Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Transcription

1 इ टरन ट म नक Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public. ज न1 क अ+धक र, ज 1 क अ+धक र Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan The Right to Information, The Right to Live प0र 1 क छ ड न' 5 तरफ Jawaharlal Nehru Step Out From the Old to the New IS 5719 (2005): Gelatin, Food Grade [FAD 8: Food Additives]! न $ एक न' भ रत क +नम-ण Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda Invent a New India Using Knowledge! न एक ऐस खज न > ज कभ च0र य नहB ज सकत ह ह Bhartṛhari Nītiśatakam Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen

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4 ts 5719:2005 \ 6 Wl@w7Fm HmTf& ( W5a7y-tfim) GELATIN, Indian Standard FOOD GRADE SPECIFICATION (First &vision) ICS COBIS 2005 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI Ju/y 2005 Price Group 4

5 Food Additives Sectional Committee, FAD 8 FORE WORD This-Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Food Additives Sectional Committee had been approved by the Food and Agriculture Division Council. Gelatin is widely used in the food processing industry as a stabilizer, gelling agent, emulsifying agent and a crystallization inhibitor. It is also permitted as a food additive under the PFA Rules, This standard was first published in 1970 to guide the indigenous manufacturers in making their product conform to international specifications. Considerable assistance was derived from the Pharmacopoeia of India, 1966 and the British Standard on sampling and testing gelatins in the preparation of the stan-dard. This standard is being revised to update and align with the JECFA specification for gelatin specifically with regards to the limits for heavy metal contaminants and methods of test. h the preparation of this standard, due consideration has been given to the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 and the Rules, 1955 framed thereunder. Due consideration has also been given to the Standard of Weights and Measures (Packaged Commodities) Rules, However, this standard is subject to restrictions imposed under these, wherever applicable. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with 1S2: 1960 Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised). The-number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified va[ue in this standard.

6 IS 5719:2005 GELATIN, Indian Standard FOOD GRADE SPECIFICATION (First Revision) 1 SCOPE This standard prescribes requirements and methods of sampling and test for gelatin, food grade which is also known as edible gelatin. 2 RE-l?ERENCES The following standards contain provisions which through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below: 1sNo. 1!370: : : (Part 1): : (Part 2): DEFINITION 3.1 Gelatin Title Reagent grade water (third revision) Methods of sampling and test for synthetic food colours (second revision) Food hygiene General principles Code of practice (secondrevision) Microbiology General guidance for enumeration of coliforms: Part 1 Colony count technique (first revision) Microbiology General guidance for the enumeration of microorganisms Colony count technique at 30 C (jirst revision) Methods for detection of bacteria responsible for food poisoning: Part 2 Isolation, identification and enumeration of staphylococcus aureus and faecal revision) Gelatin is a protein produced-by partial hydrolysis of collagen derived from skin, tendons, ligaments and bones of animals. 4 REQUIREMENTS 4.1 Description Gelatin shall be in the form of sheets, flakes, shreds or coarse to fine powder, faint yellow or amber in colour, the shade varying in depth according to particle size Itshall have a slight bouillon like odour. It is stable in air when dry, but is susceptible to microbial decomposition when moist or in solution. 4.2 Identification So[ubility Gelatin is practically insoluble in cold water but shall swell -and soften when immersed in it, gradually absorbing from 5 to 10 times its own weight of water. It is soluble in hot water; mixture of hot water and glycerin forming ajelly on cooling; and in acetic acid (approximately 5 N). Gelatin ispractically insoluble in alcohol (95 percent), in chloroform, solvent ether and fixed and volatile oils Precipitate Formation To asolution of gelatin (1 in 100) add trinitrophenol TS or a solution of potassium bichromate (1in 15previously mixed with about one-fourth its volume of dilute hydrochloric acid, ayellow precipitate shall be formed. To asohtion of gelatin ( 1in 100) add mercuric nitrate solution; a white precipitate shall be formed which develops a brick red colour on warming Development of Turbidity To a solution (1 in 5 000) add tannic acid TS; the solutkm becomes turbid When heated with soda lime, ammonia is evolved. 4.3 The product shall also conform to the requirements given in Table The product shall be processe~ packed, stored and distributed under hygienic conditions in licensed premises (see IS 2491). 5 PACKING, STORAGE AND MARKING 5.1 Packing The product shall be filled in ghiss containers or any other containers wjth as little airspace aspossible. The containers shall be such as to preclude contamination of the contents with metals or other impurities. 5.2 Storage The product shall be stored in a cool and dry place so as to avoid excessive exposure to heat.

7 IS 5719:2005 SI No. (1) i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) viii) ix) x) xi) Characteristic (2) Loss on drying, pereent by mass, Mux Gel strength Total ash, pereent by mass, Mux Sulphur dioxide, mg/kg, Mar Nitrogen (on dry basis), percent by mass, Min Arsenic (as As), mg/kg, Max Lead (as Pb), mglkg, Ma Heavy metals, mg/kg, Max Total bacteria coung per g, Mux.Escherk#ria coli, per g, Max Faecal streptococci enterococci, per g, Mux Table 1 Requirements for Gelatin (Clause 4.3) Requirement (3) 18 To PSSS kst Method of Test, Ref to - %nex of ttds Standard IS (4) A B c D E (5). 15 of IS of IS of IS 1699 IS 5402 Is 5401 (Part 1) 1S5887 (Part 2) Marking Each container shall be legibly and indelibly marked with the following information: a) b) c) d) e) f)!3) Name of the material including the words Food grade ; Name and address of the manufacturer; Batch or code number; Net content when packed; Instruction for storage; Best before date (Month and year to be given by the manufacturer); and Any other requirements as given under the Standards of Weights and Measures (Packaged Commodities) Rules, 1977 and Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 and Rules framed thereunder BIS Certljlcation Marking The product may alsobe marked with the Standard Mark The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the previsions of the Bureau of Indian Standar& Act, 1986 and.the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The details of conditions under which the licence for the use of Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers maybe obtained from the Bureau of Indhm Standards. 6 SAMPLING Representative samples of the material shall be drawn according to the method prescribed in 4 of IS QUALITY OF REAGENTS Unless specified otherwise, pure chemicals and distilled water (see IS 1070) shall be employed in tests. A-1 PROCEDURE DETERMINATION Weigh accurately about 1 g of the material (do not powder sheet gelatin while preparing the sample) preferably in a stainless steel dish with an aluminum cover. The dish should weigh about 25 g and should have a diameter of about 70 mm and a height of about 15 mm. Add 10 ml of water and allow to soak. Heat on a water-bath to form a homogeneous solution and continue heating until most of the water has evaporated. Dry for 2 hat 105 C and for firther periods of 30 min until two successive weighings do not differ by more than 1 mg. ANNEX A ~Table 1, S1No, (i)] OF LOSS ON DRYING 2 A-2 CALCULATION loo(y-w2) Moisture, percent by mass = w ~ 1- where W] = mass of the dish with material before drying, in g; W, = mass of the dish with material after drying, in g; and W = mass of the empty dish, in g.

8 IS 5719:2005 ANNEX B [Tabk DETERMINATION 1, S1lVo. (ii)] OF GEL STRENGTH B-1 PROC-EDU-RE 12mm and place the tube in an ice-bath, making certain Weigh accurately about 1 g and place with 99 of water that the top of the solution is below the level of the ice in a 200 ml flask. Allow to stand for 15 rein; then place and water. Place the bath containing the tube in a the flask in a water-bath at 60 C,and swirl occasionally refrigerator, and maintain it at about O Cfor 6 h. When until solution is complete. Transfer 10 ml of the the tube is removed from the bath and inverted, no solution to a test-tube having an internal diameter of movement of the gel shall be observed. ANNEX C [Table 1, S1 No. (iii)] DETERMINATION OF TOTAL ASH C-1 PROCEDURE is not possible to obtain a carbon-free ash in this way, Take about 2or 3g, accurately weighed, of the ground exhaust the charred mass with hot water, collect the material in a tared platinum or silica dish previously residue on anashless filter paper, incinerate the residue ignited and weighed. Scatter the material in afine even and filter paper, add the filtrate, evaporate to dryness layer on the bottom of the dish. Incinerate by gradually and ignite -at a low temperature. Calculate the increasing the heat (about 555 C), not exceeding dull percentage of ash with reference to the air dried red heat, until free from carbon, cool and weigh. If it material. ANNEX D [Table 1, S1No. (iv)] METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE D-O GENERAL Two methods are recommended for the determination of sulphur dioxide, both of which give consistent and accurate results. The first method is generally adopted in the food industry for arbitration purposes. The second method is simpler and quicker. D-1 METHOD 1 D-1. 1 Apparatus The apparatus is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1 and comprises a round-bottom flask of 1500 ml capacity (preferably provided with two necks) fitted with a lead in tube, passing to within 1.3 cm of the bottom of the flask, connected to a supply of carbon dioxide, and with a reflux condenser. A tube from the upper end of the condenser passes to the bottom of a 250 ml conical flask which acts as a receiver and which is followed by two Wohler (Peligot) tubes. All connections are made by means of glass tubing passing through rubber bungs. D-1.2 Reagents D Hydrogen Peroxide 3 percent neutral solution, free ffom sulphate. D Barium Chloride D Hydrochloric 10 percent solution. Acid 2 N solution. D Hyakochloric Acid concentrated, sp gr D Carbon Dioxide D Sodium Hydroxide 0.1 N solution, accurately standardized, D Bromophenol Blue Indicator Dissolve 0.5 g of bromophenol blue in 7.5 ml of 0.1 N sodium 3

9 IS 5719:2005 CONDENSER 2 / = ml FLASK - -. =. =-_- \ L- 250-ml RECEIVER --_ -- FIG. 1 APPARATUSFORTHEDETERMINATIONOFSULPHURDIOXIDEMETHOD1 hydroxide solution and dilute to 1000 ml with distilled water. D-1.3 P[ocedure Measure 10 ml of the hydrogen peroxide solution into the conical flask, add the same quantity into the first Wohler tube. In the second tube (which serves as a guard) place 5 ml of a mixture, of equal volumes of the hydrogen peroxide and barium chloride solutions, which has been slightly acidified with 2 N hydrochloric acid solution. Introduce 500 ml of distilled water and 20 ml of the concentrated hydrochloric acid into the roundbottomed flask and.boil for a short time in acurrent of carbon dioxide. Allow to cool, while continuing the flow of carbon dioxide, and add about 32 g, accurately weighed, of the powdered sample to the flask. For this purpose, momentarily remove the bung through which the lead-in tube passes. Heat gently until the gelatin is in solution and then boil for 1h, passing aslow current of carbon dioxide. Justbefore the end of the distillation, stop the flow of water through the condenser, to allow any sulphur dioxide, which is retained by the condensed moisture in the tube of the condenser to be driven over into the receiver, cooling the latter meanwhile by immersion in a vessel of water. As soon as the exit from the condenser is hot to the touch at the point of entry into the receiverj disconnect from the condenser and wash down into the receiver with distilled water. Combine the contents of the first Wohler tube with the liquid in the conical flask, and titrate cold with the sodium hydroxide solution, using bromophenol blue indicator. The solution in the second Wohler tube should remain perfectly clear. If any precipitate of barium sulphate is formed, the test should be repeated with an increased volume of hydrogen peroxide present in the conical flask and first tube. 4

10 IS 5719:2005 D-1.4 Calculation 0.32 T Sulphur dioxide, percent by mass = ~ where T = volume of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution required, in millilitres and W = mass of the in g. Hence, if exactly 32 g of sample are taken and sodium hydroxide solution is exactly 0.1 N. 1ml of sodium hydroxide solution= D-2 METHOD 2 D-2.1 Apparatus 100 ppm of S02 D Distillation Apparatus (see Fig. 2) It comprises a special round-bottom flask of 500 ml capacity, with a steam inlet and outlet connected to double surface condenser (Davies pattern or equivalent). The bottom of the condenser is connected by means of a glass adaptor to a 250 ml conical flask which acts as receiver. All connections are made by means of glass tubing passing through rubber bungs. D Burrette preferably 10 ml, graduated in-o.05 ml divisions, D-2.2 Reagents D Sulphuric Acid Solution Dilute 50 ml of sulphuric acid, sp gr 1.84 to 250 ml with distilled water. D Hydrogen Peroxide 10 volumes. D Sodium Hydroxide Solution 0.05 N, accurately standardized. D Screened Methyl Red fndicator Dissolve 0.05 g of methyl red and g of methylene blue in 200 ml of ethanol. D-2.3 Procedure Place 75 ml of distilled water in the flask, introduce 20 g of powdered gelatin, followed by 25 ml of the sulphuric acidsolution.connect flask to the condenser. Place 20 ml of the hydrogen peroxide solution, neutralized to the end point of the indicator, in the receiver and arrange it so that the condenser adaptor dips into the liquid. Pass acurrent of steam for 10rein, collecting about 100ml of distillate in this time. Titrate the distillate with the sodium hydroxide solution, using the recommended indicator to green end-point. It is advisable to titrate in daylight. D-2.4 Calcuhition 0.16T Sulphur dioxide, percent by mass = ~ where T = volume of 0.05 N sodium hydroxide solution required, in millilitres; and W = mass of the sample taken, in g.

11 IS 5719:2005 u -GLASS 250-ml RECEIVER fl KTSTEAM INLET r - 11 L u - - r== J 1== =-- / -, SPECIAL - _:- 500ml FLASK fh- VERY usmall e DOUBLE FLAME SURFACE -CONDENSER. - \ If - - \ FIG. 2 APPARATUSFORTHEDETERMINATION OFSULPHURDIOXIDEMETHOD2 6

12 IS 5719:2005 ANNEX E [Table 1, S1NO.(V)] DETERMINATION OF NITROGEN E-1 APPARATUS E-.1.1 A recommended apparatus, as assembled, is shown in Fig. 3. The assembly consists of a round bottom flaskaof 1000 ml capacity fitted with arubber stopper through which passes one-end of the connecting bulb tube B. The other end of the bulb tube B is connected to the condenser C which is attached, by means of a rubber tube, to a dip tube D which dips into a known quantity of standard sulphuric acid contained in a beaker E of 250 ml capacity. E-1.2 Kjeldahl Flask capacity 500 ml. E-2 REAGENTS E-2.1 Anhydrous Sodium Sulphate E-2.2 Copper Sulphate E-2.3 Concentrated Sulphuric Acid s.pgr E-2.4 Sodium Hydroxide Solution Dissolve about 225 g of sodium hydroxide in 500 ml of water. E-2.5 Standard Sulphuric Acid 0.1 N. FIG. 3 APPARATUSFORDETERMINATION OFNITROGEN 7

13 .. Is 5719:2005 E-2.6 Nlethyl Red Indicator Solution Dissolve 1 g of methyl red in 200 ml of rectified spirit (95 percent by volume). E-2.7 Standard Sodium Hydroxide Solution 0.1 N. E-3 PROCEDURE E-3. 1 Transfer carefully about 0.3 g of the material, accurately weighed, to the Kjeldahl flask, taking precaution to see that particles of the material do not stick onto the neck of the flask. Add about 10 g of anhydrous sodium sulphate, about 0.2 to 0.3 g of copper sulphate and 20 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid,.place the flask in an inclined position. Heat below the boiling point of the acid until frothing ceases. Increase heat until the acid boils vigorously and digest for 30 min after the mixture becomes clear and pale green or colorless. Cool the contents of the flask. Transfer quantitatively to the round bottom flask with water, the total quantity of water used being about 200 ml. Add with shaking a few pieces of pumice stone to prevent bumping. Add about 50 ml of the sodium hydroxide solution (which is sufficient to make the solution alkaline) carefhlly through the sideof the flask so that it does not mix at once with the acid solution but forms a layer below the acid contained in the beaker. Mix the contents of the flask by shaking and distil until all ammonia has passed over into the standard sulphuric acid. Shut off the burner and immediately detach the flask tlom the condenser. Rinse the condenser thoroughly with water into the beaker. Wash the dip tube carefully so that all traces of the condensate are transferred to the beaker. When all the washings have drained into the beaker, add two or three drops of methyl. red indicator solution and titrate with the standard, sodium hydroxide solution. E-3.2 Carry out ablank determination using allregenta in the same quantities but without the material to be tested. E-4 CALCULATION Nitrogen (on dry basis), percent by mass where B= A= N. w= ~. 140(B-A)N = W.(loo --m) volume of the standard sodium hydroxide solution used to neutralize the acid in the blank determination, in ml; volume of the standard sodium hydroxide solution used to neutralize the excess of acid in the test with the material, in ml; normality of the standard sodium hydroxide solution; mass of the material taken for the test, in g; and moisture, percent by mass, in the material (see A-2).

14 Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by refkrring to the latest issue of BIS Catalogue and Standards: Monthly Additions. This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot: No. FAD 8 (1473). Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected Headquarters: BUREAU OF INDIAN -STANDARDS Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi Telephones: , , website : Regional Offices: Telephones Central : Eastern : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg NEW DELHI { /14 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Kankurgachi , KOLKATA { , Northern : SCO , Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI { { , , Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) , MUMBAI { , Branches : AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARXDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKN(3W. NAGPUR. NALAGARH. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. VISAKHAPATNAM. Printed at Simco Printing Press, Delhi