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1 fact sheet Buela Infant Milk has been specially formulated to incorporate the vital nutrients, including vitamins, minerals and isotypes that your baby needs to develop both physically and mentally. Giving your baby the very best start to help them achieve all of their development goals is what all caring parents want. Whilst most parents know of the importance of vitamins and minerals for healthy teeth and bone growth and the importance of omega oils, for healthy body and brain function, less is known perhaps about the importance of immunoglobulins, which are antibody isotopes, normally transferred through the colostrum in mothers breast milk in the early days of breastfeeding. It is through this action that babies receive a boost to their own supplies, thereby helping to promote a stronger, healthier immune system. Thankfully, through Buela s micro-filtration system, Immunoglobulin is still present in the formula milk, thereby helping to pass on these benefits to baby. CALCIUM Calcium is the most abundant mineral in your body.it is essential for the development and maintenance of strong bones and teeth, where about 99% of the body s calcium is found. Calcium also helps the heart, nerves, muscles, and other body systems work properly. Your body needs several other nutrients in order for calcium to be absorbed and used properly, including magnesium, phosphorous, and especially vitamins D and K. The best way to get calcium is through food. It is especially important for children to get enough calcium in their diets as they are growing and forming bone, and for older people as they start to lose bone. PHOSPHOROUS Next to calcium, phosphorus is the most abundant mineral in the body. These 2 important nutrients work closely together to build strong bones and teeth. About 85% of the body s phosphorus is in bones and teeth. Phosphorous is also present in smaller amounts in cells and tissues throughout the body. Phosphorus helps filter out waste in the kidneys and plays an essential role in how the body stores and uses energy. Phosphorus is needed for the growth, maintenance, and repair of all tissues and cells, and for the production of the genetic building blocks, DNA and RNA. Phosphorus is also needed to help balance and use other vitamins and minerals, including vitamin D, iodine, magnesium, and zinc. MAGNESIUM Every organ in the body, especially the heart, muscles, and kidneys, needs magnesium. This mineral also contributes to the makeup of teeth and bones. Magnesium activates enzymes, contributes to energy production, and helps regulate levels of calcium, copper, zinc, potassium, vitamin D, and other important nutrients in the body. POTASSIUM Potassium is a very important mineral for the proper function of all cells, tissues, and organs in the human body. It is also an electrolyte, a substance that conducts electricity in the body, along with sodium, chloride, calcium, and magnesium. Potassium is crucial to heart function and plays a key role in skeletal and smooth muscle contraction, making it important for normal digestive and muscular function.

2 IRON Iron is an essential mineral that is required for human life. Iron is found in the body s red blood cells, which carry oxygen-rich blood to every cell in the body. Iron is also involved in producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the body s energy source. Extra iron is stored in the liver, bone marrow, spleen, and muscles. Not having enough iron can lead to anemia. The most common symptoms of anemia are weakness and fatigue. Children tend to be at highest risk of iron deficiency, Iron deficiency anemia in children is associated with poor neurodevelopment. Anemia can be caused by the rapid growth that takes place during infancy, early childhood, and adolescence. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), iron deficiency is the number one nutritional disorder in the world. Up to 80% of the world s population may be iron deficient, and 30% may have iron deficiency anemia. ZINC Zinc is an essential trace mineral, so you get it through the foods you eat. Next to iron, zinc is the most common mineral in the body and is found in every cell. It has been used since ancient times to help heal wounds and plays an important role in the immune system, reproduction, growth, taste, vision, and smell, blood clotting, and proper insulin and thyroid function. Zinc also has antioxidant properties, meaning it helps protect cells in the body from damage caused by free radicals. MANGANESE Manganese is a trace mineral that is present in tiny amounts in the body. It is found mostly in bones, the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. Manganese helps the body form connective tissue, bones, blood clotting factors. It also plays a role in fat and carbohydrate metabolism, calcium absorption, and blood sugar regulation. Manganese is also necessary for normal brain and nerve function. SELENIUM Selenium is an essential mineral found in small amounts in the body. It works as an antioxidant, especially when combined with vitamin E. Selenium plays a role in thyroid function. Your immune system also needs selenium to work properly. IODINE Iodine is a trace mineral the body needs to make thyroid hormones, which are essential for normal growth and development. In your body, about 70 to 80% of iodine is found in the thyroid gland in the neck with the rest distributed throughout the body. If your body does not have enough iodine, you can develop hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone levels). Symptoms include sluggishness or fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, and sensitivity to temperature changes. In infants and children, hypothyroidism can affect physical and mental development. Premature infants are especially vulnerable to iodine deficiency due to the premature separation from the mom s iodine supply.

3 OMEGA 3 OMEGA Omega-3 fatty acids are considered essential fatty acids. They are necessary for human health, but the body can t make them. You have to get them through food. Omega-3 fatty acids are found in fish, such as salmon, tuna, and halibut, other seafoods including algae and krill, some plants, and nut oils. Also known as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), omega-3 fatty acids play a crucial role in brain function, as well as normal growth and development. They have also become popular because they may reduce the risk of heart disease. The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends eating fish (particularly fatty fish such as mackerel, lake trout, herring, sardines, albacore tuna, and salmon) at least 2 times a week. Research shows that omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation and may help lower risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and arthritis. Omega-3 fatty acids are highly concentrated in the brain and appear to be important for cognitive (brain memory and performance) and behavioral function. In fact, infants who do not get enough omega-3 fatty acids from their mothers during pregnancy are at risk for developing vision and nerve problems. DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID (DHA) Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid. Omega-3 fatty acids are good for your heart, and your body needs DHA for a healthy brain. Infants need DHA, especially during the first 6 months of their lives, so their brains, eyes, and nervous systems can develop as they should. DHA is also found in breast milk. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Because children need omega-3 fatty acids for their brains to develop properly, researchers have examined whether fish oil might reduce ADHD symptoms. So far, results have been mixed. Infant Development: DHA plays a crucial role in the growth and development of the central nervous system, as well as visual functioning in infants. Breastfed babies with healthy mothers should get enough DHA in breast milk. A Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that has several important functions in the body. It helps cells reproduce normally, a process called cellular differentiation. It is essential for good vision. The first sign of a vitamin A deficiency is often poor sight at night. It is needed for the proper development of an embryo and fetus. Vitamin A helps keep skin and mucous membranes that line the nose, sinuses, and mouth healthy. It also plays a role in: Immune system function Growth Bone formation Reproduction Wound healing C Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, meaning that your body doesn t store it. You have to get what you need from food, including citrus fruits, broccoli, and tomatoes. You need vitamin C for the growth and repair of tissues in all parts of your body. It helps the body make collagen, an important protein used to make skin, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels. Vitamin C is needed for healing wounds, and for repairing and maintaining bones and teeth. It also helps the body absorb iron from nonheme sources. D Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a role in many important body functions. It is best known for working with calcium in your body to help build and maintain strong bones. Vitamin D is also involved in regulating the immune system and cells, where it may help prevent cancer. Your body stores vitamin D and makes vitamin D when your skin is exposed to sunlight. In children, a vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets, a disease that results in soft, weak bones. In adults, many people may not be getting enough vitamin D, especially those who live in northern areas (like the northern half of the U.S.) and the elderly. People with dark skin do not absorb sunlight as easily as those with light skin, so their risk of low vitamin D is even higher. E Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin found in many foods, fats, and oils. It is also an antioxidant, a substance that may help prevent damage to the body s cells. Vitamin E is also important in helping your body make red blood cells, and it helps the body use vitamin K. K2 Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin, so your body stores it in fat tissue and the liver. It is best known for its role in helping blood clot, or coagulate, properly. The K comes from its German name, Koagulationsvitamin. Vitamin K also plays an important role in bone health.

4 B1 Vitamin B₁, also called thiamine or thiamin, is one of 8 B vitamins. All B vitamins help the body convert food (carbohydrates) into fuel (glucose), which the body uses to produce energy. These B vitamins, often referred to as B-complex vitamins, also help the body metabolize fats and protein. B-complex vitamins are needed for a healthy liver, skin, hair, and eyes. They also help the nervous system function properly and are needed for good brain function. All B vitamins are water soluble, meaning that the body B2 Vitamin B₂, also called riboflavin, is one of 8 B vitamins. All B vitamins help the body to convert food (carbohydrates) into fuel (glucose), which is used to produce energy. These B vitamins, often referred to as B-complex vitamins, also help the body metabolize fats and protein. B complex vitamins are necessary for a healthy liver, skin, hair, and eyes. They also help the nervous system function properly. All B vitamins are water soluble, meaning the body In addition to producing energy for the body, riboflavin works as an antioxidant, fighting damaging particles in the body known as free radicals. Riboflavin is also needed to help the body change vitamin B₆ and folate into forms it can use. It is also important for growth and red blood cell production. B6 Vitamin B₆, also called pyridoxine, is one of 8 B vitamins. All B vitamins help the (glucose), which is used to produce energy. These B vitamins, often referred to as B-complex vitamins, also help the body metabolize fats and protein. B-complex vitamins are needed for healthy skin, hair, eyes, and liver. They also help the nervous system function properly. All B vitamins are water soluble, meaning the body Vitamin B₆ helps the body make several neurotransmitters, chemicals that carry signals from one nerve cell to another. It is needed for normal brain development and function, and helps the body make the hormones serotonin and norepinephrine, which influence mood, and melatonin, which helps regulate the body clock. Along with vitamins B₁₂ and B₉ (folic acid), B₆ helps control levels of homocysteine in the blood. Homocysteine is an amino acid that may be associated with heart disease. Your body needs B₆ in order to absorb vitamin B₁₂ and to make red blood cells and cells of the immune system.

5 B12 Vitamin B₁₂, also called cobalamin, is one of 8 B vitamins. All B vitamins help the (glucose), which is used to produce energy. These B vitamins, often referred to as B complex vitamins, also help the body use fats and protein. B complex vitamins are needed for healthy skin, hair, eyes, and liver. They also help the nervous system function properly. All B vitamins are water soluble, meaning that the body Vitamin B₁₂ is an especially important vitamin for maintaining healthy nerve cells, and it helps in the production of DNA and RNA, the body s genetic material. Vitamin B₁₂ works closely with vitamin B₉, also called folate or folic acid, to help make red blood cells and to help iron work better in the body. Folate and B₁₂ work together to produce S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), a compound involved in immune function and mood. FOLIC ACID Vitamin B₉, also called folate or folic acid, is one of 8 B vitamins. All B vitamins help the (glucose), which is used to produce energy. These B vitamins, often referred to as B-complex vitamins, also help the body use fats and protein. B-complex vitamins are needed for a healthy liver, and healthy skin, hair, and eyes. They also help the nervous system function properly. Folic acid is the synthetic form of B₉, found in supplements and fortified foods, while folate occurs naturally in foods. All the B vitamins are water-soluble, meaning the body Folic acid is crucial for proper brain function and plays an important role in mental and emotional health. It aids in the production of DNA and RNA, the body s genetic material, and is especially important when cells and tissues are growing rapidly, such as in infancy, adolescence, and pregnancy. Folic acid also works closely with vitamin B₁₂ to help make red blood cells and help iron work properly in the body. NIACIN Vitamin B₃ is one of 8 B vitamins. It is also known as niacin (nicotinic acid) and has 2 other forms, niacinamide (nicotinamide) and inositol hexanicotinate, which have different effects from niacin. Niacin helps the body make various hormones in the adrenal glands and other parts of the body. Niacin helps improve circulation, and it has been shown to suppress inflammation. BIOTIN Vitamin H, more commonly known as biotin, is part of the B complex group of vitamins. All B vitamins help the body to convert food (carbohydrates) into fuel (glucose), which is used to produce energy. These B vitamins, often referred to as B complex vitamins, also help the body metabolize fats and protein. B complex vitamins are needed for healthy skin, hair, eyes and liver. They also help the nervous system function properly. Your body needs biotin to metabolize carbohydrates, fats and amino acids, the building blocks of protein. PANTOTHENIC ACID Vitamin B₅, also called pantothenic acid, is one of 8 B vitamins. All B vitamins help the (glucose), which the body uses to produce energy. These B vitamins, often referred to as B complex vitamins, also help the body use fats and protein. B complex vitamins are needed for healthy skin, hair, eyes, and liver. They also help the nervous system function properly. All B vitamins are water-soluble, meaning that the body In addition to playing a role in the breakdown of fats and carbohydrates for energy, vitamin B₅ is critical to the manufacture of red blood cells. Vitamin B₅ is also important in maintaining a healthy digestive tract, and it helps the body use other vitamins, particularly B₂ (also called riboflavin). Steven D. Ehrlich, NMD, Phoenix, AZ Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network

6 immunoglobulins Designed especially for your baby s health Thanks to the technology of membrane filtration, the natural immunoglobulins do not lose their valuable properties in the processes of extraction and pulverizing. Immunoglobulins (IgG) contained in the product support immune system against pathogens and viral infections in a natural way. Immunoglobulins are synthesized by a type of lymphocyte called a B cell, and are initially expressed as transmembrane proteins on the surface of each B cell, where they are termed surface immunoglobulin M (surface IgM). (A small amount of a surface immunoglobulin called IgD is also expressed by B cells.) Each of the millions of B cells produced by the bone marrow each day makes an immunoglobulin with a unique binding specificity. The unique binding specificity of an immunoglobulin is determined by the unique amino acid sequence (called the variable sequence) located at the amino-terminal end of both the heavy and the light chains of each immunoglobulin molecule. Immunoglobulins are not transferred across the placenta to the mammalian foetus and hence infants are born with very low concentrations of serum immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulins occur in high concentration in human colostrum to provide immunological protection to the mammary gland. In addition, the absorption of immunoglobulins by infants provides passive immunity after birth, since the antibodies protect the newborn against infections (Wheeler et al., 2007). The major immunoglobulins in human milk are IgA, IgG1, IgG2 and IgM. IgG1 is the main immunoglobulin type in colostrum, whereas IgM, IgA and IgG2 are present at lower concentrations. Colostrum contains approximately 100-fold higher concentrations of immunoglobulins than bovine milk and total immunoglobulin concentration decreases progressively postpartum (Marnila and Korhonen, 2002). Both IgG and IgM antibodies have multiple functions including opsonisation (i.e. accentuating pathogens) to enhance phagocytosis, complement fixation for pathogen lysis, prevention of adhesion of pathogens to tissues, inhibition of microbial metabolism by blocking enzymes, agglutination of bacteria and neutralization of toxins and viruses. In contrast, secretory IgA is only involved in processes relevant to the gastrointestinal tract, such as agglutination of bacteria, prevention of microbial adhesion to the epithelial wall and neutralization of toxins and viruses. Thus, dietary immunoglobulins may provide additional protection to the newborn. Our products are gluten and trans fat free, with raw materials used in production, not containing genetically modified organisms (GMO).