Cell Organization, Nutrition, Digestion, and Excretion
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1 Cell Organization, Nutrition, Digestion, and Excretion
2 Cell Organization: 1. Put these terms in order from least complex to most complex: Tissue, cell, organ, organelle, organism, organ system 1. Organelle 2. Cell 3. Tissue 4. Organ 5. Organ System 6. Organism
3 Cell Organization: 2. Define each term and provide an example of each: Organelle tiny structures that perform cellular functions Ex: mitochondria, chloroplast, nucleus Cell basic unit of life Ex: skin cell, red blood cell, nerve cell Tissue - group of cells working together Ex: muscle tissue, nerve tissue, blood Organ - group of tissues working together Ex: stomach, kidney, lung Organ System - group of organs working together Ex: digestive system, excretory system Organism - group of organs systems working together Ex: fish, cat, dog, you!
4 Cell Organization: 3. Which of the following correctly represents the levels of organization in the human body?
5 Nutrition: 4. Define the following terms. Ingestion take in food Autotrophic Nutrition make own food Heterotrophic Nutrition Get food from outside source
6 Nutrition: 5. Give the main function and TWO examples of EACH of the 6 main nutrients: Carbohydrates immediate energy & roughage Ex : sugar, potatoes & fruits & vegatables Proteins provide amino acids to synthesize proteins (enzymes, hormones, antibodies, etc.) Ex : meat, fish, eggs, beans Lipids - Insulation /protection, stored energy Ex: oils, fats, butter, cream
7 Nutrition: Water - transport nutrients into & waste products out of cells for all digestive, absorption, circulatory, and excretory functions the maintenance of proper body temperature Ex: drinking water, most foods Vitamins - Growth and repair, help use the energy from foods, as coenzymes Ex: A, B3, B6, B12, C, D, E (meats, vegetables, fruits) Minerals- Building body parts, involved in nerve & muscle action Ex: Iron, Sodium, Potassium, Iodine, Calcium (meats, vegetables, fruits)
8 Nutrition: 6. Which nutrients must be digested before they are absorbed? CARBS PROTEINS LIPIDS 7. Which nutrients can be absorbed without being digested? VITAMINS MINERALS WATER
9 Digestion: 9. Define the following terms: Digestion Breakdown foods for nutrients Mechanical Digestion Physical breakdown to increase surface area Chemical Digestion Breakdown nutrients chemically (enzymes) Peristalsis Muscular contractions of alimentary canal pushing food along
10 Digestion: 10. Give the function of each part of the human Digestive System: Mouth Mechanical digestion of all foods Chemical digestion of carbohydrates begins Esophagus Pathway to stomach Peristalsis begins Stomach Mechanical digestion of all foods Chemical digestion of proteins begins
11 Digestion: Liver Produce bile (for emulsification) Pancreas Produce enzymes for digestion Small Intestine Digestion of all foods ends here Most absorption of nutrients Large Intestine Water reabsorption Feces formed
12 Digestion: Rectum Storage of feces Anus Pathway out of the body - egestion Villi Increase surface area of SI for absorption of nutrients Teeth Mechanical digestion
13 Digestion: Helper Organ (Accessory Organ) Provides chemicals to aid digestion No food enters these organs Liver Gallbladder Pancreas To Small Intestine
14 Digestion: 11. Give the end product of digestion for each of the following building blocks: Carbohydrates glucose (simple sugars) Proteins amino acids Lipids fatty acids & glycerol
15 Digestion: 13. Tell where digestion begins and ends for each of the following: Begins Ends Carbohydrates- mouth small intestine Proteins- stomach small intestine Lipids- small intestine small intestine
16 Excretion: 16. Define the following terms: Excretion Removal of metabolic wastes Egestion Removal of undigested material
17 Excretion: 17. Give the function of each of the 4 main organs of the Excretory System: Skin- excrete water, salts, and urea from the blood in the form of perspiration Liver-Recycles worn out red blood cells & Produces urea by breaking down amino acids, detoxification Kidneys-Salt and water maintained, wastes removed (urine) Lungs- Gas Exchange O2 in, CO2 out
18 Excretion: 18. Name 5 metabolic wastes excreted by the human body.
19 Excretion: A 19. Trace the path of urine from the kidneys to its exit from the body. C B D
20 Excretion: 21. What is the function of sweat glands? excrete water, salts, and urea from the blood in the form of perspiration Sweating is the body s way of cooling down Thermoregulation maintaining normal body temperature
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