Lab #9: Kidney: Gross Anatomy & Histology

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1 Name Date Lab #9: Kidney: Gross Anatomy & Histology Lab #10: Male Reproductive System: Human Models & Histology Lab #11: Female Reproductive System: Human Models & Histology Stuff to Know Dr. L. Bacha Spring 2010

2 Lab #9: Kidney: Gross Anatomy & Histology A. Kidney, preserved, Pig: These preserved kidneys were triple-injected with colored latex: arteries = red; veins = blue; ducts of urinary tract = yellow. Make a longitudinal section through the kidney (if not cut already) and identify the following: adipose tissue ureter renal pelvis major calyx minor calyx renal artery and vein cortical radiate artery and vein B. Model: Entire Kidney, Human ureter renal pelvis major calyx minor calyx renal artery and vein cortical radiate artery and vein Lab #9 p. 1

C. Model: Magnified Portion of Kidney, Human cortical radiate artery and vein afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriole peritubular capillaries vasa recta nephron: 1.

3 C. Model: Magnified Portion of Kidney, Human cortical radiate artery and vein afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriole peritubular capillaries vasa recta nephron: 1. renal corpuscle: glomerulus glomerular capsule 2. renal tubule: proximal convoluted tubule loop of Henle thick descending limb thin segment thick ascending limb distal convoluted tubule collecting duct D. slide: Kidney Examine the histologic section of the kidney and identify the structures indicated: : renal corpuscle glomerulus (covered by visceral layer of glomerular capsule) capsular space parietal layer of glomerular capsule convoluted tubules (don't try to distinguish between PCT and DCT!) Lab #9 p. 2

4 Lab #10: Male Reproductive System: Human Models & Histology A. Model: Male Pelvis, Human: Identify the following: urinary bladder pubic symphysis rectum anus adipose tissue scrotum testis epididymis spermatic cord: ductus deferens (vas deferens) testicular artery and vein inguinal canal (estimate its location!) urethra: prostatic urethra membranous urethra spongy (penile) urethra urethral orifice penis glans penis prepuce corpus spongiosum corpus cavernosum seminal vesicle prostate gland ejaculatory duct B. slide: Testis The testis is surrounded by a thick capsule of connective tissue, the tunica albuginea. Connective tissue septa partition the testis into compartments called lobules. Within each lobule are 1 to 4 seminiferous tubules. Because they are highly convoluted, there will be several cuts through each seminiferous tubule in a histologic section of the testis, and cuts most often appear circular or oval. Seminiferous tubules are lined by a special type of stratified epithelium known as the seminiferous (germinal) epithelium, which rests on a basement membrane. Most of the cells of the seminiferous epithelium are spermatogenic (germ) cells; the others are nurse cells. The spermatogenic cells (germ cells) differentiate progressively, from the basement membrane to the lumen of a seminiferous tubule. The most immature cells are found on the basement membrane; those nearest the lumen differentiate to form spermatozoa. The spermatogenic cells include the following: Spermatogonia - lie upon the basement membrane at the periphery of the seminiferous tubule. (They are the only spermatogenic cells present until puberty.) Lab#10 p.1

Primary spermatocytes - are the largest spermatogenic cells and lie just inward from the spermatogonia. They have a prominent nucleus that typically shows condensed chromatin.

5 Primary spermatocytes - are the largest spermatogenic cells and lie just inward from the spermatogonia. They have a prominent nucleus that typically shows condensed chromatin. Secondary spermatocytes - lie nearer to the lumen Do NOT try to identify these cells, because they divide almost as soon as they are formed (producing spermatids). Spermatids - the smallest of the spermatogenic cells found in groups near the lumen. They undergo differentiation and maturational changes and are released into the lumen, forming sperm (spermatozoa). Early spermatids are round cells with round nuclei. Late spermatids have small dark heads and faint tails which extend into the lumen. Sperm (sperm cells; spermatozoa) are present free in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. They have elongated, dark heads and faint tails. Along with the spermatogenic cells described above, the seminiferous epithelium also contains nurse cells. They are tall, irregularly shaped cells. Their cytoplasm, although it extends from the basement membrane to the lumen of the seminiferous tubule, is NOT evident. The interstitial tissue, which is areolar connective tissue between seminiferous tubules, contains interstitial cells (Leydig cells). These cells occur singly or in groups and produce testosterone. They are oval or polygonal in shape and have a large spherical nucleus. Seminiferous tubule, magnified view: C. slide: Sperm, smear Identify the head, midpiece (body), and tail of the sperm seen on this smear preparation. Lab#10 p.2

6 Lab #11: Female Reproductive System: Human Models & Histology A. Model: Female Pelvis, Human 1. Internal Reproductive Organs, female, Human The ovaries are small, oval organs. The ovarian ligament attaches each ovary to the uterus. The uterine tubes (fallopian tubes; oviducts), convey oocytes from the ovaries to the uterus. Each uterine tube has an opening into the peritoneal cavity near the ovaries and passes medially to the uterus and opens into the uterine cavity. The uterine tubes are divisible into 3 segments: 1. infundibulum - the funnel-shaped open end near the ovary fimbriae - are fingerlike processes that extend from the free margin of the infundibulum. Their movement creates currents in the peritoneal fluid that carry the oocyte into the uterine tube following ovulation. 2. ampulla - the middle segment 3. isthmus - the segment nearest the uterus The uterus is an unpaired, thick-walled, muscular organ shaped like an upside-down pear. Identify these parts of the uterus: fundus - the dome-shaped, rounded superior portion of the uterus body the main part between the fundus and cervix; The cavity within the body of the uterus is the uterine cavity. Lab #11 p.1

7 cervix - the narrow, inferior 1/3 of the uterus; The cervix encloses the cervical canal. The vagina extends from the cervix to the vaginal orifice. Identify the urinary bladder and urethra, which are ventral to the vagina, and the rectum, which is dorsal to the vagina. 2. External Reproductive Organs, female, Human The external reproductive organs in the female are known collectively as the vulva or pudendum. The mons pubis is a rounded elevation of adipose tissue. It is covered by pubic hairs and is situated over the pubic symphysis. The labia majora are two large folds of skin, also covered by pubic hair, that extend back from the mons pubis on each side. They enclose and protect the other external reproductive organs. The labia minora are two small, flattened, hairless folds between the labia majora. Identify the clitoris. It is enclosed by a hoodlike covering called the prepuce, which is formed by the labia minora where they merge anteriorly. The vestibule is the space enclosed by the labia minora posterior to the clitoris. It contains the urethral orifice (urethral opening) anteriorly and the vaginal orifice posteriorly. Vestibular glands deep to the skin between the vaginal orifice and the labia minora secrete a lubricating fluid. The area between the vaginal orifice and the anus is called the clinical perineum. (It is important in obstetrics because it may be torn during childbirth. To prevent damage and ensure proper healing, a surgical incision, called an episiotomy, is often made in the perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening for delivery.) Lab #11 p.2

8 B. slide: Ovary, cat primordial follicle oocyte follicle cells developing follicles: oocyte zona pellucida cumulus oophorus antrum follicle cells C. slide: Uterus, human, proliferative stage endometrium simple columnar epithelium endometrial glands (uterine glands) connective tissue myometrium Lab #11 p.3

9 STUFF TO KNOW Lab Practical #3 Lab 9: Kidney A. Kidney, preserved, Pig adipose tissue ureter renal pelvis major calyx minor calyx renal artery and vein cortical radiate arteries and veins B. Model: Entire Kidney, Human ureter renal pelvis major calyx minor calyx renal artery and vein cortical radiate artery and vein C. Model: Magnified Portion of Kidney, Human cortical radiate artery and vein afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriole peritubular capillaries vasa recta nephron: 1. renal corpuscle glomerulus glomerular capsule 2. renal tubule proximal convoluted tubule loop of Henle descending limb thin portion ascending limb distal convoluted tubule collecting duct C. slide: Kidney: renal corpuscle glomerulus capsular space parietal layer of glomerular capsule convoluted tubules (don't try Lab 10: Male Repro. System: A. Male Pelvis, model, Human urinary bladder pubic symphysis rectum anus adipose tissue scrotum testis epididymis spermatic cord ductus deferens testicular artery and vein inguinal canal ejaculatory duct urethra: prostatic urethra membranous urethra penile urethra urethral orifice

10 penis glans penis prepuce corpus spongiosum corpus cavernosum seminal vesicle prostate gland B. slide: Testis seminiferous tubules spermatogenic cells spermatogonia primary spermatocytes early spermatids late spermatids interstitial tissue interstitial cells rectum 2. External Reproductive Organs, Female, Human vulva (pudendum) mons pubis adipose tissue pubic symphysis labia majora labia minora clitoris vestibule urethral orifice vaginal orifice vestibular glands Lab 11: Female Repro. System A. Model: Female Pelvis, Human: 1. Internal Reproductive Organs ovaries ovarian ligament uterine tubes: infundibulum fimbriae ampulla isthmus uterus: fundus body of the uterus uterine cavity cervix vagina vaginal orifice urinary bladder urethra and just how long IS this list..? B. slide: Ovary primordial follicle oocyte follicle cells developing follicles oocyte zona pellucida cumulus oophorus antrum follicle cells C. slide: Uterus, human endometrium simple columnar epithelium endometrial glands connective tissue myometrium

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