Characteristics of Life (Living Things)

Transcription

1 Unit 2: Biochemistry & the Cell Name: Date: Aim #11 Life Functions: What are the characteristics off living things? What are the main life processes? I. What makes something LIVING? 1. structures made of one or more 3. Use to maintain life processes, and Characteristics of Life (Living Things) 2. Maintains by reacting to and keeping a internal environment, even when the external environment changes dramatically. 4. Passes on information to new organisms through II. What makes something NONLIVING? They have no or They do not They cannot III. Important Vocabulary: 1. Organism: anything that has or once possessed 2. Cell: (Ex: A heart cell has a structure that allows it to contribute to the heart s function to keep pumping blood throughout the body) 3. Metabolism: all of the that occur within the of an organism 4. Homeostasis: the ability of an organism to to maintain a fairly even when the external environment. a. Failure to maintain homeostasis causes an organism to b. Ex:,, *IT IS IMPORTANT for organisms to MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS (BALANCE) because:

2 IV. Life Processes/Functions: M R S. R G R E N T PROCESS DEFINITION EXAMPLE Insects use wings to fly, plants Movement from one place to another grow towards sunlight Reproduction Production of (offspring) of the same type. *Organism s DO NOT need this to STAY alive. But they DO NEED THIS for the continuation of the species!* Sexual reproduction: 2 parents (humans) Asexual reproduction: 1 parent (bacteria dividing) Synthesis Combining substances to make complex molecules. These materials are (incorporated) into the body). *Think small (building blocks) large (macromolecules* Synthesizing proteins (ex: enzymes) needed for life processes Respiration Growth Taking the stored in food and it into energy available for use by * All living things carry out some form of respiration!* An in (mass) or Eating food whose energy gets converted into a usable form of energy (ATP) that the cells of organisms can use Growing from being infants to adults; growing 7 inches; 4 cells dividing into 8 cells Regulation Excretion and of an organism s activities in response to environmental (changes) Stimuli: any in the environment that causes an organism to react. Response: An organism s to a change in the external or internal environment The of metabolic products (products made from the life functions). Shivering when it s cold, sweating when it s hot, getting up from your seat when you hear the fire alarm Removal of liquids (urine, sweat) and gases (carbon dioxide and oxygen) Nutrition & materials needed for other activities. (take in food digest food absorb building blocks waste) Organisms obtain or make their own food so the nutrients can be transported around the body Transport The & (distribution) of materials within an organism Absorb: substances taken into cells or fluids of organisms Circulation: materials distributed within the organism Materials like oxygen and smaller molecules (amino acids, simple sugars) are transported into blood and carried to different parts of the body

3 V. Living or Nonliving?: Give at least 3 reasons why the following are living or nonliving. Use the life processes in your answers Item Ex: Human Dog Living or Nonliving? Ex: Living Explanation 1) composed of cells 2) increase in size 3) reproduce 1) 2) 3) Tree 1) 2) 3) Desk 1) 2) 3) The Martian and the Car: Read the following passage. While reading, search for evidence that supports the car being a living thing and evidence that does not support the car being nonliving. Write your pieces of evidence in the chart below DEFENSE ATTORNEY (the car is living) 1. PROSECUTOR (the car is nonliving)

4 Life Functions Review Directions: In the spaces to the right of each definition, write the name of the life process defined and the # of the matching example. Growth Excretion Development Evolution (change over time) Reproduction Homeostasis Respiration Transport Synthesis Nutrition Definition Life Process Ex # Examples A. The removal of waste Excretion 4 1. Building a complex carbohydrate out of a simple sugar. B. An increase in cell size or cell number. Growth 6 2. Oxygen is carried in the blood to all the parts of the body. C. The creation of complex substances. D. The movement of substances within an organism. E. The production of new organisms. F. Maintenance of a constant internal environment G. The intake and breakdown of food H. The release of energy from the breakdown of food. I. The change in the structure of an organism throughout its life time. J. The change in the types of organism that are alive. Synthesis 1 3. Proteins are broken down into amino acids when we digest them. Transport 2 4. When we breathe, we breathe out carbon dioxide and water vapor. Reproduction 7 5. Body temperature stays at about 37 C regardless of the weather. Homeostasis 5 6. A child grows 4 cm in a year. Nutrition 3 7. The deer population of an area doubles over a period of time. Respiration 8 8. Sugar provides the energy for all the chemical reactions in the body. Development Millions of years ago, horses were 5 times smaller and had toes. Evolution Caterpillars transform into Butterflies after they pupate. ****What do we call all the chemical reactions that occur inside of an organism? **** 1. Describe the difference between metabolism and digestion. 2. Describe the difference between respiration and breathing. 3. Describe the difference between transport and movement.

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