PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICE (100 questions 65% of exam mark)

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1 1 PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICE (100 questions 65% of exam mark) I: Wellness and Homeostasis 1. Determine the false statement about homeostasis. A) Homeostasis refers to the body s attempt to adjust to a fluctuating external environment. B) Negative feedback mechanisms trigger a response that reverses the changed condition. C) Positive feedback systems move the controlled variable even further away from the ideal state. D) Homeostasis operates using the brain only to maintain constant internal control. 2. A rapid increase in external temperature would be followed by which homeostatic adjustment in humans? A) An increase in blood flow to the arms and an increase in perspiration. B) The formation of goosebumps and shivering. C) Decreased blood flow to the arms and shivering. D) An increase in urine production and decrease in heart rate. 3. The body s ability to maintain a water balance within the cells is A) georegulation. B) thermoregulation. C) osmoregulation. D) endoregulation. 4. Nervous control of the heart is an example of negative feedback because A) increased cardiac output causes the system to slow down. B) decreased cardiac output causes the system to slow down. C) increased cardiac output causes the system to speed up. D) decreased cardiac output has no effect on the system. 5. Which of the following best displays a graphic representation of homeostasis? A) B) C) D)

2 2 6. Healthy people around the world share certain bodily constants. Which of the following is not a normal constant? A) blood ph near 7.4 B) blood pressure of about 120/80 mmhg C) body temperature of about 37 C D) urine output of about 10 liters/day 7. Which of the following is not a life process that individual cells as well as complex organisms must carry out in order to survive? A) homeostasis B) transportation of materials C) growth and development D) photosynthesis 8. Many factors influence the movement of materials across a cell membrane. Determine the incorrect factor listed below. A) surface area B) shape of cell C) concentration gradient D) cell membrane permeability 9. The type of transport that flows against the concentration gradient and moves material through the membrane proteins is A) active transport. B) osmosis. C) facilitated diffusion. D) endocytosis. 10. The cell membrane of cell must be selectively permeable because it A) regulates amount of water entering and leaving the cell. B) regulates amount of light entering the cell. C) regulates all substances entering and leaving the cell. D) regulates waste removal from the cell. 11. The cell uses energy in what form to transport large molecules into or out of the cell? A) heat B) active transport C) ADP D) ATP 12. During diffusion, molecules move A) from areas of lesser concentration to areas of greater concentration. B) from areas of greater concentration to areas of lesser concentration. C) by active transport. D) only through selectively permeable membranes.

3 3 13. The diagram shows two solutions containing solutes(squares) and (triangles) dissolved in water and separated by a membrane. If the membrane is only permeable to water, which of the following will occur? A) Final amounts of squares, triangles and water will be equal on each side. B) Triangles will move from side A to side B. C) Water will move from side B to side A. D) The concentration of squares on side B will increase. 14. The diagram shows a cell ingesting a food particle. The food particle enters the cell at # 1 by the process of, and waste exits the cell at # 2 by the process of. 1 2 A) phagocytosis, pinocytosis. B) diffusion, exocytosis. C) active transport, diffusion. D) endocytosis, exocytosis.

4 4 II: Digestion and Nutrition 15. If lipids were not included in your diet for a prolonged period of time, what would be the most likely result? A) Your body would be unable to maintain proper growth of cell membranes. B) Hair growth would be halted. C) You would feel cold quickly. D) You would not receive the benefit of quick bursts of energy. 16. A protein deficient diet could result in A) low enzyme activity. B) an inefficient immune response. C) slow movement. D) all of the above. 17. As acidic chyme from the stomach enters the duodenum of the small intestine, it is neutralized by from the pancreas. A) mucus B) sodium bicarbonate ions C) bile D) amylase 18. All of the following are examples of mechanical digestion except A) bile emulsifying fats. B) peristalsis. C) enzyme activity. D) chewing. 19. Chemical digestion of starches begins in the A) mouth. B) liver. C) stomach. D) small intestine. 20. The epithelial layer of the stomach is protected from self-digestion by a layer of A) stomach acid. B) skin. C) mucus. D) enzymes. 21. Which of the following would most likely result from the removal of a substantial part of the large intestine? A) incomplete digestion B) reduced secretion of bile C) poor nutrient absorption D) reduced water reabsorption and diarrhea

5 5 22. Once glucose has been absorbed into the body, it is chemically changed to and is stored in the. A) starch; liver. B) polypeptides; pancreas. C) glycogen; liver. D) insulin; pancreas. 23. The role of the liver in digestion is to A) chemically digest food. B) manufacture enzymes. C) manufacture bile. D) reabsorb water. 24. The pancreas s role is to A) secrete insulin. B) secrete glucagon. C) help regulate blood sugar levels. D) all of the above. 25. The diagram below shows an example of the found in the that absorbs nutrients. A) lacteals, large intestine B) capillaries, gall bladder C) villi, small intestine D) duodenum, stomach 26. Digestion of food is completed in the A) small intestine. B) stomach. C) large intestine. D) liver. 27. Which of the following is not a factor that directly affects enzyme activity? A) temperature B) heart rate C) substrate concentration D) ph level

6 6 28. An enzyme A) has no change on reaction rate. B) speeds up the reaction rate. C) slows down the reaction rate. D) All the above are correct. III: Transportation and Respiration 29. The exchange of gases between the blood and the body cells is called A) breathing. B) internal respiration. C) external respiration. D) cellular respiration. 30. What is the correct order of structures that air passes through during inhalation? A) trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveolus B) trachea, bronchus, glottis, alveolus C) alveolus, bronchioles, bronchus, trachea D) bronchus, larynx, trachea, alveolus 31. A tube common to both the respiratory and digestive system is the A) pharynx. B) larynx. C) esophagus. D) trachea. 32. All of the following are characteristics of a respiratory membrane except A) moist surface. B) reduced surface area. C) thin membrane. D) a concentration gradient. 33. Identify the false statement about diffusion of gases across a membrane. A) Oxygen diffuses across the alveoli membrane and enters the bloodstream. B) Carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli from the blood stream. C) Both oxygen and carbon dioxide move from the alveoli into the bloodstream. D) The respiratory system brings oxygen to the circulatory system for transport. 34. Although the alveoli of the lungs are small, they are very numerous. What advantage does this serve? A) increases the protection available to the alveoli B) increases the surface area in which diffusion of gases can occur C) increases the pressure of air the lungs can withstand D) increases the lung capacity of an adult

7 7 35. Oxygen is transported in human blood primarily by A) red and white blood cells. B) plasma and platelets. C) white blood cells and plasma. D) red blood cells. 36. Carbon dioxide waste is primarily removed from the lungs by A) formation of carbonic acid. B) hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells. C) dissolving in plasma. D) platelets in the blood. 37. The breathing rate of humans is principally regulated by the concentration of A) carbon dioxide in the blood. B) oxygen in the blood. C) platelets in the blood. D) white blood cells in the blood. 38. What is the main function of the diaphragm? A) to vibrate, producing sound B) to exchange O2 and CO2 C) to expand the chest cavity D) to control the rate of breathing 39. Sound is made when the vocal cords vibrate upon A) inhalation. B) exhalation. C) coughing. D) swallowing. 40. In the systemic circulation, blood returns to the heart via A) lymph vessels. B) arteries. C) capillaries. D) veins. 41. The vessels that have a pulse are the A) veins. B) arteries. C) capillaries. D) lymph vessels. 42. The characteristic heart sound Lubb is produced when A) the semi lunar valves are open and the AV valves are closed during contraction. B) the semi lunar valves are closed and the AV valves are open during contraction. C) the semi lunar valves are open and the AV valves are closed during relaxation. D) the semi lunar valves are closed and the AV valves are open during relaxation.

8 8 43. During ventricle systole, blood moves from the A) ventricles to the atria. B) atria to the veins. C) atria to the ventricles. D) ventricles to the arteries. 44. Diastole is A) the number of heart beats per minute. B) the expansion of the blood vessels. C) the relaxed period after contractions of the heart. D) the forceful pumping action of the blood. 45. Where is blood pressure greatest? A) lungs B) veins C) capillaries D) arteries 46. Which of the following are used to control the heartbeat? I. AV node II. SA node III. Purkinje fibers IV. Bundle of HIS A) I and II only B) I and III only C) I, II, and IV only D) all of the above

9 9 Use the diagram to answer questions What is the vessel labeled # 9? A) aorta B) superior vena cava C) pulmonary artery D) pulmonary vein 48. The blood in the chamber # 7 is A) flowing to the lungs and is oxygenated. B) flowing to the heart and in oxygenated. C) flowing to the lungs and is deoxygenated. D) flowing to the heart and is deoxygenated. 49. The valves located at # 6 are called A) semi lunar aortic valves. B) semi lunar pulmonary valves. C) bicuspid AV valves. D) tricuspid AV valves. 50. All of the following intrinsic factors affect blood pressure except A) exercise. B) size of blood vessels. C) viscosity of blood. D) elasticity of blood vessels.

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