Cytospora canker management. Dr. Ramesh Pokharel Western Colorado Research Center Colorado State University

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1 Cytospora canker management Dr. Ramesh Pokharel Western Colorado Research Center Colorado State University

2 No chemical is registered for Cytospora Captan 50wp; 2lbs/100 gal water Rovral 50wp; 2lb/100 gal water Topsin M 85WDG; 6oz/100 gal water Calcium propionate; lbs anhydrous salt/100 gal They were effective in excised peach twig BUT WHAT ABOUT IN THE FIELD?

3 2008 chemicals & oils Chemical treatments: Alcohol % in water 25, 50 and 75 Captan in alcohol: water 25, 50 and 75 Topsim M in alcohol: water 25, 50 and 75 Pristine in alcohol: water 25, 50 and 75 Non-chemical treatments: Mustard oil 10 and 25 % Neem Oil 5 and 10% Clove oil 2 and 4% Cinnamon oil 2 and 4% Camphor oil 2 and 4% Thyme oil 2 and 4% Water - Alcohol - Used pentabark to increase chemicals penetration inside the bark of a tree.

4 Benlate in water and alcohol

5

6

7 Inspire might control

8 Tank mix of chemicals Captan, Agrifos Benlate Different ratios Inconsistent results

9

10

11 NON-CHEMICAL OPTIONS Orchard Management strategies: Irrigation Irrigate as per need (avoid too much or less) Frequent and small amount of water Provide last heavy irrigation to provide enough water for winter Avoid wetting trunk or limb

12

13 Fertilization: Check your plant nutrients in soil and leaf Provide balance nutrients Balance N in the soil (Deficiency or excess causes problem) Late N in fall induces cold susceptibility Apply adequate K which provides resistance Correct Yellow peach Syndrome by Fe, Mn and Zn application

14 Pruning Delay until fist forecast of warm, dry weather forecast; prune late Quicker the wound heals less chances of infection Avoid large cuts early in the season; require more time to heal Always make slat cut leaving some stumps Remove infected, dead and burn the source Do not put brush pile near the orchard

15

16 Brassica spp of plants contain isothiocyanate A. Poultices of soaked Canola (B. napus) seed meal + ground leaf material 1:1 Brown mustard (Brassica juncea), Yellow mustard (B. hirta), Horseradish (Armoricia rusticana) root and leaf B. Terpene based Proprietary materials from Eden International All together six product tested

17 HOW TO APPLY IN LARGE SETTINGS?

18 Non-chemical treatments 2008 : Mustard oil 10 and 25 % Neem Oil 5 and 10% Clove oil 2 and 4% Cinnamon oil 2 and 4% Camphur oil 2 and 4% Thyme oil 2 and 4% Water - Alcohol -

19

20 2009 oils and chemicals Castor oil 5% Cinnamon oil 2% Clove oil 2% Mustard oil 25% Listerine as such Topsin M water only Inspire, low con. Inspire, medium con. Inspire, high con. Water + Latex paint Benlate 50:50 water & alcohol Topsin M 50:50 water & alcohol

21 Mustard oil stopped the gum production in peach and in cherry in 2009 Cherry Peach

22 Effect of soil health and induce resistance 2008 Soil health Mulch Canola meal cake Canola meal cake + Mulch Control Plant Health study Actigard Topsin M Actigard+Topsin M Control No Cytospora is seen in treated trees

23 Conclusion of study Clove oil, mustard and thyme oil were effective but not consistent Mustard oil was better than clove oil or thyme oil AVAILABILITY and inconsistent result Chemicals did not produce consistent results Different carrier and tank-mix WHY If hey were effective in Lab test Inspire might work Needs more work

24 Fungus Consider these points active at o F and >90 humidity Active year around Repeated infection occurs In summer and early fall present in inside Phloem and some in xylem Winter and early spring on tree Bark Trees are more susceptible during dormancy Trees in March to June are vulnerable

25 HOW TO PROCCED FURTHER?? At planting, check for infection Monitor trees 3-4 times in a year Treat first infected tree when you observe it Adopt proper way of pruning, fertilization, irrigation and avoid tree damage If you are in cold pocket, plant cold tolerant varieties only Please remember

26 Start treating

27 Do not let it happen

28 Do not let it happen

29 HOW TO PROCCED FURTHER?? Start treating single infection Scrub off the gum, remove some bark & apply control

30 How to conti.. Protect your crops when they are vulnerable Leaf Fall: apply systemic fungicide Winter: Apply protective chemicals during winter, mix penta bark to help penetration Pruning: Protective chemicals before pruning & curative after pruning Apply chemicals once at early spring: systemic During summer: Apply soil drench with system fungicide Watch for rain events and apply chemicals after trunk wetting rain

31 Do not put you and your neighbors in trouble BY BUILDING INOCULUM IN YOUR ORACRD

32 Thank you

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