Importance of fertigation scheduling

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1 Importance of fertigation scheduling Mr. C K Patel Sr. Manager Agronomy Ck.patel@netafim.com SBU-WEST-NETAFIM

2 Proper fertigation scheduling can maximize the fertilizers use efficiency & Crop yield Different factors affecting the fertigation scheduling Scheduling must be based on law of Minimum Essential elements for plant Crop growth stage Nutrients uptake by various crops Cation exchange capacity Soil fertility & texture Soil PH & EC Salt tolerance of crops Fertilizers compatibility soil temperature 2

3 The Law of Minimum 3 The element which is in shortest supply (in this case, K) limits the yield Justus von Liebg 1840

4 Essential elements for plant Mn B Mo Micro Nutrient Fe Zn Cu Ca Mg S Secondary Nutrient N P K C H O Cl Primary Nutrient Natural 4

5 NPK daily uptake rate (kg ha -1 day -1 ) Fertigation scheduling V/S Crop growth stage NUTRIENTS APPLICATION ACCORDING TO THE UPTAKE RATE OF THE CROP 5 4 Broccoli N P spoon feeding 3 K K N P Days after emergence or transplanting 5

6 Nutrient Uptake by various crops Nutrient Uptake Soil analysis Available nutrients in soil LAI Plant density Crop growth phase Targeted yield/variety Efficiency factors Fertilizers nutrients requirement 6

7 Cation Exchange Capacity Soil Texture CEC Range ( meq /100gm soil ) Organic soils > 50 Fine (clay) Medium (silt) 8-30 Coarse(sand)

8 8 Fertigation scheduling on the basis of soil fertility & texture

9 Influence of soil ph on the availability of plant nutrients Optimal ph value: 5 6 Maximal nutrient availability High ph values: Reduced nutrient availability Low ph values: Reduced nutrient availability Toxic levels of Al, Mn 9

10 Only Fertigation grade Nitrogen - N Fertilizers Grade Formula ph (1 g/l at 20 o C) Urea CO(NH 2 ) Potassium nitrate KNO Ammonium sulfate (NH 4 ) 2 SO Urea ammonium nitrate CO(NH 2 ) 2. NH 4 NO 3 Ammonium nitrate NH 4 NO Mono ammonium phosphate NH 4 H 2 PO Calcium nitrate Ca(NO 3 ) Magnesium nitrate Mg(NO 3 )

11 Phosphorous-P Fertilizers Grade Formula ph (1 g/l at 20 o C) Phosphoric acid H 3 PO Monopotassium phosphate KH 2 PO Mono ammonium phosphate NH 4 H 2 PO Urea Phosphate

12 Potash - K Fertilizers Grade Formula ph (1 g/l at 20 o C) Other nutrients Potassium chloride Potassium nitrate Potassium sulfate Potassium thiosulfate Monopotassium phosphate KCl % Cl KNO % N K 2 SO % S K 2 S 2 O 3 17 % S KH 2 PO % P 2 O 5 12

13 Divisions for Relative Salt Tolerance(EC) Ratings of Agricultural Crops 100% 90% 75% 50% 0% maximum 3 FIELD CROPS EC e EC w EC e EC w EC e EC w EC e EC w EC e EC w Barley Cotton ( Sugarbet Sorghum Wheat Soybean Cowpea Groundnut Rice (paddy) Sugarcane Corn (maize) Flax Broadbean Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) (Source: Mass, 1984) 13

14 fertilizer compatibility Calcium nitrate + Sulfates CaSO 4 precipitate (gypsum) Calcium nitrate + Phosphates Ca phosphate precipitate Magnesium + di- or monoammonium phosphate Magnesium Phosphate precipitate Ammonium sulfate + KCl or KNO 3 K 2 SO 4 precipitate Phosphorus + iron iron phosphates precipitate Fertilizers mixtures in the tank which reduce the solubility of the mixture due to formation of precipitates 14

15 Compatibility chart for water soluble fertilizers 15 Source: Marwaha-2003

16 Effect of temperature on the uptake of nutrients by plant 16

17 Nitrification NH 4 + nitrification NO 3 - How long it takes? Half life of this process at 25 0 C and Field capacity How long it takes? moisture content is about 1-2 weeks 17

18 Cotton Fertigation schedule Source: BCI-GGRC 18

19 19

20 Conclusion Fertigation scheduling with balance nutrients programme, including all criteria like EC,PH, CEC, soil texture, soil fertility status & crop growth stage, can only maximize the crop yield 20

21 - AN INTRODUCTION Subtitle, date, Presenter s name should be in lowercase THANK YOU

22 Fertigation schedule for cotton (one acre) Basal application SSP Micronutrien FYM (t/a) (kg/a) ts (Kg/a) Targeted Yield t/a Fertigation (kg/acre) DAS DAYS UREA AS MAP- ( ) MOP MgSo4 CaNo3 Micronutrien ts (g/a) Total Fertilizer N P K S Mgo Cao SSP Urea 42 AS MAP 2 12 MOP 75 MgSo4 4 CaNo3 3 5 Total nutrients k/a Fertilizer Type Qty Price Total Categor % of Total Cost Rs (kg) (Rs/kg) cost Rs y cost FYM Basal SSP Basal Basal 56 Micronutrients Basal Urea Traditional AS Traditional Traditio nal MOP Traditional MAP WSF MgSo4 WSF CaNo3 WSF WSF 24 Micronutrients EDTA Total Cost

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