GIS IRS-P6LISS-III . IRS-LISS III : 100. IRS-LISS III IRS-LISS III. GIS

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1 GIS 1390 Vol.3, No.3, Autumn 011 GIS Iranian Remote Sensing & GIS IRS-P6LISS-III 3 1 * /1/9 : 1390/8/14 : IRS-LISS III < IRS-LISS III... < <000 1: IRS-LISS III : khnaderi@yahoo.com :. : *

2 ..(Grossl & Sparks, 1995).. Mohammadi & Chitsaz, ) (1997).(00 (R ). Mn Ni Pb Zn Cu Cd 0/93 0/88 0/81 0/93 0/91 0/63 Fe (005). 0/86 Ni Zn As Pb Hg Cu Cr. Cr Cu Pb As Zn Hg Ni (009) (Mohammadi & Boyrahmadi, 008).(Rodriguez et al., 008).(Mohammadi & Boyrahmadi, 008) (Kabata & Pendias, 000) <10.(De Miguel et al., 1997).(Wang et al., 006).(Line et al., 1998) GIS

3 IRS-P6LISS-III < ( ) UP00H. (Sposito et al., 198) 4 7/ ( )..... IRS-LISS III (1 ) GIS

+.1 1.1 E sun ** 1846/8 1575/5 1087/3 36/7 Gain * offset * 0 0 0 0 IRS IRS3 IRS4 IRS5 :* WWW. USGS.gov :** L OffsetGain(B ) (1) 1 1 ( watt.m.sr. m ) : L = B :Gain :Offset.

4 E sun ** 1846/8 1575/5 1087/3 36/7 Gain * offset * IRS IRS3 IRS4 IRS5 :* WWW. USGS.gov :** L OffsetGain(B ) (1) 1 1 ( watt.m.sr. m ) : L = B :Gain :Offset. ().L.d E.cos Sun. () =d = = ( ) 1. Root Mean Square Error = Esun 1 (). -4- IRS-P6 LISS-III 4 3 ( 007 1) (GPS) 1 0/47 (RMSE).. (ILWIS 3.4) (1987) (L ) (1). GIS

5 IRS-P6LISS-III. (006) 150 (009) IRS (010) ETM+. (1997) (005).. (008) 1. Header IRS-P6 LISS-. III Statistica, ( ) (000) 50 (006) GIS

6 () ( ). (%) 98/ /74 99/69 18/ /659 03/787 08/388 30/ /36 45/086 31/5 19/65 136/5 131/ /5 417/3 3/701 9/634 31/403 90/ / /5 987/ /875 43/05 55/85 68/15 118/75 Zn <000 Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn <50 IRS ().3 Band 5 0/0-0/01 0/01-0/04-0/03 0/00 n.s n.s n.s n.s n.s n.s Band 4-0/9-0/30-0/7-0/30-0/7-0/6 Band 3-0/47-0/46-0/43-0/45-0/4-0/4 Band -0/54-0/5-0/49-0/51-0/47-0/48 Zn <000 Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn <50 P<0/05 : n.s ().4 Zn <000 mg kg -1 soil = (band ) (band 4) Zn mg kg -1 soil = (band ) (band 4) Zn mg kg -1 soil = (band ) (band 4) Zn mg kg -1 soil = (band ) (band 4) Zn mg kg -1 soil = (band ) (band 4) Zn <50 mg kg -1 soil = (band ) (band 4) (P<0.01) : F R 0 /4 0 /35 0 /34 0 /35 0 /30 0 /33 GIS

7 IRS-P6LISS-III.(3 ) 4 4. < <000. GIS

8 <50 < <50 < GIS

9 IRS-P6LISS-III < < :1. 1. (008) (1997) IRS 1. Under estimation. <000 <50.( 300). <50 <000. (1997) (00).. (008) GIS

10 .4 GIS

11 IRS-P6LISS-III -6 Acosta, J.A., Faz Cano, A., Arocena, J.M., Debela, F. and Martinez-Martinez, S., 009, Distribution of Metals in Soil Particle Size Fractions and Its Implication to Risk Assessment of Playgrounds in Murcia City (Spain), Geoderma, 149, Choe, E., Meer, F., Ruitenbeek, F., Werff, H., Smeth, B. and Kim, K., 008, Mapping of Heavy Metal Pollution in Stream Sediments Using Combined Geochemistry, Field Spectroscopy, and Hyperspectral Remote Sensing: A Case Study of the Rodalquilar Mining Area SE Spain, Remote Sensing of Environment,11, Choe, E., Kim, K.W., Bang, S., Yoon, I. and Lee, K.Y., 009, Qualitative Analysis and Mapping of Heavy Metals in an Abandoned Au-Ag Mine Area Using NIR Spectroscopy, Environmental Geology, 58, Dayani, M., Naderi, M., and Mohammadi, J., 010, Mapping Concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cd in Soils Using landsat ETM+ Data in Southern Isfahan, Journal of water and soil, 4, De Miguel, D., Llamas, J., Chacon, E., Berg, T., Larssen, S., Royset, O. and Vadset, M., 1997, Origin and Patterns of Distribution of Trace Elements in Street Dust: Unleaded Petrol and Urban Lead, Atmospheric Environment, 31, Grossl, P. R., and Sparks, D. L., 1995, Evaluation of Contamination Adsorption/desorption on Goethite Using Pressure Jump Relaxation Kinetics, Geoderma, 67, Herngren, L., Goonetilleke, A. and Ayoko., G.A., 006, Analysis of Heavy Metals in Road-Deposited Sediments, Analytica Chimica Acta, 571, Kabata-pendias, A., and Pendias, H. K., 000, Trace Elements in Soils and Plants, Publisher: CRC, Press, United States. 413 p. Kemper, T. and Sommer, S., 00, Estimate Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil After a Mining Accident using Reflectance Spectroscopy, Environmental Science and Technology, 36, Lin, Z.X., Harsbo, K., Ahlgren, M. and Qvarfort, U., 1998, The Source and Fate of Pb in Contaminated Soils at the Urban Area of Falun in Central Sweden, Science Total Environ, 09, Markham, B.L. and Barker, J.L., 1987, Thematic Mapper Bandpass Solar Exoatmospheric Irradiances, International Journal of Remote Sensing, Mohammadi, J. and Boyrahmadi, M., 008, Pedomedicine, Pelk, Tehran, 88 p. Mohammadi, J., and Chitsaz,V., 00, Comparison of Geostatistical Predictors and Linear Regression for Estimation Some Surface Soil Properties Using thematic Mapper Data, Journal of water and soil, 16, Rodriguez, J. A., Nanos, N., Grau, J. M., Gil, L. GIS

12 and Lopez-Arias, M., 008, Multiscale Analysis of Heavy metal Contents in Spanish Agricultural Topsoils, Chemosphere, 70, Sposito, G., Lund, L.J., and Chang, A.C., 198, Trace Metal Chemistry in Arid- zone Field Soils Amended Sewage Sludge: I. Fractionation of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb in Solid Phases, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 46, Stat Soft, Inc., STATISTICA, (data analysis software system), Version 6.0, 001. Wang, X., Qin, Y. and Chen, Y., 006, Heavy Metals in Urban Roadside Soils, Part 1: Effect of Particle Size Fractions on Heavy Metals Partitioning, Environmental Geology, 50, WWW. USGS.gov Yanzaho, W., Jun, C., Xinmin, W. and Qingjiu, T., 005, Possibilities of Reflectance Spectroscopy for Assessment of Contamination Element in Suburban Soil, Applied Geochemistry, 0, GIS

POSSIBLE SOURCE AND PATTERN DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS CONTENT IN URBAN SOIL AT KUALA TERENGGANU TOWN CENTER

The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 12, No 2 (2008): 458-467 POSSIBLE SOURCE AND PATTERN DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS CONTENT IN URBAN SOIL AT KUALA TERENGGANU TOWN CENTER Foo Toon Fong,