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1 Muscle Tissue

2 General description 1) components: ---cell: muscle cell - myofiber ---extracellular ground substance: CT with BV, LV and nerve

3 Nomenclature in muscular cell Muscular cell muscular fiber Membrane of muscular C sarcolemma Cytoplasm of muscular C sarcoplasm Smooth endoplasmic reticulum--sarcoplasmic reticulum

4 2) Classification

5 Two principal types: Type Skeletal muscle Striated muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle contraction voluntary involuntary involuntary Location Limbs body wall Heart Viscera Blood vessels

6

7 3) Function: Muscle tissue is responsible for : -movement of the body and its parts -changes in the size and shape on internal organs

8 Development of skeletal muscle.

9 Skeletal Muscles LM: L:1~40mm. D:10-100µm --- long cylindrical --- Striated, composed of alternating dark and light bands --- multinucleate, nuclei are ovoid, distributed under sarcolemma

10 Skeletal muscle --- Sarcoplasm: myofibril Muscular cell nucleus

11 Muscle fiber & myofibril Light band (I band) muscular cell dark band (A band) myofibril

12 EM: 1. Myofibril 2.Transverse tubule 3. Sarcoplasmic reticulum 4. Other inclusions mitochondria myoglobin glycogen ribosome

13 Myofibril ( 肌原纤维 ) * long, parallel, cylindrical filamentous bundles *consisting of two types of myofilaments (thin & thick). * They have A bands, H bands, M lines, I bands and Z lines.

14 EM: myofibril

15 Skeletal muscle-myofibrils The structural and functional subunit of the muscle fiber. They contribute to the formation of transverse-striation.

16 Skeletal muscle-sarcomere A segment between two adjacent Z line. It is a structural and basic contractile unit.

17 Myofilament( 肌丝 ) Two types of myofilament are associated with cell contraction. 1 thin filament: 1.5µm 2 thick filament:0.6~1µm

18 Molecular constitution of myofilaments * thick filament ----myosin * thin filament: actin, tropomyosin, tropnin

19 Thick filament (Myosin, 肌球蛋白 ) L:1.5um,D:15nm rod head ( ATPase)

20 Thin filament L:1um, D:5nm

21 Components of a thin filament Actin ( 肌动蛋白 ) Tropmyosin ( 原肌球蛋白 ) Tropnin ( 肌钙蛋白 )

22 Actin Two strands of actin molecule arranged in a helix Actin binding site to myosin

23 Tropomyosin

24 Tropnin TnI TnC binding Ca 2+ TnT

25 Skeletal muscle-contraction When a muscle contracts, each sarcomere shortens and becomes thicker, but the myofilaments remain the same length.

26 Transverse tubule * invaginations of the surface sarcolemma * lying as rings around each myofibril * located at A-I junction * providing for the rapid spread throughout the entire muscle fiber of surface membrane excitation. I A Z

27 Sarcoplasmic reticulun ( 肌浆网 ) * RER forming cylindrical sheaths around each myofibril (longitudinal tubule) * at A-I junction, tubules connect to channels of larger caliber called terminal cisternae Triad * A T tubule is sandwiched between two terminal cisternae.

28 Transverse tubule system and triads.

29 Sliding filament hypothesis:

30

31

32 新的 摆动 开始, 细肌丝被 拉 向 M 线, 肌节缩短, 肌纤维缩短

33 Organization of skeletal muscle Epimysium: surround collection of fascicles Perimysium: surround fascicle Endomysium: surround individual fibers

34 epimysium Entire muscle Perimysium Fasciculus of muscle fibres Endomysium A muscle fibre

35 LM: L:80~150µm. D:10~20µm short cylindrical shape to be branched the central location of the nucleus, one or two nucleus per fiber cross striation myofibril Cardiac muscle intercalated disks

36 Cardiac muscle

37 EM: myofibril is not well defined; sarcoplasmic reticulum less developed; terminal cisternae T tubeles much wider; located in the Z lines; Diad intercalated disk z T tubule M z

38 Intercalated disc( 闰盘 ) *Specialized cell junctions located at Z lines *Stepwise pattern: transverse region: intermidiate/desmosomes j. longitudinal region: gap junction I.J. D.J. z G.J.

39 fascia adherens(fa) : 粘合带

40 intercalated disks diads

41 Smooth muscle Smooth muscle cells are fusiform. Each cell has a single nucleus located in the center of the broadest part of the cell.

42 Smooth muscle LM:L:20-500µm. D:5~20µm elongated, spindle-shaped cells, marked variation in length and diameter rod-liked or ovoid central nucleus no striation The narrower portion of one cell lies against the wider portions of its neighbor, linked by numerous gap junctions

43

44 EM caveola: sarcolemma invaginate into cytoplasm dense patch: inner surface of sarcolemma dense body: in sarcoplasm intermediate filament: expand from one dense body to the next one, as well as to the dense patches, which constitute a cytoskeleton Myofilament:thin and thick caveola dense body dense patch

45 Smooth muscle

46 Compare with three muscle tissues

47 The end

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