two genital tubes Manufacture the hormones of the other sex. Hormones of one sex are often used to
More informationApproach to Disorders of Sex Development (DSD)
Approach to Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) Old name: The Approach to Intersex Disorders Dr. Abdulmoein Al-Agha, FRCP Ass. Professor & Consultant Pediatric Endocrinologist, KAUH, Erfan Hospital & Ibn
More information17. Sex. Being Male and Female
17. Sex Being Male and Female Reproduction Asexual: more efficient (Only 1 sex) Low genetic variation Sexual: prevalent (2 sexes, separate or not) High genetic variation Need 2 members of the same species
More informationHearing on SJR13 -- Proposes to amend the Nevada Constitution by repealing the limitation on the recognition of marriage.
Written statement of Lauren A. Scott- Executive Director Equality Nevada. 1350 Freeport Blvd, #107 Sparks, Nevada 89431 Testimony and Statement for the Record of Hearing on SJR13 -- Proposes to amend the
More informationReconstructive And Conservative Surgery by Tubal Implantation in Mullerian Anomalies A Case Report
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 15, Issue 6 Ver. III (July. 2016), PP 105-110 www.iosrjournals.org Reconstructive And Conservative Surgery
More informationBiology of Reproduction- Zool 346 Exam 2
Biology of Reproduction- Zool 346 Exam 2 ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS ON THE ANSWER SHEET. THE ANSWER ON THE ANSWER SHEET IS YOUR OFFICIAL ANSWER. Some critical words are boldfaced. This exam is 7 pages long.
More informationA. Incorrect! Think of a therapy that reduces prostaglandin synthesis. B. Incorrect! Think of a therapy that reduces prostaglandin synthesis.
USMLE Step 1 - Problem Drill 02: Embryology Question No. 1 of 10 1. A premature infant is born with a patent ductus arteriosis. Which of the following treatments may be used as part of the treatment regimen?
More informationHearing on SJR13 -- Proposes to amend the Nevada Constitution by repealing the limitation on the recognition of marriage.
Written statement of Lauren A. Scott- Executive Director Equality Nevada 1350 Freeport Blvd, #107 Sparks, Nevada 89431 Testimony and Statement for the Record of Hearing on SJR13 -- Proposes to amend the
More informationANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY HOMEWORK CHAPTER 15 AND 16
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY HOMEWORK CHAPTER 15 AND 16 Name Identify the following: 1) The ureter is indicated by letter 2) The renal pyramid is indicated by letter 3) The fibrous capsule is indicated by letter
More informationTestes (male gonads) -Produce sperm -Produce sex hormones -Found in a sac called the scrotum -Suspended outside of the body cavity for temperature
REPRODUCTION Testes (male gonads) -Produce sperm -Produce sex hormones -Found in a sac called the scrotum -Suspended outside of the body cavity for temperature reduction -Testes wall made of fibrous connective
More informationUnit B Understanding Animal Body Systems. Lesson 6 Anatomy and Physiology of Animal Reproduction Systems
Unit B Understanding Animal Body Systems Lesson 6 Anatomy and Physiology of Animal Reproduction Systems 1 Terms Alimentary canal Bladder Cervix Clitoris Cloaca Copulation Cowper s gland Epididymis Fallopian
More informationThe Reproductive System
The Reproductive System The Reproductive System Gonads primary sex organs Testes in males Ovaries in females Gonads produce gametes (sex cells) and secrete hormones Sperm male gametes Ova (eggs) female
More informationMale Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System The male reproductive system consists of a number of sex organs that are part of the reproductive process. The following sections describe the function of each part of the male
More informationManagement of Reproductive Tract Anomalies
DOI 10.1007/s13224-017-1001-8 INVITED MINI REVIEW Garima Kachhawa 1 Alka Kriplani 1 Received: 29 March 2017 / Accepted: 21 April 2017 / Published online: 2 May 2017 Ó Federation of Obstetric & Gynecological
More informationChapter 2. Reproductive system matures and becomes capable of reproduction
Chapter 2 Human Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology Key Terms Embryo Menarche Menopause Oxytocin Ovum Prostate gland Puberty Smegma zygote Puberty Involves changes in the whole body and psyche Reproductive
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF THE ADRENAL GLAND; TESTES AND MESONEPHRIC DUCT. Reading Assignment: The Developing Human, Clinically Oriented Embryology pp
Developmental Anatomy Steven M. Hill, Ph.D. 9/16/13 DEVELOPMENT OF THE ADRENAL GLAND; TESTES AND MESONEPHRIC DUCT Reading Assignment: The Developing Human, Clinically Oriented Embryology pp. 264-273. Objectives:
More informationBiology of Reproduction-Biol 326
Biology of Reproduction-Biol 326 READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS ON THE ANSWER SHEET. THE ANSWER ON THE ANSWER SHEET IS YOUR OFFICIAL ANSWER REGARDLESS OF WHAT YOU MARK ON THE
More informationObjectives: 1. Review male & female reproductive anatomy 2. Gametogenesis & steroidogenesis 3. Reproductive problems
CH. 15 - REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Objectives: 1. Review male & female reproductive anatomy 2. Gametogenesis & steroidogenesis 3. Reproductive problems 3. Male Reproductive anatomy and physiology. Testes = paired
More informationChapter 14 The Reproductive System
Biology 12 Name: Reproductive System Per: Date: Chapter 14 The Reproductive System Complete using BC Biology 12, page 436-467 14. 1 Male Reproductive System pages 440-443 1. Distinguish between gametes
More informationReproductive System: Male
Reproductive System Reproductive System: Male Produces new life Same types of organs for males and females Gonads, or sex glands Male organs located mainly outside of body Testes The male gonads Located
More informationWhat are the main functions of the male reproductive system? 1. Produce sperm 2. Deposit sperm into the female 3. Provide a pathway for the removal
What are the main functions of the male reproductive system? 1. Produce sperm 2. Deposit sperm into the female 3. Provide a pathway for the removal of urine Where is sperm produced? -In the 2 testes What
More informationAMBIGUOUS GENITALIA. Dr. HAKIMI, SpAK. Dr. MELDA DELIANA, SpAK
AMBIGUOUS GENITALIA (DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT) Dr. HAKIMI, SpAK Dr. MELDA DELIANA, SpAK Dr. SISKA MAYASARI LUBIS, SpA Pediatric Endocrinology division USU/H. ADAM MALIK HOSPITAL 1 INTRODUCTION Normal
More informationDevelopment of Urinary System
Jordan University Faculty Of Medicine Development of Urinary System Dr. Ahmed Salman Assistant professor of anatomy & embryology Development of the upper urinary system It is developed from the intraembryonic
More informationChapter 22 Reproductive Systems. Male Reproductive Organs. Male Reproductive Organs. Specialized to produce, maintain the male sex cells (sperm)
Chapter 22 Reproductive Systems Male reproductive organs 1 Male Reproductive Organs posterior view 2 Male Reproductive Organs Specialized to produce, maintain the male sex cells (sperm) Transport these
More informationChapter 7 DEVELOPMENT AND SEX DETERMINATION
Chapter 7 DEVELOPMENT AND SEX DETERMINATION Chapter Summary The male and female reproductive systems produce the sperm and eggs, and promote their meeting and fusion, which results in a fertilized egg.
More informationUrinary System. ectoderm. notochord. mesonephric tubules. Nephrogenic Cord (left)
Urinary System NOTE: Urine proion requires an increased capillary surface area (glomeruli), epithelial s to collect plasma filtrate and extract desirable constituents, and a system to convey urine away
More informationChapter 26: Reproductive Systems. Male 11/29/2015. Male reproductive system is composed of... BIO 218 Fall Gonads (testes)
Chapter 26: Reproductive Systems BIO 218 Fall 2015 Male Male reproductive system is composed of... Gonads (testes) Duct system (epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra) Accessory sex glands
More informationFemale Reproductive System
21 Female Reproductive System I. Introduction to the Female Reproductive System Concept: The female reproductive system produces ova, secretes sex hormones, receives spermatozoa from the male, and provides
More information