Ms. Golub & Ms. Sahar Date: Unit 2- Test #1

Transcription

1 Name Ms. Golub & Ms. Sahar Date: Unit 2- Test #1 1. The interaction between guard cells and a leaf opening would not be involved in A) diffusion of carbon dioxide B) maintaining homeostasis C) heterotrophic nutrition D) feedback mechanisms 2. The use of CO2 and H2O by a geranium plant to synthesize glucose illustrates the process of A) autotrophic nutrition B) heterotrophic nutrition C) protein production D) carbohydrate hydrolysis 3. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents some processes occurring in the leaf of a plant. Which equation illustrates a process of nutrition carried out within the leaf? A) B + D A + C B) A + C A + B + D C) B + C A + D D) A + B + D B + C

2 4. The diagram below represents a change in guard cells that open and close pores in a plant. This change directly helps to A) increase heterotrophic nutrition B) absorb minerals C) regulate water loss D) reduce seed production 5. The diagram below represents a cross section of a plant structure. 8. Glucose molecules are the building blocks of what class of macromolecule? A) Proteins B) Lipids C) Nucleotides D) Carbohydrates 9. In plants, simple sugars are least likely to be A) linked together to form proteins B) broken down into carbon dioxide and water C) used as a source of energy D) stored in the form of starch molecules Which letter indicates the region where most autotrophic nutrition takes place? A) A B) B C) C D) D 6. Scientists studying ocean organisms are discovering new and unusual species. Which observation could be used to determine that an ocean organism is a plant cell? A) Chloroplasts are visible inside the cells. B) Digestive organs are visible upon dissection. C) The organism lives close to the surface. D) The organism makes molecules that help digest food. 7. Water is classified as an inorganic compound because it A) does not contain carbon B) does not contain nitrogen C) contains hydrogen D) contains oxygen

3 10. Some structural formulas of organic molecules are shown below. 14. In living organisms, lipids function mainly as A) sources of stored energy and transmitters of genetic information B) sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes C) transmitters of genetic information and catalysts of chemical reactions D) catalysts of chemical reactions and components of cellular membranes 15. Base your answer to the following question on the chart below which gives incomplete information about certain biochemical reactions and on your knowledge of biology. Which structural formulas represent carbohydrate molecules? A) 1 and 5 B) 2 and 4 C) 3 and 2 D) 4 and Which process is represented by the reactions illustrated in the diagram below? A) hydrolysis B) dehydration synthesis C) chemical digestion D) absorption 12. What are the end products of the hydrolysis of a polysaccharide? A) simple sugars B) amino acids C) fatty acids D) nucleotides 13. What is the major component of plasma membranes? A) Lipids B) Carbohydrates C) Nucleotides D) Proteins The enzyme represented by letter C is known as A) ATPase B) lipase C) sucrase D) amylase 16. Amino acids are the building blocks of which class of macromolecules? A) Proteins B) Lipids C) Carbohydrates D) Nucleotides 17. Enzymes are produced as a direct result of which process? A) protein synthesis B) photosynthesis C) respiration D) enzymatic hydrolysis 18. The function of most proteins depends primarily on the A) type and order of amino acids B) environment of the organism C) availability of starch molecules D) nutritional habits of the organism

4 19. Which organic molecule is correctly paired with an end product of its digestion? A) nucleic acid-glycerol B) carbohydrate-fatty acid C) protein-amino acid D) lipid-nucleotide 20. Compound X increases the rate of the reaction shown below. Compound X is most likely A) an enzyme B) a lipid molecule C) an indicator D) an ADP molecule 21. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents a chemical reaction that occurs in the human body, and on your knowledge of biology. Which statement describes a characteristic of molecule Z? A) Molecule Z will function at any temperature above 20 C. B) Molecule Z is composed of a string of molecular bases represented by A, T, G, and C) Molecule Z will function best at a specific ph. D) Molecule Z is not specific, so this reaction can be controlled by any other chemical in the body.

5 22. Experiments revealed the following information about a certain molecule: It can be broken down into amino acids. It can break down proteins into amino acids. It is found in high concentrations in the small intestine of humans. This molecule is most likely A) an enzyme B) an inorganic compound C) a hormone D) an antigen 23. Base your answer to the following question on the information and graph below and on your knowledge of biology. The ph of the internal environment of lysosomes (organelles that contain digestive enzymes) is approximately 4.5, while the ph of the surrounding cytoplasm is approximately 7. The average ph of the human stomach during digestion is approximately 2.5, while the average ph of the small intestine during digestion is about 8. The graph below shows how ph affects the enzyme activity of four different enzymes, A, B, C, and D. Which enzyme functions best in a ph environment most similar to that of human stomach enzymes? A) A B) B C) C D) D 24. Chemicals that help chemical reactions occur at faster rates in living organisms are known as A) biotic resources B) simple sugars C) oxygen molecules D) organic catalysts 25. The distortion (change in shape) of enzyme molecules which occurs at high temperatures is known as A) synthesis B) specificity C) replication D) denaturation

6 26. Which factor would have the least effect on the rate at which an enzyme breaks down starch? A) the ph of the solution in which the reaction is occurring B) the concentrations of starch and enzyme C) the temperature at which the reaction is taking place D) the wavelength of light illuminating the reaction 27. An enzyme and four different molecules are shown in the diagram below. Which molecules would this enzyme most likely affect in a reaction? A) molecule A, only B) molecule C, only C) molecules B and D D) molecules A and C 28. The enzyme salivary amylase will act on starch, but not on protein. This action illustrates that salivary amylase A) contains starch B) is not reusable C) is chemically specific D) lacks protein 29. In the enzyme-controlled reaction represented by the word equation below, which molecules are considered the substrate? monosaccharide + monosaccharide disaccharide + water A) monosaccharide and monosaccharide B) disaccharide and water C) monosaccharide and water D) monosaccharide and disaccharide

7 30. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and your knowledge of Biology. Nutrients in a diet, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals, play an important role in homeostasis within the human body. Lack of these nutrients can lead to malfunctions that disrupt this internal balance. Explain how diet can influence homeostasis. In your answer, be sure to: Describe, using one specific example, how a decrease in this nutrient can alter homeostasis Nutrient: 31. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. If the sequence of building blocks were changed, what effect could it most likely have on the protein? 32. The diagram below represents stages in the digestion of an organic compound. Explain why substance X would not be likely to digest a different organic compound.

8 Answer Key Unit 2- Photosyn/macros/enzymes 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. A 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. B 16. A 17. A 18. A 19. C 20. A 21. C 22. A 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. Decreased levels of carbohydrates might result in fatigue/less energy. Lack of protein in the diet might lead to muscle loss/enzyme deficiency. Lack of minerals might cause loss of bone density. 31. The shape of the protein could change. The function of the protein could be different. It might form a different protein. 32. Examples: A different organic compound would have a different shape. A different organic compound would not fit with substance X. The active site of X does not fit a different substrate. Substance X is specific to only certain materials.