PAP Animal Body Systems Test Review. 1. List the levels of organization from largest to smallest. (Organ-Organism-Cell-Organ System-Tissue),,,,

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1 Name Period PAP Animal Body Systems Test Review 1. List the levels of organization from largest to smallest. (Organ-Organism-Cell-Organ System-Tissue),,,, 2. Put the following pictures below in the correct order for levels of organization from smallest to largest?,,, What body systems are involved when a person touches a hot stove? Which of the following shows the correct order of the body system involved in the response? (Circle one) A. Integumentary-Nervous-Muscular B. Circulatory-respiratory-nervous C. Circulatory-digestive-nervous 4. Is the response above (question #3) Conditioned, Learned, Reflex or Voluntary? (Circle one) 5. Looking at the reaction above, if enzyme 4 is denatured (destroyed), the levels of which substance will increase? 6. Looking at the reaction above, if enzyme 2 is denatured (destroyed), the levels of which substance will increase? 7. Observing the graph to the right. If digestion in the stomach requires enzymes with a low ph. Which digestive enzyme would be found in the stomach? 1

gondii and develop very few lesions on their brain tissue. The graph shows the results of scientific study of normal mice infected with T. gondii.

2 8. Explain the 2 different types of digestion. a. Mechanical digestion: b. Chemical digestion: 9. Taxoplasmosis is an infection producing brain lesions caused by the parasitic protozoan Toxoplasma gondi. Mice with their gonads removed are more resistant to T. gondii and develop very few lesions on their brain tissue. The graph shows the results of scientific study of normal mice infected with T. gondii. Circle the 2 systems that will most likely interact and cause the severity of infections to vary. Muscular Skeletal Immune Excretory Respiratory Nervous - Endocrine 10. In plants the epidermal cells and guard cells protect the plant from injury and water loss, while the stomata allow gas exchange. Which 2 systems are these similar to of the human body systems? & 11. If a person has a blood-calcium (Ca 2+ ) level of 8 mg/100 ml of blood, which of the following mechanisms does the body use to maintain bloodcalcium homeostasis? A. The kidneys take of up more Ca 2+ and release vitamin D. B. The bones release Ca 2+. C. The intestines increase reabsorption of Ca 2+. D. All of the above 12. Why does the shape of an enzyme determine the enzyme s function? 13. What are the 2 main things that can denature an enzyme? & 14. What are feedback loops used for? In negative feedback systems, the response reverses a change in a controlled condition 2

3 In positive feedback systems, the response strengthens the change in a controlled condition. State whether each of the following indicates negative or positive feedback: 15. An increase of carbon dioxide in the blood leads to a decrease in blood ph. The drop in blood ph is detected by chemoreceptors in the aorta and carotid artery. These receptors send nerve impulses to the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata in the brain, which then stimulates increased breathing. Increased breathing helps remove carbon dioxide from the blood, returning blood ph to normal levels. 16. If blood temperature rises too high, specialized neurons in the hypothalamus of the brain sense the change. These neurons signal other nerve centers, which in turn send signals to the blood vessels of the skin. As these blood vessels dilate, more blood flows close to the body surface and excess heat radiates from the body. 17. During childbirth, the fetus is pushed against the uterine opening, causing it to stretch. Receptors that detect the stretching send signals to the brain. The brain sends both neural and hormonal signals which increase both the contraction force and the contraction frequency in the smooth muscles of the uterus. This continues until the baby is delivered through the birth canal. 18. The walls of arteries stretch in the presence of high blood pressure. Baroreceptors located in these walls also stretch and as a result, a signal is sent to the brain which in turn slows down the body s heart rate. This slows the flow of blood through the arteries causing less pressure. As BP drops the baroreceptors become flaccid and a signal is sent to speed up the heart rate. 19. How do enzymes speed up the chemical reactions? 20. When the level of carbon dioxide in the blood is too high, the excess carbon dioxide reacts with water and produces carbonic acid. The carbonic acid causes the blood ph to become more acidic. When the blood ph becomes too acidic, chemoreceptors in the brain instruct the body to react and maintain homeostasis in blood ph. Which of these responses by the body would eliminate excess carbon dioxide and help maintain homeostasis in blood ph? A Increasing the body temperature by shivering B Decreasing the heart rate C Increasing the glucose levels in the blood D Breathing more deeply and frequently Use the diagram to the right to answer the following questions 21. What could cause low red-blood-cell count? 22. What causes and increased production of erythropoietin? 3

23. Directions: In the box to the right write the 2 systems that are involved The blood carries nutrients to other parts of the body Circulatory and digestive- The liver removes amino groups from

4 23. Directions: In the box to the right write the 2 systems that are involved The blood carries nutrients to other parts of the body Circulatory and digestive- The liver removes amino groups from amino acids to produce urea. The urea is removed from the body as urine. Nurses are exposed to many different types of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microorganism. How does the body protect itself from these pathogens? A rabbit is outrunning a coyote. A young bird will cover itself in its owl foul smelling vomit for defense when it senses danger An ovum moves from the ovary into the uterine tube where its migration toward the uterus is aided by peristaltic contractions. Wastes are filtered from the blood and are excreted from the body as urine Constant supply of oxygen to the body while removing carbon dioxide waste products. Two body systems that are most useful in getting nutrients from the food you eat to your brain. 24. Cross out the system that incorrectly describes the interaction of two biological systems for a specific purpose in the human body. 25. Circle which of the following is considered an organ? (circle one) a. Skeleton c. Urinary bladder b. Epithelial tissue d. Squamous cell 26. What would greatly increase white blood cell production in the body? (Circle one) a. Injury c. Heat b. Headache d. Bacterial infection 4

5 27. Give the definition and give an example of how each one is involved in body system regulation (All are Feedback loops) A. Osmoregulation: B. Thermoregulation: C. Glucoregulation: D. ph Regulation: 5

Body Systems Overview

Body Systems Overview Body Systems work together: If you damage one system, you may damage several for example, smoking irritates the lungs and destroys the cells of the immune system Levels of Organization