Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abdominal myomectomy in leiomyoma management, 77 Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) described, normal menstrual bleeding vs., in reproductive-aged women, discussion of, 113 evaluation of, history and physical examination in, laboratory testing in, uterine-related, introduction, management of, antifibrinolytics in, 112 hormonal therapies in, medical, NSAIDs in, surgical therapies in, Acne hyperandrogenism and, Acupuncture Age at menarche leiomyoma related to, 68 Age-related infertility, discussion, introduction, maternal and fetal risks associated with, 21 ovarian reserve management and treatment, ovarian reserve testing, physiology of reproductive aging, Aging reproductive physiology of, Alloimmune factors RPL related to, 123 Aneuploidy miscarriage and, 125 Anovulation clomiphene citrate resistant exogenous gonadotropins for, 33 Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am 42 (2015) /15/$ see front matter ª 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. obgyn.theclinics.com

2 182 Index Anovulatory infertility clomiphene citrate for, Antifibrinolytics in AUB management in reproductive-aged women, 112 Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) RPL related to, Antiprogestin(s) in endometriosis management, APS. See Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) Aromatase inhibitors in endometriosis management, 91 in ovulation induction, ARTs. See Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). See also specific types, e.g., Sperm cryopreservation fertility preservation in age of, See also Fertility preservation, in age of ARTs luteal phase support during, donor to recipient cycles, 145 FET, 145 in vitro fertilization, AUB. See Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) B Behavioral therapy Bioidentical hormones in hot flashes management, 169 Black cohosh Bleeding menstrual normal, 104 uterine abnormal in reproductive-aged women, See also Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) Bone density low, 174 C Cardiovascular disease, CHCs. See Combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) Clomiphene citrate in anovulatory infertility management, in ovulation induction, See also Ovulation induction, treatment regimens, clomiphene citrate in in unexplained infertility, 29 Clomiphene citrate resistant anovulation exogenous gonadotropins for, 33

3 Index 183 Clonidine in hot flashes management, 172 Combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) in endometriosis management, 89 Conception natural means for enhancing, 2 Contraceptive(s) combined hormonal in endometriosis management, 89 progestin-only in endometriosis management, 90 Cryopreservation technologies in fertility preservation, See also specific types oocyte and embryo cryopreservation, sperm cryopreservation, D Danazol in endometriosis management, 91 Deep infiltrating endometriosis surgical management of, 92 Donor to recipient cycles luteal phase support during, 145 E Endocrine system PCOS effects on, See also Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), endocrine and reproductive effects of Endometrioma surgical management of, Endometriosis deep infiltrating surgical management of, 92 described, infertility related to, stage I/II endometriosis, stage III/IV endometriosis, 95 introduction, management of, current strategies in, medical treatment in, antiprogestins, aromatase inhibitors, 91 CHCs, 89 danazol, 91 etonogestrel, 90 GnRHa, 91 LNG-IUS, 90

4 184 Index Endometriosis (continued) progestin(s), progestin-only contraceptives, 90 surgical therapies in, preoperative imaging, 92 pain associated with, 88 pathophysiologic mechanisms of, 88 symptoms of, Endometrium PCOS effects on, Environmental factors RPL related to, Estrogen therapy in hot flashes management, Ethical concerns in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization, 46 Etonogestrel in endometriosis management, 90 Eugonadotropic hypogonadism exogenous gonadotropins for, 34 Exercise(s) Exogenous gonadotropins in ovulation induction, See also Ovulation induction, treatment regimens, exogenous gonadotropins in F Fertility potential preservation of in women, Fertility preservation in age of ARTs, couples undergoing in vitro fertilization with ethical or moral concerns, 46 cryopreservation technologies, GnRHa in setting of oncofertility, introduction, 40 oncologic applications, psychological consequences of in men, in women, women with genetic conditions, 46 women with ovarian transposition, women with uterine transplantation, 47 FET. See Frozen embryo transfer (FET) Fibroid(s) costs related to, 67 infertility related to, 67 treatment of adjuvant therapy in, hysterectomy in, 67, 71 73

5 Index 185 medical therapy in, Frozen embryo transfer (FET) luteal phase support during, 145 G Gabapentin in hot flashes management, 172 Genetic conditions fertility preservation in women with, 46 RPL related to, parental balanced translocations, Genetic screening for male factor infertility, Glucocorticoids in ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate, 30 GnRHa. See Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) Gonadotropin(s) exogenous in ovulation induction, See also Ovulation induction, treatment regimens, exogenous gonadotropins in Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) in endometriosis management, 91 in setting of oncofertility, H hcg. See Human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) Health maintenance general, 163 Hirsutism hyperandrogenism and, 58 Hormonal conditions RPL related to, 122 Hormonal therapies in AUB management in reproductive-aged women, in hot flashes management, Hot flashes, cause of, 165 described, differential diagnoses of, 166 effects of, 166 risk factors for, 165 treatment of acupuncture in, 173 behavioral changes in, 173 bioidentical hormones in, 169 black cohosh in, 173 clonidine in, 172 estrogen therapy in, exercise in, 173

6 186 Index Hot (continued ) gabapentin in, 172 nonestrogen pharmaceutical therapies in, nonpharmaceutical therapies in, omega-3 fatty acids in, 173 phytoestrogens in, progesterone therapy in, relaxation techniques in, 173 SNRIs in, 172 SSRIs in, testosterone in, 172 tibolone in, vitamin E in, 173 yoga in, 173 Human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) in ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate, 30 Hyperandrogenism PCOS effects on, Hypogonadism eugonadotropic exogenous gonadotropins for, 34 hypogonadotropic exogenous gonadotropins for, 33, 34 Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism exogenous gonadotropins for, 33, 34 Hysterectomy in endometriosis management, 93 for fibroids, 67, in leiomyoma management, I In vitro fertilization couples undergoing with ethical or moral concerns, 46 luteal phase support during, Infection(s) RPL related to, 123 Infertile couple counseling and diagnostic evaluation for, 1 14 described, 2 introduction, 1 lifestyle considerations in, 2 3 of man, 5, 7 11 genetic screening of men with male factor infertility, reproductive history and physical examination, 5, 7 reproductive urology, 8 10 semen analysis, 7 8 specialized clinical tests of sperm function, 11 natural means for enhancing conception in, 2

7 Index 187 unexplained infertility related, 11 of woman, 3 5 history and physical evaluation, 3 ovarian factors, 3 5 uterine and peritoneal abnormalities, 5 Infertility. See also Infertile couple age-related, See also Age-related infertility anovulatory clomiphene citrate for, defined, 1 endometriosis and, fibroids and, 67 male factor genetic screening for, ovarian factors in evaluation of, 3 5 PCOS effects on, unexplained. See Unexplained infertility Inherited thrombophilias RPL related to, 123 L Laparoscopic and robotic myomectomy in leiomyoma management, Leiomyoma, assessment of, causes of, 68 clinical management of, MRgFUS in, 75 outcomes of, 79 surgical therapies in, abdominal myomectomy, 77 hysterectomy, laparoscopic and robotic myomectomy, UAE in, complications associated with, diagnosis of, introduction, pathophysiology of, prevalence of, 67 Letrozole in ovulation induction, Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in endometriosis management, 90 Lifestyle considerations in counseling and diagnostic evaluation of infertile couple, 2 3 LNG-IUS. See Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) LPD. See Luteal phase deficiency (LPD) Luteal phase, introduction, 135

8 188 Index Luteal (continued) physiology of, support during ART, See also Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), luteal phase support during Luteal phase deficiency (LPD), described, 137 diagnosis of, pathophysiology of, 139 treatment of, M Magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) in leiomyoma management, 75 Male factor RPL related to, 123 Male factor infertility genetic screening for, Menarche age at leiomyoma related to, 68 Menopausal women care of, 163 Menstrual bleeding normal, 104 Menstrual cycle phases of, 135 Menstruation PCOS effects on, Metformin in ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate, Miscarriage aneuploidy and, 125 defined, Moral concerns in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization, 46 MRgFUS. See Magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) Myomectomy abdominal in leiomyoma management, 77 laparoscopic and robotic in leiomyoma management, N Neurectomy presacral in endometriosis management, 93 Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in AUB management in reproductive-aged women, NSAIDs. See Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

9 Index 189 O Obesity leiomyoma related to, 68 Omega-3 fatty acids Oncofertility GnRHa in setting of, Oocyte and embryo cryopreservation in fertility preservation, Osteoporosis, 174 Ovarian factors in infertility evaluation of, 3 5 ovarian reserve, 4 5, ovulatory dysfunction, 4 Ovarian reserve in infertility evaluation of, 4 5 management and treatment of, tests of, Ovarian transposition fertility preservation in women with, Ovulation induction, overview of, treatment regimens adjuvant, aromatase inhibitors, clomiphene citrate, efficacy of, with glucocorticoids, 30 with hcg, 30 indications for, with metformin, pharmacology and mechanism of action of, 28 exogenous gonadotropins, indications for, 33 monitoring-related, 35 pharmacology and mechanism of action of, 33 regimen and efficacy of, Ovulatory dysfunction in infertility evaluation of, 4 PCOS and, 55 P Pain endometriosis and, 88 Parental balanced translocations RPL related to,

10 190 Index PCOS. See Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) Peritoneal abnormalities in infertility evaluation of, 5 Phytoestrogens 174 POF. See Premature ovarian failure (POF) Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) defined, diagnostic criteria for, endocrine and reproductive effects of, hyperandrogenism effects, infertility, menstrual and endometrial effects, obstetric effects, 62 ovulatory dysfunction related to, 55 Pregnancy PCOS effects on, 62 Pregnancy loss recurrent, See also Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) Premature ovarian failure (POF), cause of, clinical picture of, defined, 153 diagnostic workup for, introduction, management of, terminology related to, Presacral neurectomy (PSN) in endometriosis management, 93 Progesterone in hot flashes management, for luteal phase deficiency, See also Luteal phase; Luteal phase deficiency Progestin(s) in endometriosis management, Progestin-only contraceptives in endometriosis management, 90 PSN. See Presacral neurectomy (PSN) Psychological concerns of fertility preservation in men, in women, Psychological factors RPL related to, R Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), background of, causes of, alloimmune factors, 123 anatomic,

11 Index 191 APS, environmental factors, genetic abnormalities, hormonal conditions, 122 infection, 123 inherited thrombophilias, 123 male factor related, 123 psychological factors, thyroid function related, defined, evaluation of, 118 incidence of, 118 preimplantation genetic screening in, treatment of cause-related, 118 Relaxation techniques Reproduction PCOS effects on, See also Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), endocrine and reproductive effects of Reproductive-aged women AUB in, See also Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) Reproductive aging physiology of, RPL. See Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) S Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in hot flashes management, 172 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in hot flashes management, Semen analysis in male counseling and diagnostic evaluation for infertility, 7 8 SNRIs. See Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) Sperm cryopreservation in fertility preservation, Sperm function specialized clinical tests of in counseling and diagnostic evaluation for infertility, 11 SSRIs. See Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) T Testosterone in hot flashes management, 172 Thrombophilias inherited RPL related to, 123 Thyroid gland dysfunction of

12 192 Index Thyroid (continued ) RPL related to, Tibolone in hot flashes management, Translocation(s) parental balanced RPL related to, Transplantation uterine fertility preservation in women with, 47 U UAE. See Uterine artery embolization (UAE) Unexplained infertility clomiphene citrate in, counseling and diagnostic evaluation for, 11 exogenous gonadotropins for, Urology reproductive in male counseling and diagnostic evaluation for infertility, 8 10 Uterine abnormalities in infertility evaluation of, 5 Uterine artery embolization (UAE) in leiomyoma management, Uterine bleeding abnormal in reproductive-aged women, See also Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) Uterine transplantation fertility preservation in women with, 47 V Vaginal atrophy/dyspareunia, 174 Vasomotor symptoms. See also specific types, e.g., Hot flashes cardiovascular disease, hot flashes, low bone density/osteoporosis, 174 treatment of, types of, 163 vaginal atrophy/dyspareunia, 174 Vitamin E Y Yoga