Chapter 22. Body Organization & Structure

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1 Chapter 22 Body Organization & Structure

2 Start-Up Activity Too Cold for Comfort Hold a few pieces of ice in one hand. Hold the ice until the cold is uncomfortable. Then release the ice into the dish. Compare your hands, color, texture, feel (inside and out). What are some changes occurring? Answer the questions on page

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4 Respiratory Muscular Digestive Cardiovascular Endocrine Pump blood Enable movement Send out chemical messages Absorb oxygen Break down food

5 Respiratory Muscular Digestive Cardiovascular Endocrine Pump blood Enable movement Send out chemical messages Absorb oxygen Break down food

6 Tissue I. Tissue Group of similar cells that perform a common function A. Four kinds of Tissue 1. Epithelial tissue covers and protects underlying tissue a. When you look at the surface of your skin, you see this tissue b. Form a continuous sheet

7 2. Nervous Tissue sends electrical signals through the body a. It is found in the brain, nerves, and sense organs 3. Muscle Tissue made of cells that contract and relax to produce movement 4. Connective tissue joins, supports, protects, insulates, nourishes, cushions organ. It also keeps organs from falling apart.

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9 Cell Tissue Organ - System Organ two or more tissues working together Organ system organs that work together

10 11 Major Organ Systems I. Integumentary System A. Skin, hair, nails B. Protect the tissues that lies beneath them II. Muscular System A. Muscular system works with skeletal system to help you move. III. Skeletal System A. Your bones provide support and protect your body parts

11 IV. Cardiovascular System A. Your heart pumps blood through all of your blood vessels V. Respiratory System B. You lungs absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide VI. Urinary System A. Removes wastes from the blood B. Regulates you body s fluids

12 VII. Reproductive System A. Male - produces and delivers sperm B. Female produces eggs, nourishes and protects fetus VIII. Nervous System A. Receives and sends electrical message for body IX. Digestive System A. Breaks down food into nutrients your body can absorb

13 X. Lymphatic System A. Returns leaked fluids to blood vessels B. Gets rid of bacteria and viruses XI. Endocrine System A. Glands that send out chemical messages B. Ovaries & Tests part of this system

14 Assignment Section 1 Review All When you are done turn in your notebook, so I can take them home and correct them.

15 Section 2 The Skeletal System Bones Cartilage Connective tissue

16 Bones 206 bones in adult body Support Protection Movement Blood Cell Formation Store minerals

17 Bone Structure Osteoblasts living cells in bone that deposit minerals Compact Bone tissue with no visible open spaces Spongy Bone provides strength and support for a bone.

18 Bone Growth When born most bone is still cartilage Cartilage grows and develops into bone Growth plates are areas of cartilage still in the bone

19 Joints Joint place where two or more bones come together Ligaments hold together joints Gliding Joint - Ball and socket joint - hinge

20 Making You Read page 17 from your packet Cut a piece of paper the size of you Cut and color bones according to instructions on page Divide back side of paper into 11 squares Label the first square Skeletal System and then list the parts that make the system.

21 Assignment Section review 1-6 and 8 No #7

22 Muscular System Muscular system made up of the muscles that let you move. Smooth muscle Kinds of Muscles 1. digestive tract 2. walls of blood vessels Cardiac Muscle 1. heart Skeletal Muscle 1. attached to your bones for movement 2. protect your inner organs

23 Movement Tendons-strands of tough connective tissue connect muscle to bones Flexor muscle Extensor muscle

24 Making You Read page 20 in packet Color, cut and paste according to directions on page 21 & 22

25 Assignment Section Review page

26 Section 3 Integumentary System system that forms a protective covering on the outside of the body I. Function A. Protects 1. Keeps water in 2. Keeps particles out B. Allows you to feel C. Regulates body temperature (sweat glands) D. Helps get rid of waste

27 II. Layers of Skin A. Epidermis surface layer of cells 1. As thick as two sheets of paper 2. Most cells are dead 3. Dead cells in this layer contain keratin (helps make the skin tough) B. Dermis layer of skin below the epidermis 1. Contains collagen

28 III. Hair & Nails A. Hair 1. Protects skin 2. Ultraviolet light 3. Keeps dust and bugs out 4. Regulate body temperature B. Nails 1. Nails protect fingers and toes to maintain sensitive touch

29 Making You Read page 33 Color a portion of one hand the color of skin. Add finger nails to the hand. Label as integumentary system

30 assignment Section Review Page 595»All

31 Skills Practice Lab p.596 Follow the instruction step by step in your book. Set a table for measurements each science class. We should finish this up near the end of our study of the body.

32 Start up Activity We will do this lab together step by step. Label this lab under labs as Start up Activity p. 605

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34 The Cardiovascular System I. Cardiovascular System A. Heart B. Blood C. Blood vessels

35 II. Heart A. Made mostly of cardiac muscle tissue B. The size of your fist C. Center of chest cavity D. Two sides 1. right side pumps oxygen rich blood to the lungs 2. Left side pumps oxygen rich blood to the body E. Two Chambers 1. Upper chamber atrium 2. Lower chamber - ventricle

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37 III. Blood Vessels A. Arteries- carries blood away from the heart B. Capillaries a tiny vessel that allows an exchange between blood and cells in other tissue C. Veins carries blood to the heart

38 IV. Circulation A. Pulmonary Circulation the flow of blood to and from the heart and lungs B. Systemic Circulation flow of blood to and from all parts of the body

39 Assignment Chapter 22 Chapter Review This will be graded for points of right and wrong Chapter 23 Section 1 Review Graded for done or not done

40 Making you Read page 7 Follow the directions for coloring the heart on page 8. Make sure to draw in your own capillaries and color them.

41 Blood fluid that carries gasses, nutrients, and wastes through the body Plasma Red blood cells Platelets White blood cells

42 Plasma fluid part of the blood Red Blood Cells transport oxygen and hemoglobin through out the body Platelets create blood clots for our bodies White Blood Cells destroy pathogens in the body.

43 Body Temperature Regulation your brain sends signals to blood vessels to grow or shrink to release heat. Blood Pressure force exerted by blood on the walls of arteries Blood Type- describes the antigens that are connect to your red blood cells (A, B, AB, O)

44 Lymphatic System Lymphatic vessels Capillaries Bone marrow Lymph nodes Thymus gland Spleen tonsils

45 Lymphatic System group of organs and tissues that collect the excess fluid and return it to your blood. Lymph the fluid that is collected by the lymphatic vessels nodes Lymphocytes type of white blood cell that helps your body fight pathogens

46 Lymph nodes small masses of tissue that remove pathogens and dead cells from the lymph Thymus gland that produces T cells that are ready to fight infection.

47 Spleen red blood cell recycling center destroys and sends parts of RBC s back to be reused when they are old Tonsils help defend the body against infection through the mouth

48 Making You Read page 11 Color and add spleen Add straws and label them Lymphatic vessels (small straws) Add beans and label them lymph nodes in neck Draw in tonsils- color redish pink

49 Nose Bronchus Diaphragm Pharynx Larynx Trachea Lung Respiratory System

50 Respiration process by which a doby gets and uses oxygen and release carbon dioxide and water Breathing inhaling and exhaling Cellular respiration chemical reactions that release energy from food Respiratory System group of organs that take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide

51 Nose Pharynx (throat) - Larynx Trachea Lungs Bronchus Bronchiole Alveoli

52 Diaphragm dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs it contracts to move air

53 The Digestive System Organs that break down food to be used by the body Mouth pharynx Esophagus stomach Food Small intestine large intestinepasses Rectum anus through Liver gallbladder Pancreas salivary glands

54 Mechanical Digestion breaking, crushing, mashing, Chemical large molecules are broken down into nutrients

55 Quick Lab You don t need to write this one down I will demonstrate as you follow along on the side of page635

56 1. Mouth & Saliva - Saliva works with the teeth to break down food 2. Esophagus- tongue pushes food down the esophagus 3. Stomach- squeezes the food with muscles and then releases enzymes and acid to further break down food 4. Small intestines releases the chyme into its self and then mixes fluids from the liver and pancreas with the chyme to stop the strong acids in the chyme

57 Fluid breaker downer Organs Pancreas organ that makes enzymes and hormones to regulate sugar levels Liver makes bile, stores nutrients, breaks down toxins Gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver

58 Lab I have given you 24 strips of paper. You need to tape them together end to end. Do not over lap them. Now draw a 3 2/3 in square on your paper. Repeatedly bend the long strip into irregular lengths so that the paper also fits into the square.

59 4 ½ as chyme is passed through the small intestines little villi absorb nutrietion from the chyme and absorbed into the blood stream 5. Anything not absorbed is pushed into large intestines. Here left over chyme is turned into feces. 6. Feces is stored in the rectum until it leaves the body through the anus.

60 Assignment 18 question little quiz over first two chapters (22 & 23) on Friday. Do page 641 Chapter 24 section 1 review

61 Making You Draw in mouth and teeth Esophagus connect mouth and stomach with large straw and then label as esophagus Read page 12 Color and fasten parts according to instructions. I have fasteners in my box.

62 Urinary System Remove waste products from your blood Kidney Ureter Urinary Bladder Urethra

63 Kidney one of the pair of organs that filter Nephrons Unit in the kidney that filters blood

64 Making You Follow the instructions from the packet pages * Remember that I have the picture if you need it.

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