Updates on Development of Nutritious Staple Crops in Nigeria

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1 Updates on Development of Nutritious Staple Crops in Nigeria Amah D, Aina O, Parkes E, Wende M, Alamu E, Menkir A, Maziya-Dixon B, Rabbi I, Dixon A, Swennen R, Egesi C and Kulakow P A4NH Session, Nutrition Society of Nigeria 4 th AGM and Scientific Conference, University of Ibadan, Nigeria September, 2017

2 Vitamin A Deficiency 250 million tropics, 240million in Africa 20% lactating 28% pregnant Vitamin A Deficiency in Africa and the World Source: FAO, 2015

3 Breeding Focus Cassava, maize and plantain important staples identified as vehicles for vitamin A Conventional breeding Target: 15 µg/g fr wt. TC Initial target 6 and 10 µg/g fr wt. for 1 st and 2 nd wave Other important traits; high and stable yields dry matter disease and pest resistance processing and culinary traits etc.

4 Breeding Activities Parental identification (local and exotic) Hybridization and selection Multi location evaluation and testing of PVA varieties and hybrids Registration and release Seed production and dissemination of released PVA varieties Lab confirmation of PVA levels in collaboration with IITA nutrition unit Crop breeding cycle Cassava: 7-8 years Maize: 6-8 years Banana: years

5 Breeding Progress - Cassava TC > 20 µg/g fr.wt (in breeding materials) Parkes et al Breeding for enhanced provitamin A levels in cassava roots in Nigeria. European Nutrition Conference (FENS), Berlin, Germany, Parkes et al Heterosis and combining ability of six pro-vitamin A cassava genotypes under optimal growing environments ( ISTRC-AB 13 Symposium 6-10 March 2017)

6 Released Varieties - Cassava Biofortified cassava varieties released in Nigeria Variety Name TCC Year of Fresh Root Dry Matter (µg/g fr. wt.) Release Yield (t/ha) (%) IITA-TMS-IBA Umucass 36 IITA-TMS-IBA Umucass 37 IITA-TMS-IBA Umucass 38 NR Umucass 44 IITA-TMS-IBA Umucass 45 IITA-TMS-IBA Umucass

7 Breeding Progress - Maize Carotenoid concentrations of diverse inbred lines derived from bi-parental crosses, backcrosses, and other populations assayed in 2014 Provitamin A (μg/g) β-carotene (μg/g)

8 Breeding Progress - Maize Regional trials: Sources of promising OPVs and hybrids for further testing in NPTs and on-farm trials Supply seeds of promising OPVs, parental lines of hybrids and hybrid to support national performance and on-farm trials 350 OPVs 200 Inbreds Hybrids Quantity of seed (kg) Quantity of seed (kg)

9 Released Varieties - Maize Biofortified maize varieties released-nigeria Variety Year of release YLD (t/ha) PVA content (ppm) Ife-hybrid Ife-hybrid Sammaz Sammaz Sammaz Sammaz Sammaz YLD advantage over the check (%) Sammaz

10 Breeding Progress - Banana HarvestPlus project re-initiated introduction and evaluation of germplasm Plantains: French, false horn, horn top plantains >16 µg/g TC (pva >10) Plantain hybrids: 3x and 4x top hybrids > 10 µg/g TC (pva >6) Diploid cultivars: introduced top cultivars > 20 µg/g TC (pva >12) up to 35 µg/g (pva 24.1)

11 Green Ripe Over ripe Breeding Progress - Banana Study on carotenoid variation during ripening Representative accessions of 3 plantain types sampled at green, ripe and over ripe stages Preliminary results tend to show a declining trend in TC and pva content during ripening Retention studies planned for various modes of preparation raw fruit boiled fried

12 Retention Study - Cassava True micronutrient retention (%) of cassava products prepared from fresh storage roots of three elite yellow-fleshed cassava clones % nutrient retention Total carotene β-carotene Iron Zinc Boil Raw fufu Cooked fufu Gari chips Processed product Highest nutrient retention in boiled roots

13 Retention Study - Maize Pro-vitmain A (ug/g) Fresh Without husk With husk Boiling HY-6 HY-7 HY-5 HY-4 CHC Pro-vitmain A (ug/g) Fresh Without husk With husk Roasting HY-6 HY-7 HY-5 HY-4 CHC

14 Efficacy Trials - Maize Summary of findings Beta-carotene from the maize is bioavailable: as Beta-carotene from the biofortified maize was absorbed, increasing serum beta-carotene levels by ~0.3 μmol/l on average Biofortified maize improved (based on stable isotope) or maintained (based on serum retinol) vitamin A status despite a high burden of malaria, infection and other stresses in real life settings Biofortified maize is a safe and effective intervention for vitamin A deficiency control

15 Efficacy Trials - Cassava Kenya trial Daily consumption of yellow cassava significantly increases serum retinol and β-carotene concentrations in children and is a promising and new approach to controlling vitamin A deficiency Nigeria Study conducted in Osun State in 2015 and data obtained is being analyzed

16 THANK YOU!!

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