Deterioration of Rat -Liver Mitochondria during Isopycnic Centrifugation in an Isoosmotic Medium
|
|
- Francine French
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Eur. J. Biochem. 51, (1975) Deterioration of Rat -Liver Mitochondria during Isopycnic Centrifugation in an Isoosmotic Medium Michkle COLLOT, Simone WATTIAUX-DE CONINCK, and Robert WATTIAUX Laboratoire de Chimie Physiologique, Facultes Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Namur (Received August 26/0ctober 9, 1974) We have investigated the effect of the centrifugation speed on the behavior of rat-liver mitochondria during isopycnic centrifugation in an isoosmotic medium. The gradient was made with a macromolecular compound, glycogen dissolved in 0.25 M aqueous sucrose. The distribution curves of several mitochondrial enzymes change when the centrifugation reaches a certain speed : they are shifted toward regions of lower density. The results are plausibly explained by supposing that the inner mitochondrial membrane becomes permeable to sucrose at high centrifugation speeds, and that the granules swell. The main causal agent of the phenomenon is the hydrostatic pressure the mitochondria are subjected to during centrifugation. Morphological observations show that mitochondria are markedly deteriorated when centrifuged at high speed in the glycogen gradient; they are swollen and the outer membrane is broken; also frequently, a large electron-dense granule is seen in the matrix near the inner membrane. Rat-liver mitochondria are severely deteriorated when centrifuged in a sucrose gradient under too high a hydrostatic pressure [l]. In such experiments, the mitochondria are constantly exposed to a hypertonic medium that could affect their structure. Therefore, we have investigated whether deterioration of these organelles would also occur when the centrifugation is performed in an isoosmotic medium. We made use of a kind of density gradient like that described by Beaufay et al. [2]; in this gradient, the density variations are ensured by varying the concentration of a macromolecule, glycogen, the solvent being aqueous 0.25 M sucrose. In these conditions, the granules are constantly kept in an isoosmotic medium during the centrifugation. The behavior of the mitochondria has been assessed by establishing the distribution of reference enzymes selected for their different submitochondrial locations as described in our previous papers [I, 3,4]. Enzymes. Ferro cytochrome c : oxygen oxidoreductase or cytochrome oxidase (EC ); amine : oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) (flavin-containing) or monoamine oxidase (EC ); sulfite : oxygen oxidoreductase or sulfite cytochrome c reductase (EC ); L-malate : NAD oxidoreductase or malate dehydrogenase (EC ). MATERIALS AND METHODS Centrifugation Experiments All experiments were performed on the mitochondrial fraction from rat-liver corresponding to the sum of fractions M and L of de Duve et al. [5]. Density gradient centrifugation was carried out according to a method similar to that of Beaufay et al. [2] with the equipment described by de Duve et al. [6]. In all experiments, granule preparations were layered above the gradient. The gradient solutions were made by dissolving glycogen in 0.25 M sucrose, the ph being adjusted near neutrality by addition of NaOH. Some additional experiments details will be given in the legends of the figures. Enzyme Assays Cytochrome oxidase was assayed by the method of Appelmans et al. [7]. Monoamine oxidase was measured by the procedure of Schnaitman et al. [S]. Malate dehydrogenase was assayed spectrophotometrically at 340 nm and 25 "C in a medium containing 25 mm Tris buffer ph 7.4, 0.15 mm NADPH, 0.1 %
2 604 Isopycnic Centrifugation of Rat-Liver Mitochondria Triton X-100 and 0.25 mm oxalacetate. Sulfite cytochrome c reductase was measured following the method of Wattiaux-De Coninck and Wattiaux [9]. Proteins were measured according to Lowry et al. [lo]. Morphological Examinat ions Morphological examinations were performed as previously described according to a procedure similar to that of Baudhuin et al. [ll]. RESULTS Fig. 1 shows the distribution of the four mitochondrial enzymes after isopycnic centrifugation at different speeds in a glycogen gradient with 0.25 M sucrose as solvent. The time integral of the square angular velocity is 144 rad2/ns. After centrifugation at rev./min, the four enzymes are recovered in the bottom subfraction of the gradient. Such a distribution is comparable with the distribution found for cytochrome oxidase by Beaufay et al. [2] in a similar gradient (series B of these authors). At rev./min there are no significant modifications ; on the contrary when the centrifugation speed reaches rev./min the enzyme distributions are strikingly different. Monoamine oxidase (outer membrane), cytochrome oxidase (inner membrane) and malate dehydrogenase (mitochondrial matrix) are chiefly found in the upper part of the gradient. Some activity is still recovered in the bottom subfraction; it is higher for malate dehydrogenase than for membrane enzymes. Sulfite cytochrome c reductase (intermembrane space) is distributed equally amongst the bottom subfraction and the fractions of low density. The distributions observed after centrifugation at and rev./ min resemble those obtained after centrifugation at rev./min. The following experiments describe the free and the total activity of the sulfite cytochrome c reductase and the malate dehydrogenase in the gradient fractions. The free activity is assayed in an isoosmotic medium, without adding Triton X-100 in the incubation mixture. It allows an appraisal of the integrity of the mitochondrial membranes. The centrifugation was performed at and rev./min. As shown by Fig. 2 the distributions of the total activities are different at the two centrifugation speeds as expected from former experiments. The free activity of the enzymes is relatively low when the mitochondrial fraction is centrifuged at rev./min; it is the highest in the bottom subfraction. After centrifugation at rev./min, the free activity of malate dehydrogenase is slightly increased, that of sulfite d 6 0-c? 0, 40- z1 C U 20- E LL Density (g/rni) Fig. 1. Influence of the speed of centrifugation on distribution patterns of mitochondria1 enzymes. Isopycnic centrifugation of a rat-liver mitochondrial fraction in a 4 to 20 % (w/w) glycogen gradient with 0.25 M sucrose in water as solvent. Time integral of the square angular velocity 144 radz/ns. Particles suspended in 0.25 M sucrose were initially layered at the top of the gradient. (A) Centrifugation at rev./min; (B) centrifugation at rev./min; (C) centrifugation at rev./min; (D) centrifugation at rev./min; (E) centrifugation at rev./min in the SW 65 Spinco rotor of the Spinco preparative ultracentrifuge. In plotting the curves we calculated the average frequency of the components for each fraction Q/ZQ. A@, where Q represents the activity found in the fraction, CQ represent the total recovered activity, and represents the increment of density from top to bottom of the fraction. These values were plotted against density in histogram form. Unshaded blocks (0) represent to scale amount present in the bottom subfraction and to facilitate comparison an identical abscissa value has been arbitrarily chosen in all cases. (a) Cytochrome oxidase; (b) monoamine oxidase ; (c) malate dehydrogenase; (d) sulfite cytochrome c reductase (e) proteins cytochrome c reductase is strikingly higher, particularly in the bottom subfraction where the free activity of this enzyme is equal to the total activity. Hydrostatic pressure appears to be the principal cause of the deterioration of mitochondria in a sucrose
3 M. Collot, S. Wattiaux-De Coninck, and R. Wattiaux t t 8 Monoarnine n oxidase - 60 P Malate n dehydrogenase r 60 Sulf ite cytochrome c reductase I J 1.03 I Density (g/rno Fig. 2. Influence of the speed of centrifugation on distribution of free activity of malate dehydrogenase andsulfite cytochrome c reductase. Isopycnic centrifugation of a rat-liver mitochondrial fraction in a 4 to 20% (wiw) glycogen gradient with 0.25 M sucrose in water as solvent. Integral of the square angular velocity: 144 rad2/ns. (A) Centrifugation at rev./min; (B) centrifugation at rev./min in the rotor SW 65 of the Spinco preparative ultracentrifuge. (a) Malate dehydrogenase; (b) sulfite cytochrome c reductase. Hatched area (@) free activity of the enzymes in each fraction, as a percentage of the total activity supposed equal to hundred. For explanations of the graph, see legend of Fig. 1. The free activity of malate dehydrogenase and of sulfite cytochrome c reductase in the mitochondrial preparation before centrifugation was 5.5% and 9% respectively gradient when the centrifugation speed is increased [l]. This factor plays also a determinant role when centrifugation is performed in 0.25 M sucrose as shown by the next experiment. Mitochondria were subjected to the same centrifugal field in a glycogen gradient but under two different hydrostatic pressures. The following experimental procedure was followed. A glycogen gradient of 5 ml was set up in two tubes of the Spinco rotor SW 41, these tubes having a volume of 12 ml. After layering of 0.6 ml of the mitochondrial fraction, one tube (tube A) was cut just above the granule suspension, the second tube (tube B) was filled with 5.4 ml 0.25 M sucrose. Centrifugation was then performed at rev./min during 120 min. In these conditions, the hydrostatic pressure exerted on the bottom of the tube was of about 600 kg/cm I I I ll Density (g/rnl) Fig. 3. Influence of hydrostatic pressure on distribution of mitochondrial enzymes. Isopycnic centrifugation of a rat-liver mitochondrial fraction in a 4 to 20 (w/w) glycogen gradient with 0.25 M sucrose in water as solvent. 0.6 ml of the mitochondrial fraction was layered above a glycogen gradient of 5 ml in two tubes of the Spinco rotor SW 41, (A) and (B). After layering tube (A) was cut just above the granule suspension and tube (B) was filled with 5.4 ml 0.25 M sucrose, centrifugation was then performed at rev./min during 120 min. During that run, the hydrostatic pressure exerted on the bottom of the tube was about 600 kg/cm2 for the tube (A) and 900 kg/cm2 for the tube (B). For explanation of the graph, see legend of Fig. 1 for the tube A and 900 kg/cm2 for the tube B. The effect of hydrostatic pressure is evident (Fig. 3). After centrifugation, in tube A, the mitochondrial enzymes are chiefly recovered at the bottom of the gradient; after centrifugation in tube B, one observes a shift of the distribution toward a region of low density and a certain dissociation between the distribution of sulfite cytochrome c reductase and those of the three other mitochondrial enzymes. The change produced by increasing the hydrostatic pressure at constant centrifugation speeds is similar to that seen when centrifugation speed is raised. In another experi- Eur. J. Biochem. 5f (1975)
4 606 Isopycnic Centrifugation of Rat-Liver Mitochondria ment, the mitochondrial fraction was homogeneously distributed throughout the whole gradient before centrifugation according to Beaufay et al. [2]. Then, a procedure similar to that described in a previous publication [l] was followed. A first centrifugation was performed at rev./min (Spinco rotor SW 65, Jco2 dt = 40 rad2/ns), to eliminate the mitochondria from the upper part of the gradient. Next, the centrifuge was stopped; one of the tubes (tube A) was cut at 45 % of the height of the liquid column and the sucrose-glycogen solution removed ; the second tube (B) remained unchanged. A second run was performed at rev./min, the time integral of the square angular velocity being 144 rad2/ns. Fractions were then collected and analysed. Results were similar to that of the preceding experiment. The mitochondrial enzymes are mainly recovered at the bottom of the gradient in tube A and in the upper part of the gradient in tube B. Electron micrographs were taken of the mitochondria before and after centrifugation at and rev./min in a glycogen gradient with 0.25 M sucrose as solvent. Fig. 4 shows the morphological aspect of the preparation. Mitochondria suspended in 0.25 M sucrose are mostly in a condensed form with apparently intact double membrane. When glycogen is present in the suspension medium, more swollen mitochondria are apparent in the preparation. After centrifugation at rev./min, the major part of the mitochondria are swollen; after centrifugation at rev./min, all the mitochondria seem strikingly enlarged and their outer membrane is broken. A dark body is apparent in the granule matrix, frequently near the inner membrane. DISCUSSION Our results show that the distribution of mitochondrial enzymes after isopycnic centrifugation in an isoosmotic medium, depends on the speed of centrifugation. The distribution of the major part of cytochrome oxidase (inner membrane), monoamine oxidase (outer membrane) and malate dehydrogenase (matrix) is markedly shifted toward the regions of low density when the centrifugation speed becomes too high. The same phenomenon occurs for sulfite cytochrome c reductase (intermembrane space), however, a large amount of the enzyme is still recovered at the bottom of the gradient where the mitochondria are located after centrifugation at rev./min. It is generally admitted that the mitochondrial outer membrane is permeable to sucrose in vitro, therefore our results are best explained by supposing that at high centrifugation speeds, the mitochondrial inner membrane becomes permeable to sucrose and consequently the granules accumulate water and swell ; as the macromolecule glycogen cannot pass through the mitochondrial membrane, the density of the mitochondria becomes lower than that of the medium and the organelles migrate to equilibrate in a zone of lower density in the gradient. The swelling of the mitochondria disrupts to some extent the outer membrane and causes a release of the intermembrane space components in the medium already before the granules go to their new equilibrium density. The large increase of sulfite cytochrome c reductase free activity observed after centrifugation at rev./min is in good agreement with this interpretation; it shows that the outer mitochondrial membrane is considerably damaged at that centrifugation speed. The free activity of malate dehydrogenase appears to be less increased in these conditions. This does not disagree with our hypothesis that the inner mitochondrial membrane becomes more permeable to sucrose when the centrifugation speed is too high. Indeed it is possible that the increase of permeability is not sufficient to allow NADH to have a free access to malate dehydrogenase inside the mitochondrial matrix. As in the sucrose gradient experiments, the hydrostatic pressure seems to be the main causal agent of the deterioration of mitochondria when the centrifugation speed is increased. However, when the centrifugation is performed in a sucrose gradient, the mitochondria not only swell but become leaky in respect of their macromolecular components when the hydrostatic pressure is high enough [l]. The latter phenomenon is not apparent during centrifugation in a glycogen gradient. This difference may possibly result from the fact that in a glycogen gradient with Fig. 4. Pellicle of a mitochondrial fraction cut perpendicular to its suvface. (A) Mitochondria1 fraction in 0.25 M sucrose; the main components are intact mitochondria in a condensed form; (B) 0.6 ml of a mitochondrial fraction isolated in 0.25 M sucrose is added to a 5 ml glycogen gradient (4 to 20% w/w) with 0.25 M sucrose as solvent; then the content of the tube is carefully mixed and an aliquot of the homogeneous suspension taken for examination. The main components are intact mitochondria but swollen granules seem more frequent that in (A) ; (C) mitochondrial fraction after centrifugation at rev./min at 0 "C, in a glycogen gradient (4 to 20% w/w) with 0.25 M sucrose as solvent. Time integral of the square angular velocity: 144 rad2/ns, Spinco rotor SW 65. Generally, the matrix content of the mitochondria is less dense, the intracristae space more shrunken ; numerous granules are swollen and the outer membrane broken; (D) mitochondrial fraction after centrifugation like in (C) but at rev./min. Mitochondria are markedly altered; they are swollen, the matrix content is clear; a large granule (+) is frequently seen inside the matrix, near the inner membrane; the outer membrane is broken
5 M. Collot, S. Wattiaux-De Coninck, and R. Wattiaux 607 Fig. 4
6 608 M. Collot, S. Wattiaux-De Coninck, and R. Wattiaux : Isopycnic Centrifugation of Rat-Liver Mitochondria 0.25 M sucrose as solvent, the swelling of the granules caused by a permeation of the inner membrane to sucrose decreases their equilibrium density; as a result the granules go to equilibrate in a region subjected to a lower hydrostatic pressure after swelling. On the contrary, in a sucrose gradient, the mitochondria made more permeable to sucrose become denser and therefore migrate to a region subjected to a higher hydrostatic pressure. Morphological examinations show that after centrifugation at rev./min the mitochondria are deeply altered; as is expected from the biochemical results, most are very swollen and have their outer membrane broken. Until now, we do not know the significance of the dense bodies frequently seen in the matrix of these mitochondria. They have also been observed when mitochondria were subjected to highspeed pelleting in 0.25 M sucrose [12]. It is probable that they are caused by the hydrostatic pressure exerted on the granules during centrifugation, Indeed, they are observed when mitochondria are subjected to a high hydrostatic pressure in a hydraulic press [13]; recently, Morton et al. [14] have shown that a large matrix granule of nm diameter is apparent in most mitochondria of sheep-liver fragments submitted to a hydrostatic pressure of 1000 kg/cm2 during 60 min. This work was supported by the Fonds National de la Recherche ScientiJique. The authors wish to thank Mrs M. J. Dehasse, Miss N. Henry and Mr J. Cpllet for their skilful technical assistance. REFERENCES 1. Wattiaux, R., Wattiaux-De Coninck, S. & Ronveaux- Dupal, M. F. (1971) Eur. J. Biochem. 22, Beaufay, H., Jacques, P., Baudhuin, P., Sellinger, 0. Z., Berthet, J. & de Duve C. (1964) Biochem. J. 92, Wattiaux, R. & Wattiaux-De Coninck, S. (1970) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 40, Wattiaux-De Coninck, S., Ronveaux-Dupal, M. F., Dubois, F & Wattiaux, R. (1973) Eur. J. Biochem. 39, de Duve, C., Pressman, B. C., Gianetto, R., Wattiaux, R. & Appelmans, F. (1955) Biochem. J. 60, de Duve, C., Berthet, J. & Beaufay, H. (1959) Prog. Biophys. Chem. 9, Appelmans, F., Wattiaux, R. & de Duve, C. (1955) Biochern. J. 59, Schnaitman, C., Erwin, V. G. & Greenawalt, J. W. (1967) J. Cell Biol. 32, Wattiaux-De Coninck, S. & Wattiaux, R. (1971) Eur. J. Biochem. 19, Lowry, 0. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. & Randall, R. J. (1951) J. Biol. Chem. 193, Baudhuin, P., Evrard, P. & Berthet, J. (1967) J. Cell Biol. 32, Ronveaux-Dupal, M. F., Collot, M., Wattiaux-De Coninck, S. & Wattiaux, R. (1972) Arch. Int. Physiol. Biochim. 80, Beaufay, H. (1973) Spectra, 4, Morton, D. J., Rowe, R. W. D. & MacFarlane, J. J. (1973) J. Bioenerg. 4, M. Collot, S. Wattiaux-De Coninck, and R. Wattiaux, Laboratoire de Chimie Physiologique, Facultes Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
A rapid procedure for the isolation of lysosomes from kidney cortex by Percoll density gradient centrifugation
J. Biosci., Vol. 14, Number 3, September 1989, pp. 269-277. Printed in India. A rapid procedure for the isolation of lysosomes from kidney cortex by Percoll density gradient centrifugation P. HARIKUMAR,
More informationBIOENERGETICS. 1. Detection of succinate dehydrogenase activity in liver homogenate using artificial electron acceptors.
BIOENERGETICS Problems to be prepared: 1. Methods of enzymes activity assessment, the role of artificial electron acceptors and donors. 2. Reactions catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase,
More informationTRANSPORT OF AMINO ACIDS IN INTACT 3T3 AND SV3T3 CELLS. Binding Activity for Leucine in Membrane Preparations of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells
Journal of Supramolecular Structure 4:441 (401)-447 (407) (1976) TRANSPORT OF AMINO ACIDS IN INTACT 3T3 AND SV3T3 CELLS. Binding Activity for Leucine in Membrane Preparations of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells
More informationThe Effect of Triton X-100 on the Respiratory Chain Enzymes
Eur..J. Biochem. 14 (1970) 70-74 The Effect of Triton X-100 on the Respiratory Chain Enzymes of a Heart -Muscle Preparation Dorota SOCTYSIAK and Zbigniew KANIUGA lnstytut Biochemii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego,
More informationTHE ISOLATION OF LYSOSOMES FROM EHRLICH ASCITES TUMOR CELLS FOLLOWING PRETREATMENT OF MICE WITH TRITON WR-1339
THE ISOLATION OF LYSOSOMES FROM EHRLICH ASCITES TUMOR CELLS FOLLOWING PRETREATMENT OF MICE WITH TRITON WR-1339 AGNES HORVAT, JANE BAXANDALL, and OSCAR TOUSTER From the Department of Molecular Biology,
More informationnote on methodology I
note on methodology I isolated per tube, and the preparation is very dilute and needs to be concentrated. We present here some modifications to this method in order to prepare large volumes of concentrated
More informationOCCURRENCE OF HYDROGENOSOMES IN THE RUMEN CILIATE!3 OPHRYOSCOLECIDAE
OCCURRENCE OF HYDROGENOSOMES IN THE RUMEN CILIATE!3 OPHRYOSCOLECIDAE Luc SNYERS, Philippe HELLINGS*, Claire BOVY-KESLER and Denyse THINES-SEMPOUX Luboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire and *Laboratoire de
More informationUser s Manual and Instructions
User s Manual and Instructions Mitochondria Activity Assay (Cytochrome C Oxidase Activity Assay) Kit Catalog Number: KC310100 Introduction Mitochondria are the eukaryotic subcellular organelles that contain
More informationLaboratory 8 Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity in Cauliflower Mitochondria
BIO354: Cell Biology Laboratory 1 I. Introduction Laboratory 8 Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity in Cauliflower Mitochondria In eukaryotic cells, specific functions are localized to different types of organelles.
More informationFRACTIONATION OF ISOLATED LIVER CELLS AFTER DISRUPTION WITH A NITROGEN BOMB AND SONICATION
J. Cell Sri. 57, -3 (982) Printed in Great Britain Company of Biologists Limited 982 FRACTIONATION OF ISOLATED LIVER CELLS AFTER DISRUPTION WITH A NITROGEN BOMB AND SONICATION F. AUTUORI, U. BRUNK, E.
More informationBiochemistry: A Short Course
Tymoczko Berg Stryer Biochemistry: A Short Course Second Edition CHAPTER 20 The Electron-Transport Chain 2013 W. H. Freeman and Company Chapter 20 Outline Oxidative phosphorylation captures the energy
More information2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 What is the fate of Pyruvate? Stages of Cellular Respiration GLYCOLYSIS PYRUVATE OX. KREBS CYCLE ETC 2 The Krebs Cycle does your head suddenly hurt? 3 The Krebs Cycle An Overview
More informationMitochondria Isolation Kit for Tissue
ab110168 Mitochondria Isolation Kit for Tissue Instructions for Use For mitochondria isolations from mammalian tissue samples This product is for research use only and is not intended for diagnostic use.
More informationBIOL 347L Laboratory Three
Introduction BIOL 347L Laboratory Three Osmosis in potato and carrot samples Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration,
More informationLysosomes and Fas-mediated liver cell death
Biochem. J. (2007) 403, 89 95 (Printed in Great Britain) doi:10.1042/bj20061738 89 Lysosomes and Fas-mediated liver cell death Robert WATTIAUX 1, Simone WATTIAUX-DE CONINCK, Jacqueline THIRION, Mańe-Christine
More informationCARL SCHNAITMAN, V. GENE ERWIN, and JOHN W. GREENAWALT
THE SUBMITOCHONDRIAL LOCALIZATION OF MONOAMINE OXIDASE An Enzymatic Marker for the Outer Membrane of Rat Liver Mitochondria CARL SCHNAITMAN, V. GENE ERWIN, and JOHN W. GREENAWALT From the Department of
More informationThreonine Aldolase and Allothreonine Aldolase in Rat Liver
European J. Biochem. 8 (1969) 88-92 Threonine Aldolase and Allothreonine Aldolase in Rat Liver G. RIARIO-SFORZA, R. PAGANI, and E. MARINELLO Istituto di Chimica Biologica, UniversitA di Siena (Received
More informationDistribution of the head-activating substance in hydra and its localization in membranous particles in nerve cells
/. Embryol. exp. Morph. Vol. 29, 1, pp. 39-52, 1973 39 Printed in Great Britain Distribution of the head-activating substance in hydra and its localization in membranous particles in nerve cells By H.
More informationLAB 04 Diffusion and Osmosis
LAB 04 Diffusion and Osmosis Objectives: Describe the physical mechanisms of diffusion and osmosis. Understand the relationship between surface area and rate of diffusion. Describe how molar concentration
More informationIsolation and characterization of peroxisomes from the liver of normal untreated rats
Eur. J. Biochem. 149, 257-265 (1985) 0 FEBS 1985 Isolation and characterization of peroxisomes from the liver of normal untreated rats Alfred VOLKL and H. Dariush FAHIMI Department of Anatomy, 11. Division,
More informationTHE ENZYMATIC PREPARATION OF ISOLATED INTACT PARENCHYMAL CELLS FROM RAT LIVER
Published Online: 1 December, 1967 Supp Info: http://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.35.3.675 Downloaded from jcb.rupress.org on November 18, 2018 THE ENZYMATIC PREPARATION OF ISOLATED INTACT PARENCHYMAL CELLS FROM
More informationPapers and notes on methodology
Papers and notes on methodology Fluorometric assay for rat liver peroxisomal fatty acyl-coenzyme A oxidase activity Mbaga Walusimbi-Kisitu and Earl H. Harrison' Department of Biological Chemistry, Wright
More informationFall Name Student ID
Name Student ID PART 1: Matching. Match the organelle to its function (11 points) 1.Proton motive force 2. Fluid Mosiac 3. Oxidative Phosphorylation 4. Pyruvate dehydrogenase 5. Electrochemical Force 6.
More informationSupramolecular assemblies from lysosomal matrix proteins and complex lipids
Eur. J. Biochem. 249, 862-869 (1997) FEBS 1997 Supramolecular assemblies from lysosomal matrix proteins and complex lipids Michel JADOT, FranL DUBOIS, Simone WATTIAUX-DE CONINCK and Robert WATTIAUX Laboratoire
More informationPMT. Contains ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Genetic material consists of linear chromosomes. Diameter of the cell is 1 µm
1. (a) Complete each box in the table, which compares a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell, with a tick if the statement is correct or a cross if it is incorrect. Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell Contains
More information1. endoplasmic reticulum This is the location where N-linked oligosaccharide is initially synthesized and attached to glycoproteins.
Biology 4410 Name Spring 2006 Exam 2 A. Multiple Choice, 2 pt each Pick the best choice from the list of choices, and write it in the space provided. Some choices may be used more than once, and other
More informationENZYMATIC PROPERTIES OF THE INNER AND OUTER MEMBRANES OF RAT LIVER MITOCHONDRIA. CARL SCHNAITMAN and JOHN W. GREENAWALT
Published Online: 1 July, 1968 Supp Info: http://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.38.1.158 Downloaded from jcb.rupress.org on September 28, 2018 ENZYMATIC PROPERTIES OF THE INNER AND OUTER MEMBRANES OF RAT LIVER MITOCHONDRIA
More informationTEMPORARY INHIBITION OF TRYPSIN*
TEMPORARY INHIBITION OF TRYPSIN* BY M. LASKOWSKI AND FENG CHI WU (From the Department oj Biochemistry, Marquette University School of Medicine, Milwaukee, Wisconsin) (Received for publication, April 30,
More informationWork-flow: protein sample preparation Precipitation methods Removal of interfering substances Specific examples:
Dr. Sanjeeva Srivastava IIT Bombay Work-flow: protein sample preparation Precipitation methods Removal of interfering substances Specific examples: Sample preparation for serum proteome analysis Sample
More informationCellular Respiration Stage 2 & 3. Glycolysis is only the start. Cellular respiration. Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle.
Cellular Respiration Stage 2 & 3 Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle AP 2006-2007 Biology Glycolysis is only the start Glycolysis glucose pyruvate 6C 2x 3C Pyruvate has more energy to yield 3 more C to strip
More informationBIOL 305L Spring 2019 Laboratory Six
Please print Full name clearly: BIOL 305L Spring 2019 Laboratory Six Osmosis in potato and carrot samples Introduction Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
More informationChapter 8 Mitochondria and Cellular Respiration
Chapter 8 Mitochondria and Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is the process of oxidizing food molecules, like glucose, to carbon dioxide and water. The energy released is trapped in the form of
More informationChapter 14 - Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
Chapter 14 - Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation The cheetah, whose capacity for aerobic metabolism makes it one of the fastest animals Prentice Hall c2002 Chapter 14 1 14.4 Oxidative Phosphorylation
More informationMETABOLISM OF DRUGS BY SUBFRACTIONS OF HEPATIC MICROSOMES FROM PROLONGED ETHANOL-TREATED RATS
METABOLISM OF DRUGS BY SUBFRACTIONS OF HEPATIC MICROSOMES FROM PROLONGED ETHANOL-TREATED RATS Suehiro NAKANISHI, Go KINOSHITA, Eiko SHIOHARA and Miyoko TSUKADA Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine,
More informationActivation of Mitochondrial Glycerol 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase by Cadmium Ions
Gen. Physiol. Biophys. (1985), 4, 29 34 29 Activation of Mitochondrial Glycerol 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase by Cadmium Ions H. RAUCHOVÁ, P. P. KAUL* and Z. DRAHOTA Institute of Physiology, Czechoslovak Academy
More informationMitochondria and ATP Synthesis
Mitochondria and ATP Synthesis Mitochondria and ATP Synthesis 1. Mitochondria are sites of ATP synthesis in cells. 2. ATP is used to do work; i.e. ATP is an energy source. 3. ATP hydrolysis releases energy
More informationCell Boundaries Section 7-3
Cell Boundaries Section 7-3 The most important parts of a cell are its borders, which separate the cell from its surroundings. The cell membrane is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells. The
More informationParticipation of Endogenous Fatty Acids in Ca 2+ Release Activation from Mitochondria
Gen. Physiol. Biophys. (1985), 4, 549 556 549 Participation of Endogenous Fatty Acids in Ca 2+ Release Activation from Mitochondria B. I. MEDVEDEV, E. P. SEVERINA, V. G. GOGVADZE, E. A. CHUKHLOVA and Yu.
More informationBIO16 Mapua Institute of Technology
BIO16 Mapua Institute of Technology The Marathon If somebody challenged you to a run a race, how should you prepare to win? 1. Practice 2. Eat the right foods 3. Drink the right liquids Energy All living
More information1. This is the location where N-linked oligosaccharide is initially synthesized and attached to glycoproteins.
Biology 4410 Name Spring 2006 Exam 2 A. Multiple Choice, 2 pt each Pick the best choice from the list of choices, and write it in the space provided. Some choices may be used more than once, and other
More information20X Buffer (Tube1) 96-well microplate (12 strips) 1
PROTOCOL MitoProfile Rapid Microplate Assay Kit for PDH Activity and Quantity (Combines Kit MSP18 & MSP19) 1850 Millrace Drive, Suite 3A Eugene, Oregon 97403 MSP20 Rev.1 DESCRIPTION MitoProfile Rapid Microplate
More informationPreparation and Ultrastructure of the Outer Coats
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, June 1969, p. 1335-1341 Copyright 1969 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 98, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. Preparation and Ultrastructure of the Outer Coats of Azotobacter vinelandii
More informationChapter 5 MITOCHONDRIA AND RESPIRATION 5-1
Chapter 5 MITOCHONDRIA AND RESPIRATION All organisms must transform energy. This energy is required to maintain a dynamic steady state, homeostasis, and to insure continued survival. As will be discussed
More informationVocabulary. Chapter 20: Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
Vocabulary ATP Synthase: the enzyme responsible for production of ATP in mitochondria Chemiosmotic Coupling: the mechanism for coupling electron transport to oxidative phosphorylation; it requires a proton
More informationCh. 9 Cell Respiration. Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53)
Ch. 9 Cell Respiration Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53) Essential question: How do cells use stored chemical energy in organic molecules and to generate ATP? Title: Oct 15 3:28 PM (2 of 53) Title: Oct 19
More informationElectron Transport and Oxidative. Phosphorylation
Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation Electron-transport chain electron- Definition: The set of proteins and small molecules involved in the orderly sequence of transfer to oxygen within the
More informationMICROCYSTS OF MYXOCOCCUS XANTHUS
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY Vol. 87, No. 2, p. 316-322 February, 1964 Copyright 1964 by the American Society for Microbiology Printed in U.S.A. ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN VEGETATIVE CELLS AND MICROCYSTS
More informationBiol110L-Cell Biology Lab Spring Quarter 2012 Module 1-4 Friday April 13, 2012 (Start promptly; work fast; the protocols take ~4 h)
Biol110L-Cell Biology Lab Spring Quarter 2012 Module 1-4 Friday April 13, 2012 (Start promptly; work fast; the protocols take ~4 h) A. Microscopic Examination of the Plasma Membrane and Its Properties
More informationChapter 14. Energy conversion: Energy & Behavior
Chapter 14 Energy conversion: Energy & Behavior Why do you Eat and Breath? To generate ATP Foods, Oxygen, and Mitochodria Cells Obtain Energy by the Oxidation of Organic Molecules Food making ATP making
More informationI mutants accumulate pyruvate when growing in the presence of isoleucine and
THE iv-3 MUTANTS OF NEUROSPORA CRASSA 11. ACTIVITY OF ACETOHYDROXY ACID SYNTHETASE DINA F. CAROLINE, ROY W. HARDINGZ, HOMARE KUWANA3, T. SATYANARAYANA AND R.P. WAGNER4 Genetics Foundation, The University
More informationOxidative phosphorylation & Photophosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation & Photophosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation is the last step in the formation of energy-yielding metabolism in aerobic organisms. All oxidative steps in the degradation of
More informationSlide 2 of 47. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall. End Show
2 of 47 7-3 Cell Boundaries All cells are surrounded by a thin, flexible barrier known as the cell membrane. Many cells also produce a strong supporting layer around the membrane known as a cell wall.
More information10/25/2010 CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION. Life is Work. Types of cellular respiration. Catabolic pathways = oxidizing fuels
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION Life is Work Living cells require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks: Chemical work Transport work Mechanical work Energy stored in the
More information4. Which step shows a split of one molecule into two smaller molecules? a. 2. d. 5
1. Which of the following statements about NAD + is false? a. NAD + is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. b. NAD + has more chemical energy than NADH. c. NAD + is reduced
More informationIntra- and Extramitochondrial Isozymes of (NADP) Malate Dehydrogenase
Eur. J. Biochem. 19 (1971) 546-551 Intra- and Extramitochondrial Isozymes of (NADP) Malate Dehydrogenase Dieter BRDICZKA and Dirk PETTE Fachbereich Biologie der Universitiit Konstanz (Received December
More information1. How many fatty acid molecules combine with a glycerol to form a phospholipid molecule? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Topic 3: Movement of substances across cell membrane 1. How many fatty acid molecules combine with a glycerol to form a phospholipid molecule? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Directions: Questions 2 and 3 refer to
More informationA molecule that can pass though the cell membrane.
Cell Membrane All cells and most organelles are surrounded by a protective barrier known as the cell membrane, aka the plasma membrane. Section of a cell membrane It is mostly made of phospholipids (fats).
More informationElectron transport chain chapter 6 (page 73) BCH 340 lecture 6
Electron transport chain chapter 6 (page 73) BCH 340 lecture 6 The Metabolic Pathway of Cellular Respiration All of the reactions involved in cellular respiration can be grouped into three main stages
More informationDistribution of Ribosomes in Hypophysectomized Rat Liver. An Improved Method for the Determination of Free and Membrane-bound Ribosomes
Agr. Biol. Chem., 37 (2), 219 `224, 1973 Distribution of Ribosomes in Hypophysectomized Rat Liver An Improved Method for the Determination of Free and Membrane-bound Ribosomes Masamichi TAKAGI, Tadashi
More informationab Cell Invasion Assay (Basement Membrane), 24-well, 8 µm
Version 1 Last updated 29 June 2018 ab235882 Cell Invasion Assay (Basement Membrane), 24-well, 8 µm For the measurement of cell invasion in response to stimuli. This product is for research use only and
More information3.7.1 Define cell respiration [Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP]
3.7 Cell respiration ( Chapter 9 in Campbell's book) 3.7.1 Define cell respiration [Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP] Organic compounds store
More informationALAIN AMAR-COSTESEC, HENRI BEAUFAY, MAURICE WIBO, DENISE THIN~;S-SEMPOUX, ERNEST FEYTMANS, MARIETTE ROBBI, and JACQUES BERTHET
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF MICROSOMES AND ISOLATED SUBCELLULAR MEMBRANES FROM RAT LIVER II. Preparation and Composition of the Microsomal Fraction ALAIN AMAR-COSTESEC, HENRI BEAUFAY, MAURICE WIBO, DENISE THIN~;S-SEMPOUX,
More informationISOLATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE OF KB CELLS
ISOLATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE OF KB CELLS F. C. CHARALAMPOUS, N. K. GONATAS, and A. D. MELBOURNE From the Departments of Biochemistry and Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School
More informationPlasma Membrane Protein Extraction Kit
ab65400 Plasma Membrane Protein Extraction Kit Instructions for Use For the rapid and sensitive extraction and purification of Plasma Membrane proteins from cultured cells and tissue samples. This product
More informationAlanine Aminotransferase Activity in Human Liver Mitochondria
Gen. Physiol. Biophys. (1983), 2, 51 56 51 Alanine Aminotransferase Activity in Human Liver Mitochondria M. RUŠČÁK', J. ORLICKÝ', J. RUŠČÁK' and R. MORA VEC 2 1 Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology,
More informationThis is the first of two chapters that describe respiration in the mitochondria. The word
The Electron-Transport Chain Chapter 20 This is the first of two chapters that describe respiration in the mitochondria. The word respiration can mean breathing, and in fact mitochondrial electron transport
More informationAcid phosphatase activity in the neutral red granules of mouse exocrine pancreas cells
343 Acid phosphatase activity in the neutral red granules of mouse exocrine pancreas cells By JENNIFER M. BYRNE (From the Cytological Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University Museum, Oxford) With
More informationHigher Biology. Unit 2: Metabolism and Survival Topic 2: Respiration. Page 1 of 25
Higher Biology Unit 2: Metabolism and Survival Topic 2: Respiration Page 1 of 25 Sub Topic: Respiration I can state that: All living cells carry out respiration. ATP is the energy currency of the cell
More informationNBCE Mock Board Questions Biochemistry
1. Fluid mosaic describes. A. Tertiary structure of proteins B. Ribosomal subunits C. DNA structure D. Plasma membrane structure NBCE Mock Board Questions Biochemistry 2. Where in the cell does beta oxidation
More informationMeasuring Osmotic Potential
Measuring Osmotic Potential INTRODUCTION All cells require essential materials to ensure their survival. Chemical, physical, and biological processes are used to move these materials inside of cells. Similar
More informationBIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.9 - RESPIRATION.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: REDOX REACTIONS Redox reaction a chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another Oxidation loss of electrons Reduction gain of electrons
More informationAffinity Purification of Photosystem I from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using a Polyhistidine Tag
Affinity Purification of Photosystem I from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using a Polyhistidine Tag Jonathan A. Brain Galina Gulis, Ph.D. 1 Kevin E. Redding, Ph.D. 2 Associate Professor of Chemistry Adjunct
More informationBASIC ENZYMOLOGY 1.1
BASIC ENZYMOLOGY 1.1 1.2 BASIC ENZYMOLOGY INTRODUCTION Enzymes are synthesized by all living organisms including man. These life essential substances accelerate the numerous metabolic reactions upon which
More informationDiffusion, osmosis, transport mechanisms 43
Diffusion, osmosis, transport mechanisms 43 DIFFUSION, OSMOSIS AND TRANSPORT MECHANISMS The cell membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment
More informationIntroduction diffusion osmosis. imbibe Diffusion The Cell Membrane and Osmosis selectively permeable membrane Osmosis 1. Isotonic 2.
Topic 6. Diffusion Introduction: This exercise explores the physical phenomenon of diffusion and osmosis. Osmosis is simply the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. We will also
More informationEXPERIMENT 13: Isolation and Characterization of Erythrocyte
EXPERIMENT 13: Isolation and Characterization of Erythrocyte Day 1: Isolation of Erythrocyte Steps 1 through 6 of the Switzer & Garrity protocol (pages 220-221) have been performed by the TA. We will be
More informationAcid hydrolases of the retinal pigment epithelium. E. R. Berman
Acid hydrolases of the retinal pigment epithelium E. R. Berman Two enymes, P-galactosidase and N-acetyl-fi-glucosaminidase, have been detected in pigment epithelial cells of cattle. The optimum activity
More informationOxidative Phosphorylation
Electron Transport Chain (overview) The NADH and FADH 2, formed during glycolysis, β- oxidation and the TCA cycle, give up their electrons to reduce molecular O 2 to H 2 O. Electron transfer occurs through
More informationBIOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF LYSOSOMES IN THE EPIDERMIS*
ThE JOURNAL OP INVESTIGATiVE DERMATOLOGY Copyright 1966 by The Williams & Wilkins Co. Vol. 47, No. 5 Printed in U.S.A. BIOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF LYSOSOMES IN THE EPIDERMIS* CHARLES H. DICKEN,
More information19 Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation W. H. Freeman and Company
19 Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation 2013 W. H. Freeman and Company CHAPTER 19 Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation Key topics: Electron transport chain in mitochondria Capture
More informationBiochemical Properties of Neoplastic Cell Mitochondria 1,2
Biochemical Properties of Neoplastic Cell Mitochondria 1,2 Michael T. White,3.4 D. V. Arya,5 and K. K. Tewari 4.6 SUMMARY-Mitochondria from monolayer cultures of Novikoff hepatomacells were studiedfor
More informationab65311 Cytochrome c Releasing Apoptosis Assay Kit
ab65311 Cytochrome c Releasing Apoptosis Assay Kit Instructions for Use For the rapid, sensitive and accurate detection of Cytochrome c translocation from Mitochondria into Cytosol during Apoptosis in
More informationHomeostasis, Transport & The Cell Membrane. Chapter 4-2 (pg 73 75) Chapter 5
Homeostasis, Transport & The Cell Membrane Chapter 4-2 (pg 73 75) Chapter 5 Unit 5: Lecture 1 Topic: The Cell Membrane Covers: Chapter 5, pages 95-96 Chapter 4, pages 73-75 The Cell Membrane The chemistry
More informationTHE PREPARATION AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF AVIAN ERYTHROCYTE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE ENCLOSED BY THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
J. Cell Sci. 34, 81-90 (1978) 8l Printed in Great Britain Company of Biologists Limited igj8 THE PREPARATION AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF AVIAN ERYTHROCYTE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE ENCLOSED BY THE PLASMA MEMBRANE JAMES
More informationMitochondrial DNA Isolation Kit
Mitochondrial DNA Isolation Kit Catalog Number KA0895 50 assays Version: 01 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Background... 3 General Information... 4 Materials
More informationFOCUS SubCell. For the Enrichment of Subcellular Fractions. (Cat. # ) think proteins! think G-Biosciences
169PR 01 G-Biosciences 1-800-628-7730 1-314-991-6034 technical@gbiosciences.com A Geno Technology, Inc. (USA) brand name FOCUS SubCell For the Enrichment of Subcellular Fractions (Cat. # 786 260) think
More informationVisit for Videos, Questions and Revision Notes. Describe how acetylcoenzyme A is formed in the link reaction
Q1.(a) Describe how acetylcoenzyme A is formed in the link reaction. (b) In the Krebs cycle, acetylcoenzyme A combines with four-carbon oxaloacetate to form six-carbon citrate. This reaction is catalysed
More informationENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM MEMBRANE ISOLATED FROM SMALL-INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL CELLS: ENZYME AND PROTEIN COMPONENTS
J. Cell Sci. 5a, 215-222 (1981) 21 c Printed in Great Britain Company of Biologist! Limited 1981 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM MEMBRANE ISOLATED FROM SMALL-INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL CELLS: ENZYME AND PROTEIN COMPONENTS
More informationCampbell's Biology: Concepts and Connections, 7e (Reece et al.) Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy. 6.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
Campbell's Biology: Concepts and Connections, 7e (Reece et al.) Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy 6.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis and
More information(Received for publication 3 February 1958)
187 J. Physiol. (1958) I42, I87-I96 INTRACELLULAR DISTRIBUTIONS OF ACETYLCHOLINE AND CHOLINE ACETYLASE By CATHERINE 0. HEBB AND V. P. WHITTAKER From the A.R.C. Institute of Animal Physiology, Babraham,
More informationSupporting information
Supporting information Figure legends Supplementary Table 1. Specific product ions obtained from fragmentation of lithium adducts in the positive ion mode comparing the different positional isomers of
More informationBIOCHEMISTRY and MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL Pages 48]-486
Vol. 41, No. 3, March 1997 BIOCHEMISTRY and MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL Pages 48]-486 INACTIVATION OF ACONITASE IN YEAST EXPOSED TO OXIDATIVE STRESS Keiko Murakami and Masataka Yoshino* Department
More informationA) Choose the correct answer: 1) Reduction of a substance can mostly occur in the living cells by:
Code: 1 1) Reduction of a substance can mostly occur in the living cells by: (a) Addition of oxygen (b) Removal of electrons (c) Addition of electrons (d) Addition of hydrogen 2) Starting with succinate
More informationMarah Bitar. Faisal Nimri ... Nafeth Abu Tarboosh
8 Marah Bitar Faisal Nimri... Nafeth Abu Tarboosh Summary of the 8 steps of citric acid cycle Step 1. Acetyl CoA joins with a four-carbon molecule, oxaloacetate, releasing the CoA group and forming a six-carbon
More informationEnzymes and Metabolism
PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, University of Kentucky Enzymes and Metabolism Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition Elaine N. Marieb 1 Protein Macromolecules composed of combinations
More informationSuperoxide Dismutase Assay Kit
Superoxide Dismutase Assay Kit Catalog Number KA3782 100 assays Version: 02 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background... 3 General Information...
More informationATTACHMENT OF RIBOSOMES TO MEMBRANES DURING POLYSOME FORMATION IN MOUSE SARCOMA 180 CELLS
Published Online: 1 June, 1971 Supp Info: http://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.49.3.683 Downloaded from jcb.rupress.org on November 2, 2018 ATTACHMENT OF RIBOSOMES TO MEMBRANES DURING POLYSOME FORMATION IN MOUSE
More informationElectron Transport and oxidative phosphorylation (ATP Synthesis) Dr. Howaida Nounou Biochemistry department Sciences college
Electron Transport and oxidative phosphorylation (ATP Synthesis) Dr. Howaida Nounou Biochemistry department Sciences college The Metabolic Pathway of Cellular Respiration All of the reactions involved
More informationMTS assay in A549 cells
Project: VIGO MTS assay in A549 cells Detection of cell viability/activity AUTHORED BY: DATE: Cordula Hirsch 20.01.2014 REVIEWED BY: DATE: Harald Krug 10.04.2014 APPROVED BY: DATE: DOCUMENT HISTORY Effective
More informationMovement of substances across the cell membrane
Ch 4 Movement of substances across the cell membrane Think about (Ch 4, p.2) 1. The structure of the cell membrane can be explained by the fluid mosaic model. It describes that the cell membrane is mainly
More information