University Of Jordan Faculty of Pharmacy
|
|
- Corey Brown
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD PharmD University of Jordan Faculty of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Microbiology (1) Dr. Randa Haddadin PharmD- 2 nd Semester 2013 University Of Jordan Faculty of Pharmacy Sheet: 11 Subject: Ch11 PharmD : Doctor: Randa Haddadin
2 P arasite is an organism that lives at the expense of another organism called the host. Parasites vary in the degree of damage they inflict on their hosts. Although some cause little harm, others cause moderate to severe damage. Parasites that cause disease are called pathogens. Parasitology is the study of. Many of these are microscopic throughout their life cycle or at some stage of it. Historically, in the development of the science of biology, parasitology came to refer to the study of protozoa, helminths, and arthropods that live at the expense of other organisms. We will use the term parasite to refer to these organisms. The significance of parasitism : 1.there are more parasitic infections than there are living humans. 2.Parasites play an important, though negative, role in the worldwide economy. For example, less than half the world s cultivable land is under cultivation, primarily because endemic to (always present in) those lands prevent humans and domesticated animals from inhabiting some of them. 3.parasitic infections in wild and domestic animals provide sources of human infection and cause debilitation and death among the animals, thus preventing the raising of cattle and other animals for food. Parasites in relation to their hosts : Ecto live on the surface of other organisms such as ticks and lice Endo Obligate Facultative live within the bodies of other organisms (most )They must spend at least some of their life cycle in or on a host. ( few ) They normally are free-living. such as some protozoa and worms the protozoan that causes malaria invades red blood cells soil fungi Parasites are also categorized according to the duration of their association with their hosts: Permanent Temporary Accidental remain in or on a host once they have invaded it. feed on or in and then leave their hosts. invade an organism other than their normal host. The problem of : such as tapeworms. such asmany biting insects. Ticks that ordinarily attach to dogs or to wild animals sometimes attach to humans. Hosts that are invaded by usually lack effective defenses against them, so such diseases can be serious and sometimes fatal. pg. 1
3 Hyper-parasitism refers to a parasite itself having. Some mosquitoes, which are temporary, harbor the malaria parasite or other. Such insects serve as vectors, or agents of transmission, of many human parasitic diseases. A vector is an organism that transfers a parasite to a new host. There are two types of vectors : 1.biological vector, in which the parasite goes through part of its life cycle, the malaria mosquito is both a host and a biological vector. 2.Mechanical vector, is a vector in which the parasite does not got through any part of its life cycle during transit, Flies that carry parasite eggs, bacteria, or viruses from feces to human food. Life cycle of malaria : Inside the mosquito we have the plasmodium which will transfer to human by bite and then the journey of malaria will start in human body : Blood liver enter the circulation change the shape of the red blood cell lead to an explosion of the cells will cause disorder in human temperature, and expose of plasmodium will occur. Asexual production will occur inside the human which will produce 2 gametocytes ( male and female ), when mosquito ingest the parasite during blood feeding the gametocytes will transfer to it and then sexual production will occur inside mosquito, this will lead to dieses transfer ( when bite another human ). Classification of host : 1.Definitive hosts, if they harbor a parasite while it reproduces sexually. 2.Intermediate hosts, if they harbor the parasite during some other developmental stages. The mosquito is the definitive host for the malaria parasite because that parasite reproduces sexually in the mosquito; the human is an intermediate host, even though humans suffer greater damagefrom the parasite. 3.Reservoir hosts are infected organisms that make available for transmission to other hosts. Reservoir hosts for human parasitic diseases typically are wild or domestic animals. Host specificity refers to the range of different hosts in which a parasite can mature. Some are quite host specific they mature in only one host. Many have one or more of the following mechanisms for evading (escape) host defense mechanisms: pg. 2 1.Encystment, the formation of an outer covering which help in : protects against unfavorable environmental conditions.
4 provide a site for internal reorganization of the organism and cell division. help attach a parasite to a host, or serve to transmit a parasite from one host to another. 2.Changing the parasite s surface antigens. 3.Causing the host s immune system to make antibodies that cannot react with the parasite s antigens. 4.Invading host cells, where the are out of reach of host defense mechanisms. This will cause some damage such as : Some take such a large share of nutrients or damage so much surface area of the host s intestines that the host receives too little nourishment. Many cause significant trauma to host tissues. They cause open sores on the skin, destroy cells in tissues and organs, clog and damage blood vessels. trigger severe inflammatory and immunological reactions. Protists : Characteristics of protists : members of the kingdom Protista, are a diverse assortment of organisms that share certain common characteristics. Protists are unicellular (though sometimes colonial), eukaryotic organisms with cells that have true nuclei and membrane-enclosed organelles. Classification of protists : 1.the plant like protists. 2.the animal like protists,(primary animal). 3.The fungus like protists. We will concern about animal like protist. The animal like protest (protozoa) : pg. 3 Are heterotrophic, mostly unicellular organisms. Most are free-living. Some are commensals, which live in or on other organisms without harming them, and a few are. We have four groups for protozoa to study : Mastigophora, Amebozoa, Apicomplexans, Ciliates 1.Mastigophora : They have flagella (mobile), Mastigophorans that parasitize humans include members of the genera Trypanosoma, Leishmania,Giardia, and Trichomona. Trypanosomes cause African sleeping sickness, leishmanias cause skin lesions or systemic disease with fever, giardias cause diarrhea, and trichomonads cause vaginal inflammation. 2.Amebozoa : move by means of pseudopodia(mobile).dientamoeba fragilis, which is unusual in that it has two nuclei and does not form cysts, is found in the large intestine. Although usually considered a commensal, it can cause chronic, mild diarrhea. 3.Apicomplexans : Enzymes present in groups (complexes) of organelles at the tips (apices)of their cells digest their way into host cells, giving the group the name Apicomplexans, so they are immobile. An important example is the life cycle of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium, which requires both a human and a mosquito host. Another apicomplexan, Toxoplasma gondii, causes lymphatic infections and blindness in adults and severe neurological damage to the fetuses of infected pregnant women. Contact with infected domestic cats and their feces, consumption of contaminated raw 1 meat, and failure to wash one s hands after handling such meat are means of transmitting the parasite. اللحم الني 1
5 4.Ciliates : Largest group of protozoas. have cilia over most of their surfaces (mobile).the most important one for us to study is the Balantidium coli, the only ciliate thatparasitizes humans, causes dysentery. fungi : characteristic of fungi : They are a diverse group of heterotrophs. The body of a fungus is called a thallus. The thallus of most multicellular fungi consists of a mycelium a loosely organized mass of threadlike structures called hyphae 2. mycelium is embedded in decaying organic matter, soil, or the tissue of a living organism. Mycelial cells release enzymes that digest the substratum (the surface on which the fungus grows) and absorb small nutrient molecules. The cell walls of a few fungi contain cellulose, but those of most fungi contain chitin (polysaccharide). All fungi have lysosomal enzymes that digest damaged cells and help parasitic fungi to invade تركيب يشبه الخيوط 2 pg. 4 hosts. Many fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually. Fungi are never obligate because all fungi can obtain nutrients from dead organisms. Even when fungi parasitize living organisms, they kill cells and obtain nutrients as saprophytes. Some fungi produce antibiotics that inhibit the growth of or kill bacteria. Fungi excrete metabolic wastes that are toxic to other organisms, especially soil microorganisms. In the soil, the production of such toxins, which are antibiotics, is called antibiosis, to kill other organisms that compete for nutrients. Parasitic fungi can be destructive when they invade other organisms. Many fungi reach their hosts by producing spores (exospores) that are carried by wind or water. Human fungal diseases are called mycoses. Classification of fungi : Fungi are classified according to the nature of the sexual stage in their life cycles. it is often difficult to match thesexual and asexual stages of some fungi. For instance, one researcher may work out an asexual phase and give the fungus a name; another researcher may work out a sexual phase and give the same fungus a different name. Because the relationship between the sexual and
6 asexual phases is not always apparent, a particular species of fungi may have two names until someone discovers that the two phases occur in the same organism. The ability of an organism to alter its structure when it changes habitats is called dimorphism. Hilmenths : Are also called warms. A helminth has a head and tail end. Helminths that parasitize humans include flatworms and roundworms. *Flatworms : (Platyhelminthes) not more than 1 mm thick, but some, such as large tapeworms, can be as long as 10 m. (small thickness and variety in length). include two classes of parasitic organisms the flukes (trematodes) and the tapeworms. They can attach to their hosts either by suckers or hooks. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by several species of flukes, a parasitic worm of the genus Schistosoma. Snails serve as the intermediary agent between mammalian hosts,(snails play as a first host before human ). The flukes have the ability to penetrate the skin so enter the circulation of the body goes to the liver which will cause liver sinusoids. (we have two hosts snails and the human). the tapeworms that can infect humans are beef and pork 3 tapeworms that are species of Taenia. (also here two hosts cow or pork and human). Flukes are smaller than tapeworms. Round warms:(nematodes) *Roundworms have cylindrical bodies with tapered 4 ends and are covered with a thick, protective cuticle. They vary in length from less than 1 mm to more than 1 m. Account of modern America experiences with sushi and other forms of raw fish, which may harbor roundworms. The most giant roundwarm is ascais lumbricoides. *Insects : They act as vector 5 ( biological or mechanical ). Examples : African sleeping sickness, Trypanosomes,Tsetse fly Malaria,Plasmodium species, Mosquitoes. Study well pg. 5 الخنزير 3 مدبب 4 ناقالت 5
Introduction to Parasitic Helminths
Introduction to Parasitic Helminths Lecture 4 Medical Parasitology Course (MLAB 362) Dr. Mohamed A. El-Sakhawy 1 Parasitic Helminths Eukaryotic, multicellular animals that usually have digestive, circulatory,
More informationParasites are found in all groups of organisms
Parasites are found in all groups of organisms Parasites a very diverse set of eukaryotic pathogens Parasitology as a scientific discipline historically covers a diverse collection of multi- and unicellular
More informationINTRODUCTION TO PARASITOLOGY OBJECTIVES/RATIONALE
INTRODUCTION TO PARASITOLOGY OBJECTIVES/RATIONALE Parasitology is the study of organisms that derive their nourishment from other living things and cause damage. The student will identify the morphology
More informationMONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE BIO 140 MYCOLOGY OUTLINE. 1. Type of cell. 2. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular
MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE BIO 140 MYCOLOGY OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION TO THE KINGDOM FUNGI DOMAIN EUKARYA A. General Characteristics 1. Type of cell 2. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular
More informationParasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors
PowerPoint Lecture Slides for MICROBIOLOGY ROBERT W. BAUMAN Chapter 23 Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors Parasitic Diseases Protozoan and helminthic parasites are emerging as serious
More informationParasitology Questions. Choose the best correct answer in the following statements
Parasitology Questions Choose the best correct answer in the following statements ١. A.. is the larval stage of a fluke that is covered with cilia and swims about seeking out a snail to serve as an intermediate
More informationAmoebas are motile by means of pseudopodia cytoplasmic extensions which allow it to crawl across surfaces.
Chapter 23 Eukaryotic Parasites of Medical Importance: Protozoa and Helminths* *Lecture notes are to be used as a study guide only and do not represent the comprehensive information you will need to know
More informationDiseases: If you think about the spread of disease caused by parasites such as blindness, There are several infective causes of blindness :
Introduction : -The parasites are usually negligible and we don't take it seriously. - They cause diseases in the world. ( morbidity ) - Parasite means الطفيلي somebody who eats at someone else's table!!!!
More informationHelminths (Worms) General Characteristics: Eukaryotic, multicellular parasites, in the kingdom Animalia.
Parasite II Helminths (Worms) General Characteristics: Eukaryotic, multicellular parasites, in the kingdom Animalia. They are worm-like organisms that live and feed off living hosts, receiving nourishment
More informationPARASITE MRS. OHOUD S.ALHUMAIDAN
PARASITE MRS. OHOUD S.ALHUMAIDAN OUTLINE Intruduction Important terms classification of hosts Mode of parasitic infections General Classification of parasites Specific Classification of parasites Protozoa
More informationPathogens. How Do They Cause Disease?
Pathogens How Do They Cause Disease? A. Pathogens I. Overview 1. definition: a disease-causing agent a. disease: a disturbance in the state of health such that the affected organism experiences some loss
More informationPARASITOLOGY INTRODUCTION
PARASITOLOGY INTRODUCTION DEFINITION Parasite means : one who eats at the table of another. Differs from bacteria and viruses in their complex life cycles, intermediate hosts and chronicity. Evolved to
More informationHELMINTHS IMAGE DISEASE STAGE SOURCE SYMPTOMS FOUND LEN TAENIA SAGINATA (BEEF) TAENIA SOLIUM (PORK) TAENIASIS (TAPEWORM)
HELMINTHS IMAGE DISEASE STAGE SOURCE SYMPTOMS FOUND LEN TAENIA SAGINATA (BEEF) TAENIA SOLIUM (PORK) TAENIASIS (TAPEWORM) HOOKS /AND /OR/SUCKERS SCOLEX (ADULT) INGESTION OF CONTAMINATED PORK OR BEEF DIARRHEA
More informationBiology. Slide 1 of 30. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 30 2 of 30 What causes disease? 3 of 30 Disease A disease is any change, other than an injury, that disrupts the normal functions of the body. Disease-causing agents are called pathogens.
More informationKINGDOM PROTISTA CHAPTERS 26 & 27
KINGDOM PROTISTA CHAPTERS 26 & 27 CHARACTERISTICS Eukaryotic Heterotrophic & Autotrophic Mostly unicellular ; some multicellular Asexual reproduction binary fission Sexual reproduction - conjugation Plant
More informationThe Immune System: Your Defense Against Disease
The Immune System: Your Defense Against Disease Terms: Immune System: body s primary defense against disease-causing microorganisms. Immune: condition in which a body is able to permanently fight a disease.
More informationParasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors
PowerPoint Lecture Slides for MICROBIOLOGY ROBERT W. BAUMAN Chapter 23 Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors Helminthic Parasites of Humans Helminths are macroscopic, multicellular, eukaryotic
More information3 Types: I. Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms. II. Phylum Nematoda Roundworms
Unsegmented Worms 3 Types: I. Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms II. Phylum Nematoda Roundworms Flatworms Flatworms Belong to Phylum Platyhelminthes. (Plat = flat) There are three classes: Turbellaria Trematoda
More informationMICROORGANISM NORMAL FLORA AND PATHOGENS
MICROORGANISMS: NORMAL FLORA AND PATHOGENS BELL WORK- GO TO PAGE 468 IN NEW BOOK; READ THE GIVEN DEFINITIONS AND FIRST THREE PARAGRAPHS AND GIVE A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FOLLOWING: MICROORGANISM PATHOGENIC
More informationIntroduction to the internal parasites
Learning Outcomes Introduction to the internal parasites BVM&S Parasitology Tudor.W.Jones Describe what is meant by internal parasites, where they can be found and why they are important to veterinarians.
More informationIntroduction to the internal parasites. BVM&S Parasitology Tudor.W.Jones
Introduction to the internal parasites BVM&S Parasitology Tudor.W.Jones Learning Outcomes Describe what is meant by internal parasites, where they can be found and why they are important to veterinarians.
More informationUnit 5: The Kingdoms of Life Module 12: Simple Organisms
Unit 5: The Kingdoms of Life Module 12: Simple Organisms NC Essential Standard: 1.2.3 Explain how specific cell adaptations help cells survive in particular environments 2.1.2 Analyze how various organisms
More informationChapter 8 Review. 4. Scientists do not consider viruses as true living organisms because they
Chapter 8 Review Multiple Choice 1. A disruption of homeostasis can result in all of the following except A. illness C. disease B. death D. stability 2. Infectious diseases result from A. genetic defects
More informationUnit 5: The Kingdoms of Life Module 12: Simple Organisms
Unit 5: The Kingdoms of Life Module 12: Simple Organisms NC Essential Standard: 1.2.3 Explain how specific cell adaptations help cells survive in particular environments 2.1.2 Analyze how various organisms
More informationNotes - Platyhelminthes and Nematodes
Notes - Platyhelminthes and Nematodes - These two phylum are composed of. However, the worms we are going to look at are not common. Both of these phyla are composed of unsegmented worms. That is, these
More informationIntroduction Parasitology. Parasitology Department Medical Faculty of Universitas Sumatera Utara
Introduction Parasitology Parasitology Department Medical Faculty of Universitas Sumatera Utara Parasite Definition: Dependence of one living organism on another 2 CLASSIFICATION (based on habitat) t)
More informationMicrobiology. Bacteria Viruses Fungi Parasites
Microbiology Bacteria Viruses Fungi Parasites On page C1: What do YOU think? What do you think 8.L.1 means? (look at your section tab) Choose 2 vocabulary words and write a definition and a drawing for
More informationTHE IMMUNE SYSTEM Chapter 40 (Miller & Levine)
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Chapter 40 (Miller & Levine) 40 1 Infectious Disease A. How Diseases Are Spread 1. Vectors animals that carry disease-causing organisms from person to person (ticks, mosquitos, other
More informationFlatworms. Phylum Platyhelminthes
Flatworms Phylum Platyhelminthes Characteristics of Flatworms Flatworms are acoelomates, which means they have no coelom. A coelom is a fluid-filled body cavity The digestive cavity is the only body cavity
More information3-Mutualism: It is a relationship between two. organisms; one called. or harmless. 2-Commensalism: It is a relationship in which one
Host-Parasite relationships Symbiosis: It is the permanent relationship between two dissimilar organisms which depending each others. They are three types 1- Parasitism : It is a relationship between two
More informationSmall living organism Not visible to the naked eye Must be viewed under a microscope Found everywhere in the environment, including on and in the
Small living organism Not visible to the naked eye Must be viewed under a microscope Found everywhere in the environment, including on and in the human body Many Microorganisms are part of normal flora
More informationDisease Transmission Methods
Disease Transmission Methods In epidemiology, transmission simply means any method by which an infectious agent is spread from one host to another. Knowing the type of pathogen often, but not always, identifies
More informationIntroduction to Disease
Introduction to Disease What is a pathogen? Disease-producing microorganism and toxin VIRUS Viruses exist for one purpose only: to reproduce. To do that, they have to take over the reproductive machinery
More informationBacteriology Virology Mycology Parasitology Immunology Pathology Epidemiology. Microbe alternate terms Germs, microorganisms, pathogens, agents, bugs
1 BIO 205 Microbiology for Health Professionals The study of microscopic agents as they relate to human health The causes of infectious disease. The control of infectious disease. Host defenses against
More informationImmune System. Before You Read. Read to Learn
Immune System 37 section 1 Infectious Diseases Biology/Life Sciences 10.d Students know there are important differences between bacteria and viruses with respect to their requirements for growth and replication,
More informationHuman Body Systems - Parasites
Human Body Systems - Parasites Grade Range: Middle School Key Terms Lesson Time: 40 minutes Materials and Resources Circulatory system Digestive system Immune system Malaria Nervous system Parasite Plasmodium
More informationIntroduction to Multicellular Parasites
Harriet Wilson, Lecture Notes Bio. Sci. 4 - Microbiology Sierra College Introduction to Multicellular Parasites Multicellular parasites are eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom Animalia (like us). Though
More informationChapter 4 Inflammation and Infection
Chapter 4 Inflammation and Infection Defense Mechanisms Three lines of defense protect the body against foreign invasion: Physical or surface barriers Inflammation Immune response Inflammation Non-specific
More informationPathogens: Microorganisms that are capable of causing disease Infection: Results when a pathogen invades and begins growing within the host Disease:
Infectious Diseases Pathogens: Microorganisms that are capable of causing disease Infection: Results when a pathogen invades and begins growing within the host Disease: Results only if and when normal
More informationMEDICAL PARASITOLOGY
MODULE Medical parasitology 37 MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY 37.1 INTRODUCTION The study of protozoan and helminthic parasites of medical importance is included in medical parasitology. The first microscope was
More informationKingdom: PROTISTA PROTOZOANS 3/7/2006 1
Kingdom: PROTISTA PROTOZOANS 3/7/2006 1 Kingdom: PROTISTA Single celled (unicellular), colonial or multicellular organisms Reproduce sexually or asexually Three major categories: Protozoans - first animals
More informationKingdom Animalia Subkingdom Eumetazoa Bilateria Phylum Platyhelminthes
Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Eumetazoa Bilateria Phylum Platyhelminthes Professor Andrea Garrison Biology 3A Illustrations 2014 Cengage Learning unless otherwise noted Phylum Platyhelminthes Flat worms
More informationPre-lab homework Lab 8: Community Interactions
Lab Section: Pre-lab homework Lab 8: Community Interactions Name: In lab this week we will work on developing an understanding of community interactions. Prior to lab answer the following questions to
More informationThe Immune System & Non- Infectious Disease. Ch. 18: Sections 1, 2, & 4
The Immune System & Non- Infectious Disease Ch. 18: Sections 1, 2, & 4 What is the Immune System? The purpose of the immune system is to: keep infectious microorganisms, such as certain bacteria, viruses,
More informationIntroduction to Medical Parasitology
Introduction to Medical Parasitology Dr. Sameer Naji, MB, BCh, PhD (UK) Head of Basic Medical Sciences Dept. Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University Human Medical Parasitology Human parasitology is
More informationChapter 13. Preventing Infectious Diseases. Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Preventing Infectious Diseases Preventing Infectious Diseases Contents Section 1 What Are Infectious Diseases? Section 2 Protecting Yourself from Infectious Diseases Section 3 Common Infectious Diseases
More information4/6/2015. Today: The Euks. 1. Fungi 2. Protozoa 3. Multicellular Parasites. Fungi
Today: The Euks 1. Fungi 2. Protozoa 3. Multicellular Parasites Fungi 1 Fungal characteristics Cell wall made of chitin = polysaccharide Heterotrophs absorptive nutrition Eukaryotes have true nuclei, can
More informationChapter 12. Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes. Part 2
Chapter 12 Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes Part 2 Chapter 12 includes the fungal pathogens section from chapter 22 and Helminths from chapter 23 Fungi Chemoheterotrophic Have cell walls typically
More informationIntroduction. Causes. Roundworms. Worms. Flatworms. How Flatworms are transmitted. Fast fact. Fast fact
Module 5 Worms MODULE 5 INTRODUCTION Introduction Worms Worms or helminths are parasites that live on or in human or animal hosts and draw nutrients from their host 1. Worms are multi-cellular, have complex
More informationInfectious Disease. Unit 6 Lesson 1
Infectious Disease Unit 6 Lesson 1 Reminder Getting Started Pick up your Infectious Disease Notes Objectives Identify five types of infectious agents Describe ways in which infections can spread Explain
More information1. Toxoplasma gondii:
Parasites affecting the central nervous system: 1. Toxoplasma gondii: It s a protozoa family member, more specifically a member of the apicomplexa just like plasmodium malaria. Causes toxoplasmosis Has
More informationEx. Schistosoma species (blood flukes) and Fasciola hepatica.
TREMATODES: INTRODUCTION: Ex. Schistosoma species (blood flukes) and Fasciola hepatica. The life cycle of trematodes involves a sexual cycle in humans and asexual reproduction in freshwater snails (intermediate
More informationLecture 1: Overview of Medical Parasitology #AsturiaNOTES Parasitology: Introduction to Parasitology
Human Parasitology The study of organisms which are parasitic to humans. In the broadest sense of parasitology which is anything parasitic to humans therefore, it includes study of: o Viruses o Bacteria
More informationL:7, L:8 Parasitology
L:7, L:8 Parasitology 2.Fasciola hepatica Adult The adult Fasciola hepatica worm is flattened, leaf like shape, equipped with shoulders, somewhat oblong. Adult Fasciola hepatica measuring 3cm by 1cm in
More informationHELMINTHOLOGY STUDY NOTES
CHAPTER ONE HELMINTHOLOGY STUDY NOTES TOPIC I: ASSOCIATION IN ORGANISMS CHAPTER ONE CONTENTS 0 Introduction 0 Objectives 0 Main contents Types of Association Symbiosis 0 Conclusion 0 Summary 0 INTRODUCTION
More informationDisease: any change, other than an injury, that disrupts homeostasis. Pathogen: disease-causing agent such as bacteria, virus, etc.
The Immune System Disease: any change, other than an injury, that disrupts homeostasis. Pathogen: disease-causing agent such as bacteria, virus, etc. Infectious disease- caused by pathogen Germ theory
More informationImmune System and Disease. Chapter 31
Immune System and Disease Chapter 31 31.1 PATHOGENS AND HUMAN ILLNESS Key Concept Germs cause many diseases in humans Microogranisms (microscopic particles) cause certain diseases proposed by Louis Pasteur
More informationIntroduction to Medical Parasitology. Nimit Morakote, Ph.D
Introduction to Medical Parasitology Nimit Morakote, Ph.D 1 Learning objectives After class, students be able to 1. Explain parasitological terms 2. Explain the impact of parasitic diseases 3. Apply knowledge
More informationHELMINTHS CESTODES (tapeworms)
Microbiology HELMINTHS CESTODES (tapeworms) Introduction to Parasites The eggs of cestodes as mentioned before have a striated outer covering. Inside the egg, there is a rounded embryo with six hooks.
More information5 examples of parasitism in animals. 5 examples of parasitism in animals.zip
5 examples of parasitism in animals 5 examples of parasitism in animals.zip 12/10/2017 Parasitic Relationships. A few examples of parasites are Some scientists say that one-celled bacteria and viruses
More informationEEB 4274 Lecture Exam #1 Protozoa September 2011
1 Name EEB 4274 Lecture Exam #1 Protozoa September 2011 Read through the exam once before you begin. Read the questions CAREFULLY; be certain to provide all of the information requested. In instances in
More informationInfection, Detection, Prevention...
Infection, Detection, Prevention... A disease is any change that disrupts the normal function of one or more body systems. Non infectious diseases are typically caused by exposure to chemicals or are inherited.
More informationEpidemiology. Reservoir & Resources of Infectious Agent : Human Reservoir :
Lecture ( 3 ) Dr. Ismail I. Daood Epidemiology Reservoir & Resources of Infectious Agent : Infectious disease is disease that is caused the invasion of a host by agents whose activities harm the host's
More informationMany of you asked about this topic
Many of you asked about this topic Water borne disease: The largest water quality problem in developing countries. CEE 3510 Environmental Quality Engineering According to: Chemical and Engineering News
More informationBA, BSc, and MSc Degree Examinations
Examination Candidate Number: Desk Number: BA, BSc, and MSc Degree Examinations 2017-8 Department : BIOLOGY Title of Exam: Microbiology Time Allowed: 1 hour and 30 minutes Marking Scheme: Total marks available
More informationThe Roundworms pg. 689
The Roundworms 27-2 pg. 689 What are the defining features of roundworms Advances over Platyhelminthes (the flatworms) Body plans and body systems 2 broad types and their example animals Parasitic worms:
More informationanemia a deficiency of red blood cells that results in pallor and weakness
Appendix A.3, Lesson Three Glossary algal bloom a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in an aquatic system which results from changes in the chemistry and/or temperature of the water
More informationIntroduction to Medical Parasitology
Introduction to Medical Parasitology Lecture I Medical Parasitology Course (MLAB 362) Dr. Mohamed A. El-Sakhawy 1 Suggested Textbooks 1. Cheesbrough (2009), District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries.
More informationPrinciples of Disease and Epidemiology
Principles of Disease and Epidemiology Symbiosis living together An association between two or more species and one species is typically dependent on the other Mutualism - Commensalism - Parasitism - Infection
More informationEukaryotes and Viruses. Chapters 12 and 13
Eukaryotes and Viruses Chapters 12 and 13 Fungi Heterotrophic, Mainly Opportunistic Pathogens Distinguishing Characteristics of Chemoheterotrophic Fungi Cells walls composed of Chitin Diverse Metabolic
More informationIntroduction to the helminth parasites. Why are helminths important? Lecture topics. Morphology. BVM&S Parasitology Tudor W Jones
Taxonomic Relationships of the Helminth Parasites Parasitic Helminths Introduction to the helminth parasites BVM&S Parasitology Tudor W Jones Platyhelminthes "Flatworms" Trematodes "Flukes" Cestodes "Tapeworms"
More informationAn Introduction to the Invertebrates, Part Two Platyhelminthes & Rotifers. Reference: Chapter 33.3, 33.4
An Introduction to the Invertebrates, Part Two Platyhelminthes & Rotifers Reference: Chapter 33.3, 33.4 Quick Protist Review v Are protists monophyletic, paraphyletic, or polyphyletic? v What are protozoa?
More informationORGANISMS IN ECOSYSTEMS. Dr. khalid M. Salih
ORGANISMS IN ECOSYSTEMS Dr. khalid M. Salih Definition The study of cooperation and competition for biotic and abiotic parts of the environment needs to know three important things: Habitat which is the
More informationUnit 23: Immunity from Disease
Unit 5 The Human Body Unit 23 Immunity from Disease- Unit 23: Immunity from Disease Name: Period: Page 1 of 51 Unit 5 The Human Body Unit 23 Immunity from Disease- Chapter 23 assignments Pages/Sections
More informationAGRIC SCIENCE (WEEK 5) Squatting of the bird with head tucked under the wings
AGRIC SCIENCE (WEEK 5) PROTOZOAN DISEASES CONTINUED Symptoms of Coccidiosis 1. Closing of eyes Prevention Squatting of the bird with head tucked under the wings - Maintain good hygiene - Prevent animals
More informationGiardia lamblia (flagellates)
Giardia lamblia (flagellates) Dr. Hala Al Daghistani Giardia lamblia (Giardia duodenalis or Giardia intestinalis) is the causative agent of giardiasis and is the only common pathogenic protozoan found
More informationEEB 4274 Lecture Exam #1 Protozoa September 2014
1 Name EEB 4274 Lecture Exam #1 Protozoa September 2014 Read through the exam once before you begin. Read the questions CAREFULLY; be certain to provide all of the information requested. In instances in
More informationLearning Objectives. 3. Epidemiology distribution; endemic; 4. Basic Morphology 5. Name of diesease 6. Prevention and Control
Learning Objectives At the end of the class student will able to state 1. Life cycle Environment, Human, Animals 2. Name of parasite: (Genus), (Species) 3. Epidemiology distribution; endemic; 4. Basic
More informationCommunicable Diseases
Lesson 5.1 Communicable Diseases By Carone Fitness You have probably been in a situation similar to Corry's. The common cold is a communicable disease. 1 Defined Communicable diseases are illnesses that
More informationTYPES OF ORGANISM RELATIONSHIPS
TYPES OF ORGANISM RELATIONSHIPS Normal Flora. Normal flora consists of microorganisms that are normally and consistently found in or on the body in the absence of disease. Symbiosis. This is the close
More informationBiology. Magic Doctor. Magic Doctor. Topic Two: Immunity. 1) The first line of defense in our immune system is composed of what?
Biology Topic Two: Immunity Magic Doctor 1) The first line of defense in our immune system is composed of what? Skin, nose, eye lashes, eyelids. 2) White blood cells and red blood cells are produced in
More information2017 MICROBES AND DISEASE
2017 MICROBES AND DISEASE Normal flora Many microbes have a positive symbiotic relationship with other organisms. Mutualism both organisms benefit. Commensalism one organisms and the other is not harmed
More informationFACT OR ARTIFACT LEARN THE KEYS TO DIFFERENTIATE PARASITES FROM ARTIFACTS
FACT OR ARTIFACT LEARN THE KEYS TO DIFFERENTIATE PARASITES FROM ARTIFACTS ACMLT CONFERENCE OCTOBER 1, 2005 PRESENTED BY PAULINE TOMLIN Public Health Microbiology 2 FACT OR ARTIFACT Many body sites and
More information8.L.1 Practice Questions
Name: Date: 1. Why should antibiotics be given to a person who is ill with a bacterial disease like strep throat, but not to a person who has a viral disease like flu?. ntibiotics kill bacteria but not
More informationChapter 10. Objectives. Describe the difference between infectious and noninfectious diseases. Describe how the human body fights diseases.
Lesson 1 Disease and Your Body Objectives Describe the difference between infectious and noninfectious diseases. Describe how the human body fights diseases. Lesson 1 Disease and Your Body Disease What
More informationChapter 6: Fighting Disease
Chapter 6: Fighting Disease Lesson 1: Infectious Disease How Do Pathogens Cause Disease? Ancient times, people had different ideas about what caused disease. - Evil spirits - Swamp air - Imbalance of four
More informationChapter 13. Topics - Human Host - Progress of an Infection - Epidemiology
Chapter 13 Topics - Human Host - Progress of an Infection - Epidemiology 1 Human Host Acquire resident flora New born exposure 2 Acquire resident flora The human body supports a wide range of habitats
More informationNursing college, Second stage Microbiology Dr.Nada Khazal K. Hendi Medical Microbiology
1 Nursing college, Second stage Microbiology Medical Microbiology Lecture-1- Fungi (Mycosis) They are a diverse group of saprophytic and parasitic eukaryotic organisms. Human fungal diseases (mycoses)
More informationThe Chain of Infection
The Chain of Infection As healthcare professionals, it is important to understand two facts about infection: 1.The various ways infection can be transmitted. 2. The ways the infection chain can be broken.
More informationMicrobiology The study of Microbes are organisms to be seen with the
Module 1 Chapter 1 The microbial world and you Microbes in our lives Overall theme of this course is to discuss microbes and how they are involved in the lives of humans. Microbes make the biggest news
More informationExtra-intestinal coccidians
Extra-intestinal coccidians Apicomplexa Coccidia Gregarinea Piroplasmida Eimeriida Haemosporida -Theileriidae - Babesiidae - Eimeriidae - Cryptosporidiidae - Sarcocystidae (Sarcocystis) (Toxoplasma) -Haemosporiidae
More informationYour Body's Defenses
Your Body's Defenses For follow up on these notes read: Holt: pages 710 720 MSLS: pages 410 420 Blue writing indicates a video is linked to the picture. Click the pictures! Links to Videos are listed on
More informationChapter 2. Disease and disease transmission
Chapter 2 Disease and disease transmission An enormous variety of organisms exist, including some which can survive and even develop in the body of people or animals. If the organism can cause infection,
More informationAsian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology
Research Article ISSN: 2349 7114 Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Journal home page: www.ajrpsb.com ENTAMO ENTAMOEBA COLI AS STRONG PHAGOCYTIC PARASITIC ORGANISM Mosab
More informationChapter 7 8/23/2016. Asepsis and Infection Control. Asepsis. Asepsis (Cont.) Microorganisms. Infection control and prevention
Chapter 7 Asepsis and Infection Control All items and derived items 2015, 2011, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Asepsis Microorganisms Tiny microscopic entities capable
More informationImmunity and Infection. Chapter 17
Immunity and Infection Chapter 17 The Chain of Infection Transmitted through a chain of infection (six links) Pathogen: Disease causing microorganism Reservoir: Natural environment of the pathogen Portal
More informationAddis Ababa Institute of Technology Department of Civil Engineering. Zerihun Alemayehu
CHAPTER 2 WATER QUALITY AND HEALTH Addis Ababa Institute of Technology Department of Civil Engineering Water Treatment Zerihun Alemayehu Some Water Facts Body composition Body, 65% water; blood, 83%; bones,
More informationInfectious And Parasitic Diseases Of Captive Carnivores
Infectious And Parasitic Diseases Of Captive Carnivores 1 / 7 2 / 7 3 / 7 Infectious And Parasitic Diseases Of Journal Articles References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine)
More informationNOTES OF CH 13 WHY DO WE FALL ILL CLASS 9TH SCIENCE
NOTES OF CH 13 WHY DO WE FALL ILL CLASS 9TH SCIENCE Topics in the Chapter Introduction Health Community Health Differences between Being Healthy and Disease-free Disease and its cases Types of diseases
More informationImmune System. Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Class: Date: Immune System Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the bacteria is the cause of pneumonia? a. staphylococci c. Treponema
More information