Key Concepts. Why eat? Eat what? Design of digestive systems Processing steps and their hormonal control Challenge of herbivory

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Key Concepts. Why eat? Eat what? Design of digestive systems Processing steps and their hormonal control Challenge of herbivory"

Transcription

1 Animal Nutrition

2 Key Concepts Why eat? Eat what? Design of digestive systems Processing steps and their hormonal control Challenge of herbivory

3 Animals are heterotrophs, obtain nutrition from other organisms herbivores carnivores omnivores detritivores frugivores

4 What do animals get from food? 1. Energy from chemical bonds 2. C skeletons (ex. acetyl, some amino acids) 3. Minerals - macro- and micronutrients 4. Vitamins

5 Extracting these substances is an engineering problem Different diets need different processing machinery

6 Carnivores large canines, slashing premolars Herbivores sharp incisors and molar grinding surfaces Omnivores relatively unspecialized teeth, to do a little of everything

7 vegetarian mosquito larva has brushy mouthparts to produce currents carnivorous mosquito larva has sorry brushes and large nasty jaws

8 vegetarian mosquito larva has brushy mouthparts to produce currents carnivorous mosquito larva has weak brushes and large nasty jaws

9 gut=long tube continuous space with outside of organism extracellular digestion specialization of different regions

10 Specialized sections esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine

11 Tissue layers are similar along its length AND in different animals From the inside out - mucosa submucosa muscle layers

12 Esophagus Storage? Humans In other animals, can be used for food storage. Honeypot ants enormous storage capacity

13 Stomach Extra muscle Preliminary digestion of protein Some absorption of small molecules

14 Gastric glands contain 3 types of secretory cells mucus hydrochloric acid pepsinogen

15 Mucus protects cell surfaces Hydrochloric acid dissolves extracellular matrix, kills most bacteria, low ph (2) Pepsinogen?

16 zymogens Pepsinogen is an inactive form of a protein-digesting enzyme, pepsin

17 Zymogen activation - they are activated when their catalytic action is appropriate trypsinogen trypsin

18 Pepsinogen is an inactive form of a protein-digesting enzyme, pepsin How is pesinogen activated? By low ph Pepsin works well at low ph

19 The sequence of digestion along the long tube is coordinated by hormones food hormone secretion initiates digestion product inhibits

20 Gastric mucosal cells secrete a hormone, gastrin, in response to food in the stomach

21 food gastrin secretion into bloodstream stomach secretes gastric juices including HCl low ph (very acid) Each hormone can stimulate more than one response

22 food gastrin secretion stomach secretes gastric juices increase stomach movement low ph (very acid) moves mix into small intestine

23

24 Most digestion and absorption takes place small intestine

25 The duodenum is a receiving center. LIVER It receives material from the stomach, the liver, and the pancreas. PANCREAS

26 Structure of the intestine large circular folds villi muscle layers

27 Villi microvilli capillaries lymph duct (lacteal)

28 Surface area of small intestine Tube 3 cm x 6 meters, SA ~0.6 m 2 Circular folds add ~ 3x Villi add ~ 10x Microvilli add ~ 20x 600 x TOTAL SURFACE AREA = 360 m 2 What is this S.A. for?

29 Increased surface area for absorption - general feature of animal digestive systems

30 agents of digestion Liver bile which emulsifies fats Pancreas enzymes to digest carbos, proteins and fats

31 Protein Carbohydrate Amino Acids Monosaccharides The products of both protein and carbohydrate digestion are water soluble

32 This means they CANNOT passively cross cell membranes (lipid bilayer), but they CAN dissolve in the blood

33 Actively transported Once they reach the blood they are carried in solution.

34 Fat and the products of fat digestion are NOT water soluble This means they CANNOT dissolve in the intestine or in blood, but they CAN passively cross cell membranes

35 Digestion of fats 1. bile salts stabilize small fat droplets 2. lipase cuts fats into fatty acids and monoglycerides 3. bile salts are recycled

36 Transport of fat across wall 1. Fatty acids are lipid soluble. They can pass through cell membrane 2. In the intestinal cell, fatty acids are repackaged into chylomicrons 3. Chylomicrons are transported out of cell into lymph system

37 Control of digestion in the SMALL INTESTINE by hormones food delivered from stomach hormone secretion initiates nutrientspecific digestion

38 Examples from the small intestine: 1. Cholecystokinin 2. Secretin

39 muscle movement fats and proteins mix enters the small intestine low ph cholecystokinin (CKK) released by intestinal cells 1. gall bladder releases bile salts 2. pancreas secretes digestive enzymes secretin released by intestinal cells pancreas secretes bicarbonate which neutralizes acid

40 muscle movement fats and proteins chyme enters the small intestine low ph cholecystokinin (CKK) released by intestinal cells secretin released by intestinal cells 1. gall bladder contracts to release bile salts 2. pancreas secretes digestive enzymes pancreas secretes bicarbonate

41 NEXT... the large intestine, where water and ions are reabsorbed *

42 vestigial cecum If evolution is so clever, why do we have appendices?

43 Remember that... Different diets require different processing machinery These requirements are ALSO reflected in the design of the digestive system

44 Plants have tough cell walls. Cellulose: most animals cannot digest (without help from other kingdoms)

45 It isn t easy being an herbivore

46 What to do, gutwise? 1. Longer guts for longer processing time 2. Help from bacteria and protists that have CELLULASE or other useful enzymes 3. Chew well

47 Carnivore Vegetarian

48 Ruminant herbivores Cattle Sheep Goats Deer Giraffes Antelope and their relatives, the camels and llamas

49 Ruminant herbivores and their relatives, the camels and llamas, have multiple stomach compartments bacterial fermentation aiding digestion cud-chewing

50 Ruminants have 4 stomach compartments 1. rumen 2. reticulum 3. omasum 4. abomasum

51 Other cellulose eaters with symbionts

Animal Nutrition. Key Concepts. Animals are heterotrophs, obtain nutrition from other organisms. What do animals get from food?

Animal Nutrition. Key Concepts. Animals are heterotrophs, obtain nutrition from other organisms. What do animals get from food? Key Concepts Animal Nutrition Why eat? Eat what? Design of digestive systems Processing steps and their hormonal control Challenge of herbivory Animals are heterotrophs, obtain nutrition from other organisms

More information

Nutrition. Autotrophs. plants, some protists & bacteria producers

Nutrition. Autotrophs. plants, some protists & bacteria producers Nutrition Autotrophs plants, some protists & bacteria producers Nutrition Heterotrophs animals, fungi, some protists & bacteria consumers Animal Nutrition Most obtain food by ingestion take in their food

More information

Figure Nutrition: omnivore, herbivore, carnivore

Figure Nutrition: omnivore, herbivore, carnivore Figure 41.1 Nutrition: omnivore, herbivore, carnivore Essential Nutrients: Amino acids Fatty acids Vitamins Minerals Figure 41.2 Complete vs incomplete Omnivore vs herbivore (vegetarian) Table 41.1 Table

More information

Assessment Schedule 2015 Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to a mammal(s) as a consumer(s) (90929)

Assessment Schedule 2015 Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to a mammal(s) as a consumer(s) (90929) NCEA Level 1 Biology (90929) 2015 page 1 of 7 Assessment Schedule 2015 Demonstrate understanding of biological relating to a mammal(s) as a consumer(s) (90929) Evidence Statement ONE NØ N1 N2 A3 A4 M5

More information

All organisms must obtain and process essential nutrients (food) *** Exception: Venus Fly Traps undergo photosynthesis but needs source of nitrogen

All organisms must obtain and process essential nutrients (food) *** Exception: Venus Fly Traps undergo photosynthesis but needs source of nitrogen All organisms must obtain and process essential nutrients (food) AUTOTROPHS self feeder makes their own food eg. Plants do not require a digestive tract *** Exception: Venus Fly Traps undergo photosynthesis

More information

Chapter 8: Digestion. Structure and Functions of Digestive Organs Macronutrients Digestive Enzymes

Chapter 8: Digestion. Structure and Functions of Digestive Organs Macronutrients Digestive Enzymes Chapter 8: Digestion Structure and Functions of Digestive Organs Macronutrients Digestive Enzymes What organisms need Digestion? Heterotrophs - rely on ingestion of organic molecules for production of

More information

Human Digestive System

Human Digestive System 3.3.4 Human Digestive System Need to know The functions of the main parts of the alimentary canal and the associated glands Function of teeth. The human dental formula Role of mechanical digestion and

More information

10/23/2013 ANIMAL NUTRITION ANIMAL NUTRITION ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS AN ANIMAL S DIET MUST STUPPLY: AMINO ACIDS

10/23/2013 ANIMAL NUTRITION ANIMAL NUTRITION ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS AN ANIMAL S DIET MUST STUPPLY: AMINO ACIDS ANIMAL NUTRITION Food is taken in, taken apart, and taken up in the process of animal nutrition In general, animals fall into three categories: Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores ANIMAL NUTRITION Chapter

More information

Nutrition and Digestion

Nutrition and Digestion Nutrition and Digestion Classes of Nutrients Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Minerals Vitamins Water Macronutrients Carbon-containing compounds Energy and raw material Includes carbohydrates, lipids, & proteins

More information

Biology 20: Digestive System Did you get it? Questions and Answers

Biology 20: Digestive System Did you get it? Questions and Answers Biology 20: Digestive System Did you get it? Questions and Answers Mouth 1. What is the purpose of chewing? a. break food into smaller pieces so there is a greater SA for chemicals to work on. 2. Salivary

More information

Assessment Schedule 2017 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to a mammal(s) as a consumer(s) (90929)

Assessment Schedule 2017 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to a mammal(s) as a consumer(s) (90929) NCEA Level 1 Biology (90929) 2017 page 1 of 6 Assessment Schedule 2017 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to a mammal(s) as a consumer(s) (90929) Evidence Statement QUESTION

More information

e. Undigested material is compacted and stored until the colon is full. When the colon is full, a signal to empty it is sent by sensors in the walls

e. Undigested material is compacted and stored until the colon is full. When the colon is full, a signal to empty it is sent by sensors in the walls Digestive System 1. General a. Animals obtain energy by breaking food molecules into smaller pieces. b. The basic fuel molecules are amino acids, lipids and sugars c. Digestion is the chemical breakdown

More information

Digestive System 7/15/2015. Outline Digestive System. Digestive System

Digestive System 7/15/2015. Outline Digestive System. Digestive System Digestive System Biology 105 Lecture 18 Chapter 15 Outline Digestive System I. Functions II. Layers of the GI tract III. Major parts: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine,

More information

10/18/2017 ANIMAL NUTRITION ANIMAL NUTRITION ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS AN ANIMAL S DIET MUST STUPPLY: AMINO ACIDS

10/18/2017 ANIMAL NUTRITION ANIMAL NUTRITION ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS AN ANIMAL S DIET MUST STUPPLY: AMINO ACIDS ANIMAL NUTRITION Food is taken in, taken apart, and taken up in the process of animal nutrition In general, animals fall into three categories: Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores ANIMAL NUTRITION Chapter

More information

Animal Nutrition. Chapter 41. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for

Animal Nutrition. Chapter 41. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Chapter 41 Animal Nutrition PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp

More information

1) Four main feeding mechanisms of animals a) Suspension feeders i) (1) Humpback whales b) Substrate feeders i)

1) Four main feeding mechanisms of animals a) Suspension feeders i) (1) Humpback whales b) Substrate feeders i) 1 AP Biology March 2008 Digestion Chapter 41 Homeostatic mechanisms manage an animal s energy budget. 1) Four main feeding mechanisms of animals Suspension feeders (1) Humpback whales Substrate feeders

More information

AN ANIMAL S DIET MUST SUPPLY CHEMICAL ENERGY, ORGANIC MOLECULES, AND ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS

AN ANIMAL S DIET MUST SUPPLY CHEMICAL ENERGY, ORGANIC MOLECULES, AND ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS 1 ANIMAL NUTRITION 2 3 4 5 6 7 Food is taken in, taken apart, and taken up in the process of animal nutrition In general, animals fall into three categories: Herbivores eat mainly plants and algae Carnivores

More information

The Digestive System. Basic process of digestion. Mouth and Teeth 10/30/2016

The Digestive System. Basic process of digestion. Mouth and Teeth 10/30/2016 The Digestive System Basic process of digestion 1. Ingestion: animal eats food. 2. Digestion: animal body breaks food down. Mechanical digestion: chewing (mastication). Chemical digestion: enzymes and

More information

Chapter 14: The Digestive System

Chapter 14: The Digestive System Chapter 14: The Digestive System Digestive system consists of Muscular tube (digestive tract) alimentary canal Accessory organs teeth, tongue, glandular organs 6 essential activities 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

More information

Human Biology. Digestive System

Human Biology. Digestive System Human Biology Digestive System Digestion - Defined Prepares food for use by all body cells The physical and/or chemical breakdown of food Did you know: the average person eats more than 500kg of food per

More information

Chapter 21 NUTRITION AND DIGESTION

Chapter 21 NUTRITION AND DIGESTION Chapter 21 NUTRITION AND DIGESTION Stages of Food Processing 1. Ingestion: The act of eating. Usually involves placing food in mouth or oral cavity. 2. Digestion: Macromolecules in food (fats, proteins,

More information

Types of Digestive Systems. Types of Digestive Systems. Types of Digestive Systems. Types of Digestive Systems. The Digestive System

Types of Digestive Systems. Types of Digestive Systems. Types of Digestive Systems. Types of Digestive Systems. The Digestive System The Digestive System Chapter 48 Types of Digestive Systems Heterotrophs are divided into three groups based on their food sources -Herbivores are animals that eat plants exclusively -Carnivores are animals

More information

Digestive System. Why do we need to eat? Growth Maintenance (repair tissue) Energy

Digestive System. Why do we need to eat? Growth Maintenance (repair tissue) Energy Digestive System Why do we need to eat? Growth Maintenance (repair tissue) Energy Nutrients Nutrient = chemical that must be obtained by an organism from it s environment in order to survive; nutrients

More information

The Human Digestive Tract

The Human Digestive Tract The Human Digestive Tract The Mouth salivary glands (parotid, sublingual, submaxillary) - produces saliva --->lubricate food ---> dissolves food particles ---> allows us to taste food --->contains amylase

More information

Nutrients, Enzymes and Digestion Lesson 4: Digestion and Absorption. Digestive Tract and Accessory Organs

Nutrients, Enzymes and Digestion Lesson 4: Digestion and Absorption. Digestive Tract and Accessory Organs Nutrients, Enzymes and Digestion Lesson 4: Digestion and Absorption Digestive Tract and Accessory Organs http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter26/animation organs_of_digestion.html

More information

Ch41 Animal Nutrition

Ch41 Animal Nutrition Ch41 Animal Nutrition Digestive system Purpose = break down food into smaller nutrients to be used in the body for energy and raw materials for biosynthesis Overview of food processing Ingestion: act of

More information

Includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus. Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus. Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas Chapter 14 The Digestive System and Nutrition Digestive System Brings Nutrients Into the Body The digestive system includes Gastrointestinal (GI) tract (hollow tube) Lumen: space within this tube Includes

More information

Sphincters heartburn diaphragm The Stomach gastric glands pepsin, chyme The Small Intestine 1-Digestion Is Completed in the Small Intestine duodenum

Sphincters heartburn diaphragm The Stomach gastric glands pepsin, chyme The Small Intestine 1-Digestion Is Completed in the Small Intestine duodenum Sphincters are muscles that encircle tubes and act as valves. The tubes close when the sphincters contract and they open when the sphincters relax. When food or saliva is swallowed, the sphincter relaxes

More information

a. parotid b. sublingual c. submandibular

a. parotid b. sublingual c. submandibular Bozeman Science/ Nature The Digestive System Watch the videos, and answer the questions below. Please write your answers in complete sentences, and explain all concepts thoroughly. 1. What are the four

More information

Digestive System. How your body obtains nutrients. Wednesday, March 2, 16

Digestive System. How your body obtains nutrients. Wednesday, March 2, 16 Digestive System How your body obtains nutrients Vocabulary Ingestion: food enters the system Physical and enzymatic breakdown begins Digestion: Further breakdown Chemical/enzymatic Vocabulary Absorption:

More information

Digestion. Generalized Digestive System. Salivary glands (mucin) to lubricate. 2 (incl. stomach) Tongue for chemoreception.

Digestion. Generalized Digestive System. Salivary glands (mucin) to lubricate. 2 (incl. stomach) Tongue for chemoreception. Digestion 24 Generalized Digestive System Salivary glands (mucin) to lubricate 1 2 1 2 (incl. stomach) Tongue for chemoreception 3 3 4 4 (Eckert 25 15-13) 1 Foregut -Conducting, Storage, Digestion -Esophagus

More information

Topic 6: Human Physiology

Topic 6: Human Physiology Topic 6: Human Physiology 6.1 Digestion and Absorption D.1 Human Nutrition D.2 Digestion Essential Understandings: The structure of the digestive system allows it to move, digest, and absorb food. A balanced

More information

38.2 Animal Nutrition Human Digestion. Regents Biology

38.2 Animal Nutrition Human Digestion. Regents Biology 38.2 Animal Nutrition Human Digestion Objectives Distinguish intracellular from extracellular digestion Examine how the digestive system evolves across the phyla Identify the components of the human digestive

More information

Digestive System. Part A Multiple Choice. 1. Which of the following is NOT a digestive enzyme? A. Pepsin. B. Ptyalin. C. Gastrin. D. Trypsin.

Digestive System. Part A Multiple Choice. 1. Which of the following is NOT a digestive enzyme? A. Pepsin. B. Ptyalin. C. Gastrin. D. Trypsin. Digestive System Part A Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is NOT a digestive enzyme? A. Pepsin. B. Ptyalin. C. Gastrin. D. Trypsin. 2. The presence of large numbers of mitochondria in the cells

More information

Human Nutrition (IGCSE Biology Syllabus )

Human Nutrition (IGCSE Biology Syllabus ) Human Nutrition (IGCSE Biology Syllabus 2016-2018) o Balanced diet: getting all the right nutrients in correct proportions o Diet related to: - Age - Gender - Activity - Pregnant women o Malnutrition:

More information

AFTER mechanical digestion, the pieces of food are still to be used by. broken down. the cells. They MUST be EVEN MORE!!!!!!

AFTER mechanical digestion, the pieces of food are still to be used by. broken down. the cells. They MUST be EVEN MORE!!!!!! Chemical Digestion ***ANSWERS**** Name Period Date AFTER mechanical digestion, the pieces of food are still to be used by the cells. They MUST be EVEN MORE!!!!!! Special

More information

NOTES: The Digestive System (Ch 14, part 2)

NOTES: The Digestive System (Ch 14, part 2) NOTES: The Digestive System (Ch 14, part 2) PANCREAS Structure of the pancreas: The pancreas produces PANCREATIC JUICE that is then secreted into a pancreatic duct. The PANCREATIC DUCT leads to the The

More information

Ruminant Digestion 8/7/2014 1

Ruminant Digestion 8/7/2014 1 Ruminant Digestion 8/7/2014 1 Different Digestive Systems The three different types of digestive systems are: Monogastric Modified Monogastric Ruminant 8/7/2014 2 A few animals with ruminant digestive

More information

Ch 7 Nutrition in humans

Ch 7 Nutrition in humans Ch 7 Nutrition in humans Think about (Ch 7, p.2) 1. The stomach churns food into smaller pieces physically. The stomach wall secretes proteases to chemically digest proteins. It also releases hydrochloric

More information

Chapter 9: Digestion Review Assignment

Chapter 9: Digestion Review Assignment _ Date: Mark: /45 Chapter 9: Digestion Review Assignment 45 Multiple Choice = 45 Marks Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following roles do

More information

Digestive System. Digestive System. Digestion is the process of reducing food to small molecules that can be absorbed into the body.

Digestive System. Digestive System. Digestion is the process of reducing food to small molecules that can be absorbed into the body. Digestive System Digestion is the process of reducing food to small molecules that can be absorbed into the body. 2 Types of Digestion Mechanical digestion physical breakdown of food into small particles

More information

Nutrition. Why do humans need food? How do some animals get their food? ROUGHAGE NUTRIENTS. Animals make energy available using:

Nutrition. Why do humans need food? How do some animals get their food? ROUGHAGE NUTRIENTS. Animals make energy available using: Nutrition the activities by which organisms Why do humans need food? Animals make energy available using: obtain and process material needed for energy, growth, repair, and to maintain homeostasis humans

More information

DIGESTION SBI 3C: NOVEMBER 2010

DIGESTION SBI 3C: NOVEMBER 2010 DIGESTION SBI 3C: NOVEMBER 2010 DIAGRAM OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: Mouth Esophagus Liver Gallbladder Large Intestine Appendix Stomach Pancreas Small Intestine Rectum Anus STAGES OF DIGESTION: 1. INGESTION Taking

More information

Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology. Bio 219 Napa Valley College Dr. Adam Ross

Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology. Bio 219 Napa Valley College Dr. Adam Ross Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology Bio 219 Napa Valley College Dr. Adam Ross Functions of digestive system Digestion Breakdown of food (chemically) using enzymes, acid, and water Absorption Nutrients,

More information

Chapter 41: Animal Nutrition. 1. Overview of Animal Nutrition 2. Digestive Organs 3. Digestive Adaptations

Chapter 41: Animal Nutrition. 1. Overview of Animal Nutrition 2. Digestive Organs 3. Digestive Adaptations Chapter 41: Animal Nutrition 1. Overview of Animal Nutrition 2. Digestive Organs 3. Digestive Adaptations 1. Overview of Animal Nutrition The Need to Feed Feeding satisfies 3 requirements: 1 chemical energy

More information

1. Overview of Animal Nutrition

1. Overview of Animal Nutrition Chapter 41: Animal Nutrition 1. Overview of Animal Nutrition 2. Digestive Organs 3. Digestive Adaptations 1. Overview of Animal Nutrition The Need to Feed Feeding satisfies 3 requirements: 1 chemical energy

More information

The Digestive System

The Digestive System The Digestive System s Big Book of Handouts Digestion and nutrition Specific Learning outcomes B11-2-01: Identify major structures and functions of the human digestive system from a diagram, model, or

More information

Class XI Chapter 16 Digestion and Absorption Biology

Class XI Chapter 16 Digestion and Absorption Biology Question 1: Choose the correct answer among the following: (a) Gastric juice contains (i) pepsin, lipase and rennin (ii) trypsin lipase and rennin (iii) trypsin, pepsin and lipase (iv) trypsin, pepsin

More information

Lesson Overview The Digestive System

Lesson Overview The Digestive System 30.3 THINK ABOUT IT The only system in the body that food actually enters is the digestive system. So how does food get to the rest of the body after the process of digestion? Functions of the Digestive

More information

Lecture 41 28 April 2008 Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (MCB/VetSci 437) Univ. of Arizona, spring 2008 Kevin Bonine & Kevin Oh 1. Digestion (Ch4) http://eebweb.arizona.edu/eeb_course_websites.htm 1 Housekeeping,

More information

Question 1: Choose the correct answer among the following: (a) Gastric juice contains (i) pepsin, lipase and rennin (ii) trypsin lipase and rennin (iii) trypsin, pepsin and lipase (iv) trypsin, pepsin

More information

Animal Nutrition Human Digestion

Animal Nutrition Human Digestion Animal Nutrition Human Digestion 2006-2007 What do animals need to live? Animals make energy using: food food oxygen Animals build bodies using: food for raw materials amino acids, sugars, O fats, nucleotides

More information

Food is taken in, taken apart, and taken up in the process of animal nutrition. Omnivores regularly consume animals as well as plants or algae

Food is taken in, taken apart, and taken up in the process of animal nutrition. Omnivores regularly consume animals as well as plants or algae Ch 41 Animal Nutrition Need to Feed Food is taken in, taken apart, and taken up in the process of animal nutrition In general, animals fall into three categories: Herbivores eat mainly plants and algae

More information

Chapter 41: Animal Nutrition

Chapter 41: Animal Nutrition Metabolic Rate Animals are heterotrophs that require food for: 1) Fuel 2) Carbon Skeletons 3) Essential Nutrients Bioenergetics: Flow of energy through an organism Sets upper / lower limits Metabolic Rate:

More information

Digestive Lecture Test Questions Set 4

Digestive Lecture Test Questions Set 4 Digestive Lecture Test Questions Set 4 1. Which of the following is not associated directly with the small intestine: a. villi b. circular folds c. microvilli d. haustrae e. secretin 2. The largest (longest)

More information

Enamel Dentine Pulp cavity nerves & blood vessels Gums & Bone Crown & root. Tooth type and job. Why do humans have more than one type of tooth?

Enamel Dentine Pulp cavity nerves & blood vessels Gums & Bone Crown & root. Tooth type and job. Why do humans have more than one type of tooth? Tooth type and job Enamel Dentine Pulp cavity nerves & blood vessels Gums & Bone Crown & root Be able to sketch & label this Tooth type and job Why do humans have more than one type of tooth? Omnivores

More information

SNC4M The Digestive System

SNC4M The Digestive System SNC4M The Digestive System What is digestion? Chemical and mechanical breakdown of organic molecules into units small enough for the body to absorb These molecules provide: 1. Energy resources 2. Essential

More information

AFTER mechanical digestion, the pieces of food are still to be used by broken down. the cells. They MUST be EVEN MORE!!!!!!

AFTER mechanical digestion, the pieces of food are still to be used by broken down. the cells. They MUST be EVEN MORE!!!!!! Chemical Digestion Name Period Date AFTER mechanical digestion, the pieces of food are still to be used by broken down the cells. They MUST be EVEN MORE!!!!!! Special

More information

Learning Targets. The Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract. Also known as the alimentary canal. Hollow series of organs that food passes through

Learning Targets. The Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract. Also known as the alimentary canal. Hollow series of organs that food passes through Digestion the multistep process of breaking down food into molecules the body can use Learning Targets Describe the path food takes through the digestive system. Identify the major organs of the digestive

More information

B4 NUTRITION 4.3 Animal Nutrition

B4 NUTRITION 4.3 Animal Nutrition B4 NUTRITION 4.3 Animal Nutrition 1. State the term balanced diet & describe how balanced diet is related to age, sex & activity of an individual. Balanced diet: A diet that contains all the main nutrients

More information

Page 1. Chapter 34: Nutrition and Digestion

Page 1. Chapter 34: Nutrition and Digestion Chapter 34: Nutrition and Digestion Nutrition: Process of acquiring / processing nutrients into usable form Function of Nutrients: 1) Fuel cellular metabolism Measured in calories (energy required to raise

More information

Page 1. Electrolytes. Required to maintain certain functions. Imbalance causes death. Muscles, neurons, etc.

Page 1. Electrolytes. Required to maintain certain functions. Imbalance causes death. Muscles, neurons, etc. Chapter 34: Nutrition and Digestion Nutrition: Process of acquiring / processing nutrients into usable form Function of Nutrients: 1) Fuel cellular metabolism Measured in calories (energy required to raise

More information

Digestion Review V1 /36

Digestion Review V1 /36 Name: Class: _ Date: _ Digestion Review V1 /36 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the above parts of the digestive system would be

More information

UNIT 3. DIGESTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.

UNIT 3. DIGESTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. 1 UNIT 3. DIGESTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. 2 1. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 1) Which are the relationships between cellular respiration and the systems that perform nutrition in human body? Digestive system processes

More information

Primary Function. 1. Ingestion: food enters the system

Primary Function. 1. Ingestion: food enters the system Digestive System Primary Function 1. Ingestion: food enters the system - Physical and enzymatic breakdown begins 2. Digestion: Further breakdown - Chemical/enzymatic 3. Absorption: Nutrients enter circulatory

More information

Objective 4- Digestion

Objective 4- Digestion Objective 4- Digestion 1. Describe why cells require nutrients Supply energy for metabolism (cell activities), matter for synthesis of new materials, cell reproduction, secretion and to regulate cell processes

More information

3/26/2013 ANIMAL NUTRITION AN ANIMAL S DIET MUST SUPPLY CHEMICAL ENERGY, ORGANIC MOLECULES, AND ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS

3/26/2013 ANIMAL NUTRITION AN ANIMAL S DIET MUST SUPPLY CHEMICAL ENERGY, ORGANIC MOLECULES, AND ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS ANIMAL NUTRITION Food is taken in, taken apart, and taken up in the process of animal nutrition In general, animals fall into three categories: Herbivores eat mainly plants and algae Carnivores eat other

More information

NURSE-UP DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AKA G.I. SYSTEM

NURSE-UP DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AKA G.I. SYSTEM NURSE-UP DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AKA G.I. SYSTEM The digestive system is used for breaking down food into nutrients which then pass into the circulatory system and are taken to where they are needed in the body.

More information

Jargon. Chapter. Processing Food and Nutrition. Chapter 21

Jargon. Chapter. Processing Food and Nutrition. Chapter 21 One ATP Sandwich With extra phosphate Comin up Chapter Processing Food and Nutrition Chapter 21 Processing Food and Nutrition Objectives: 1. Understand the concepts of 2. Identify the anatomical parts

More information

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TYPES OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS Ingested food may be stored or first subjected to physical fragmentation Chemical digestion occurs next Hydrolysis reactions liberate the subunit molecules

More information

Biology 12 - The Digestive System - Chapter Notes

Biology 12 - The Digestive System - Chapter Notes Biology 12 - The Digestive System - Chapter Notes In a nutshell... The body uses a variety of small molecules (amino acids, fatty acids, glucose) for its metabolic needs. Food is mechanically and chemically

More information

This is descriptive - general zoologists might be interested in this: Suspension feeders - whales, gills, clams.

This is descriptive - general zoologists might be interested in this: Suspension feeders - whales, gills, clams. Nutrition: How to obtain food: This is descriptive - general zoologists might be interested in this: Suspension feeders - whales, gills, clams. Eat little particles suspended in the water. Substrate feeders

More information

Digestive Tract. Also called alimentary canal or gastrointestinal tract. stomach small intestine large intestine - anus

Digestive Tract. Also called alimentary canal or gastrointestinal tract. stomach small intestine large intestine - anus Digestive Tract Also called alimentary canal or gastrointestinal tract Mouth pharynxepiglottis- esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine - anus Digestive Tract Digestion: The mechanical and chemical

More information

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Composed of two parts: 1. 2. There are 4 main parts of digestion: 1. Ingestion: 2. Digestion: a. Mechanical Digestion: Example: b. Chemical Digestion: Example: 3. Absorption: 4. Egestion:

More information

Diges&on in the Stomach. Stomach Stores food. Secretes gastric juice (enzymes) converts a meal to acid chyme Mechanically grinds food.

Diges&on in the Stomach. Stomach Stores food. Secretes gastric juice (enzymes) converts a meal to acid chyme Mechanically grinds food. Tongue Pharynx Glottis Larynx Trachea Food Epiglottis up Esophageal contracted Esophagus To To lungs stomach Glottis up and closed Epiglottis down Esophageal relaxed Tongue Pharynx Glottis Larynx Trachea

More information

Protein Content (grams) 25 g 5 g 30 g 0 g 28 g 2 g. 20 g 10 g 30 g 0 g 27 g 3 g. 20 g 10 g 20 g 10 g 26 g 4 g. 10 g 20 g 10 g 20 g 10 g 20 g

Protein Content (grams) 25 g 5 g 30 g 0 g 28 g 2 g. 20 g 10 g 30 g 0 g 27 g 3 g. 20 g 10 g 20 g 10 g 26 g 4 g. 10 g 20 g 10 g 20 g 10 g 20 g Digestive Enzymes Introduction: A person is eating a food item. The food contains 30 grams of starch (a polysaccharide), 30 grams of protein and 30 grams of triglycerides (a lipid). Samples of digestive

More information

The Small Intestine. The pyloric sphincter at the bottom of the stomach opens, squirting small amounts of food into your small intestine.

The Small Intestine. The pyloric sphincter at the bottom of the stomach opens, squirting small amounts of food into your small intestine. The Small Intestine The pyloric sphincter at the bottom of the stomach opens, squirting small amounts of food into your small intestine. approximately six metres (the longest section of your digestive

More information

Chapter 3 Reading Guide Be sure to use the many figures and tables provided by the book to help answer these questions.

Chapter 3 Reading Guide Be sure to use the many figures and tables provided by the book to help answer these questions. Chapter 3 Reading Guide Be sure to use the many figures and tables provided by the book to help answer these questions. 1. What is digestion? What is the difference between mechanical and enzymatic digestion?

More information

Summary of chemical breakdown of food by hydrolytic enzymes (Protein enzymes).

Summary of chemical breakdown of food by hydrolytic enzymes (Protein enzymes). Biology 12 Digestive System Digestion Overview: The digestive process can be divided into 4 phases: 1. ingestion - includes swallowing and peristalsis 2. digestion - the physical (by teeth) and chemical

More information

Animal Nutrition Human Digestion

Animal Nutrition Human Digestion Animal Nutrition Human Digestion 2006-2007 What do animals need to live? Animals make energy using: u food food u oxygen Animals build bodies using: u food for raw materials amino acids, sugars, O fats,

More information

Chapter 33 Active Reading Guide Animal Nutrition

Chapter 33 Active Reading Guide Animal Nutrition Name: AP Biology Mr. Croft Chapter 33 Active Reading Guide Animal Nutrition Section 1 1. When asked Why do animals eat? you might answer something like in order to live. However, this would not be a college-level

More information

Animal Nutrition Variations, Adaptations & Regulation

Animal Nutrition Variations, Adaptations & Regulation Animal Nutrition Variations, Adaptations & Regulation This obese mouse (L) has defect in gene which normally produces leptin, an appetite-regulating protein. Many herbivores have diets deficient in mineral

More information

Biology 12 - Digestion Notes

Biology 12 - Digestion Notes Biology 12 - Digestion Notes Anatomy Physiology Functions of the Digestive System -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- food (enzymes, bile, HCl) to assist

More information

Two main groups Alimentary canal continuous coiled hollow tube Accessory digestive organs

Two main groups Alimentary canal continuous coiled hollow tube Accessory digestive organs Digestion Breakdown of ingested food Absorption of nutrients into the blood Metabolism Production of cellular energy (ATP) Constructive and degradative cellular activities Two main groups Alimentary canal

More information

CLASS XI BIOLOGY. Digestion And Absorption. Finish Line & Beyond send your queries to

CLASS XI BIOLOGY. Digestion And Absorption. Finish Line & Beyond send your queries to CLASS XI BIOLOGY Digestion And Absorption 1. Choose the correct answer among the following : (a) Gastric juice contains (i) pepsin, lipase and rennin (ii) trypsin, lipase and rennin (iii) trypsin, pepsin

More information

Reading Comprehension of the digestive tract

Reading Comprehension of the digestive tract Reading Comprehension of the digestive tract Digestion is a process that break-down food into small molecule called nutrient. These small molecule called nutrients pass through the cell membrane or absorb

More information

DIGESTIVE. CHAPTER 17 Lecture: Part 1 Part 2 BIO 212: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II

DIGESTIVE. CHAPTER 17 Lecture: Part 1 Part 2 BIO 212: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II BIO 212: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II CHAPTER 17 Lecture: DIGESTIVE Part 1 Part 2 Dr. Lawrence G. Altman www.lawrencegaltman.com Some illustrations are courtesy of McGraw-Hill. SMALL INTESTINE DUODENUM > JEJUNUM

More information

CIE Biology GCSE 7: Human nutrition

CIE Biology GCSE 7: Human nutrition CIE Biology GCSE 7: Human nutrition Notes Humans need many different nutrients to survive. To receive these nutrients in the correct quantities, a balanced diet must be eaten. A balanced diet includes

More information

Physiology Unit 4 DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY

Physiology Unit 4 DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY Physiology Unit 4 DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY In Physiology Today Functions Motility Ingestion Mastication Deglutition Peristalsis Secretion 7 liters/day! Exocrine/endocrine Digestion Absorption Digestion of

More information

Chapter 15 Gastrointestinal System

Chapter 15 Gastrointestinal System Chapter 15 Gastrointestinal System Dr. LL Wang E-mail: wanglinlin@zju.edu.cn Rm 608, Block B, Research Building, School of Medicine, Zijingang Campus Pancreatic Secretion The exocrine cells in the pancreas

More information

Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 35

Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 35 Biology Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 35 Digestion The breakdown of complex biological molecules into their component parts. Lipids to fatty acids Proteins to individual amino acids

More information

Harvesting energy from food. Digestion: A Closer Look. Where digestion begins. Salivary Glands 4/17/13. Or how food gets from

Harvesting energy from food. Digestion: A Closer Look. Where digestion begins. Salivary Glands 4/17/13. Or how food gets from Harvesting energy from food Or how food gets from to and body structures Cheese protein (a polymer of amino acids in a specific sequence) Breakdown of protein by human digestive system Amino acid monomer

More information

An overview of the digestive system. mouth pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum anus

An overview of the digestive system. mouth pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum anus An overview of the digestive system mouth pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum anus Why GIT? What are the main steps in the digestive process? Ingestion intake of food via the

More information

I. The Alimentary Canal (GI track)

I. The Alimentary Canal (GI track) A. About 9 meters long B. Passes through the ventral cavity. C.Movements of the Tube 1. Mixing movements- smooth muscles contract rhythmically. 2. Propelling movements- a wavelike motion called peristalsis.

More information

Different diets; different lives All animals eat other organisms. Mouth

Different diets; different lives All animals eat other organisms. Mouth Digestive and Excretory System TOC #4 Digestive System *3) Digestive System: Mouth, Saliva, Esophagus, Peristalsis, Chyme, Stomach, Small Intestine, Pancreas, Liver, Villi, Large Intestine, Excretory System:

More information

1. Three Main Functions. Chapter 19: 2. Two Groups of digestive organs. 2. Two Groups of digestive organs. 1. The Teeth 5/18/2015

1. Three Main Functions. Chapter 19: 2. Two Groups of digestive organs. 2. Two Groups of digestive organs. 1. The Teeth 5/18/2015 1. Three Main Functions Chapter 19: General Structure and Function of the Digestive System Digestion-breakdown of food into small particles for transport to blood Absorption- into bloodstream to take to

More information

MCAT Biology Problem Drill 20: The Digestive System

MCAT Biology Problem Drill 20: The Digestive System MCAT Biology Problem Drill 20: The Digestive System Question No. 1 of 10 Question 1. During the oral phase of swallowing,. Question #01 A. Initially, the food bolus is moved to the back of the tongue and

More information

Lesson 1. Introduction to Body Systems (Machalina song) Nutrition

Lesson 1. Introduction to Body Systems (Machalina song) Nutrition Lesson 1 Introduction to Body Systems (Machalina song) Nutrition Let s figure out how many body systems there are! Draw a hollow body diagram Draw in each body part as it is mentioned in the song!!! Chorus:

More information

Digestive Care Advisor Training #1. Digestion 101 & H.O.P.E.

Digestive Care Advisor Training #1. Digestion 101 & H.O.P.E. Digestive Care Advisor Training #1 & H.O.P.E. The Digestive System in Brief The Process of Digestion The human digestive system is a complex series of organs and glands that process food and excrete waste.

More information

Unit C: Meeting Nutritional Needs of Animals. Lesson 2: Understanding Animal Digestion

Unit C: Meeting Nutritional Needs of Animals. Lesson 2: Understanding Animal Digestion Unit C: Meeting Nutritional Needs of Animals Lesson 2: Understanding Animal Digestion Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following objectives:

More information