The Male Reproductive System

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1 The Male Reproductive System YONG-MEI CHEN ( 陈咏梅 ) Dept. of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology Peking Union Medical College Tel: address: pumc_he@126.com

2 Content Spermatogenesis Spermiogenesis Structure & function of Sertoli cell & Leydig cell Structure & function of Genital ducts, accessory glands & penis

3 I. Introduction:

4 I. Introduction:

5 II. Testis Migration of primordial germ cells (PGCs)

6 descent of testis Cryptorchidism

7 Structure of testis 1. Testicular capsule: (1) tunica vaginalis: (2) tunica albuginea lobuli testis mediastinum testis (3) tunica vasculosa

8

9 2. Seminiferous tubule total length is nearly 0.5 km (1) tunica propria muscle-like myoid cells (2) basal lamina (3) seminiferous (or germinal) epithelium stratified epithelium

10 1) Spermatogenic cells Spermatogenesis & meiosis a. Spermatogonia: located in basal compartment, mitosis Dark type A spermatogonia: heterochromatin Pale type A spermatogonia: euchromatin Type B spermatogonia: only b. Primary spermatocyte: the largest male germ cells, having chromosome within cells. c. Secondary spermatocytes: short-lived cells d. Spermatid

11

12

13

14

15 Spermiogenesis: round spermatids elongated spermatids through shedding of much of their cytoplasm, rearrangement of their organelles, and formation of flagella

16 Main changes during spermiogenesis: Golgi apparatus acrosome Centriole flagellum Mitochondria mitochondrial sheath Microtubule manchette (caudal tube) Nucleus becomes condensed and elongated sperm head Residual bodies are shed, and phagocytosed by Sertoli cell

17 acrosome (acrosomal cap): a specialized lysosome, proacrosomal granules acrosomal granule within a acrosome vesicle

18

19

20

21

22

23 e. Spermatozoon morphologically mature Head Neck Tail: middle piece, principal piece, end piece

24

25 Clonal nature of the germ cells Syncytium of germ cells Cytoplasmic bridges

26

27 2) Sertoli cells a. Structure: LM: tall columnar cell; a large, pale, oval or irregular shaped nucleus; a prominent nucleolus; invisible lateral cellular limits.

28

29 EM: cell membrane & nucleus with infoldings; many organelles; tight junctions & gap junctions.

30 Blood-testis barrier Basal compartment Adluminal compartment

31 b. Functions: Support, protection and nutrition of developing germ cells. Secretion. e.g.: androgen-binding protein (ABP), inhibin & antimüillerian hormone, and a fructose-rich medium. Formation of blood-testis barrier. Regulation the release of`spermatozoa. Phagocytosis of residual bodies.

32 3. Interstitial tissue (1) Interstitial cell (Leydig cell): 1) Structure: LM: always in clusters; large, polyhedral cell; acidophilic cytoplasm; central located nucleus.

33 EM: containing numerous of SER, mitochondria with tubular cristae, and lipid droplets. 2) Function: secretion of testosterone.

34 (ICSH)

35 (2) Others: including C.T., Nerve, Blood & Lymphatic vessels.

36 4. intratesticular genital ducts:

37 (1) tubuli recti (straight tubules): Lined by Sertoli cells in proximal half and simple cuboidal epithelium in distal half, supported by loose C.T.

38 (2) Rete testis: A system of labyrinthine spaces housed within the mediastinum testis, lined by simple low cuboidal epithelium, supported by vascular C.T.

39 (3) Ductuli efferentes: Forming the head of the epididymis, lined by pseudostratified columnar E.

40

41 III. extratesticular genital ducts

42 1. Ductus epididymidis Forming the body and tail of the epididymis. Lined by pseudostratified columnar E., basal cells: principal cells: long stereocilia.

43 2. Ductus deferens (Vas deferens) pseudostratified columnar E.

44 Spermatic cord: passes through the inguinal canal, including arteries, veins and ductus deferens.

45 Pampiniform plexus Countercurrent heat-exchange system

46 3. Ejaculatory duct 4. Urethra (1) Prostatic urethra Transitional E. (2) Membranous urethra pseudostratified columnar E. (3) Spongious part pseudostratified columnar E. Glands of Littre

47 IV. Accessory sex glands

48 1. Seminal vesicles Highly coiled tubuli, simple cuboidal-columnar to pseudostratified columnar E., producing fructoserich seminal fluid

49 2. Prostate gland (1) Mucosal glands (central zone) (2) Submucosal glands (transition zone) (3) Main glands (peripheral zone)

50 Branched tubuloalveolar glands, Simple cuboidal-columnar to pseudostratified columnar E.

51 Prostatic concretions (corpora amylacea)

52 3. Bulbourethral glands Tubuloalveolar, mucus-secreting glands, lined by a simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium.

53 V. Penis

54 1. Structure: Each of three columns of erectile tissue, which is encircled by tunica albuginea, has large venous sinuses separated by trabeculae. (1) Corpora cavernosa of the penis: Paired, located dorsally. Helicine arteries (2) Corpus cavernosum of the urethra (corpus spongiosum): ventrally located, containing penile urethra.

55

56

57 Helicine arterie Intimal cushion

58 2. Functions: (1) Urination (2) Copulation organ Penile erection: a hemodynamic event

59 Spermatogenesis Summary

60 Spermiogenesis

61 Sertoli cell

62 Interstitial cell (Leydig cell):

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