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1 ISSN: X CODEN: IJPTFI Available Online through Research Article TOTAL PHENOLIC & TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT OF BOUGAINVILLEA GLABRA CHOISY AND CALFORINA GOLD FLOWER EXTRACTS Neha Sahu* and Dr. Jyoti Saxena Department of chemistry Sarojini Naidu Government Girls (Post Graduate Autonomous) College, Shivaji Nagar, Bhopal (M.P) Received on Accepted on Abstract Bougainvillea is a very common ornamental plant grown almost all over the world in tropical and subtropical gardens. In this study, bract and flower parts of two different color paper flowers (Bougainvillea spp.), i.e. yellow and pink were investigated for phenolic content and flavonoid content. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of the bougainvillea glabra choisy and calforina gold flower extracts was determined by using the Folin- Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) method. The total phenolic content was found to be µg ml -1, µg ml -1 respectively however the flavonoid content was 93.11µg ml -1,73.96µg ml -1 for bougainvillea flower extract. Phenolic acids and flavonoids function as reducing agents and free radical scavengers From the research, it was concluded that the Flowers and bract of bougainvillea being rich in phenolics and flavonoid may provide a good source of antioxidant for treating ailments where oxidative stress is implicated as these flowers as potential sources of bioactive components with high antioxidant properties that may be of interest to consumers and public health workers Keywords: antioxidant; extraction; paper flower; phenolic compound. Introduction Bougainvillea glabra is a colourful flower in front of houses and in office and on walls and fences. Paper flowers (Bougainvillea spp.) are popular plants and they have varies colorful flowers such as white, yellow, orange, red, pink or purple which are commonly found inall over world. It belongs to the family Nyctaginaceae which has ten species, hut only three species B, spectabilis, B. glabra and B. peruiana are horticulturally important. The bougainvillea flower is a true, perfect flower that is surrounded by showy, vibrant bracts the colourful bracts are in facts, not petals but modified IJPT July-2013 Vol. 5 Issue No Page 5581

2 leaves, adapted to attract pollinators to the colourless and scentless flowers residing on the upper surface (Kobayashi et al., 2007). Many reports indicate that flowers contain phenolic compounds and also have antioxidant activity as well (Wybranieca et al., 2010; Yin et al., 2011). Phenolic compounds are a large and diverse group of phytochemicals, which includes many different families of aromatic secondary metabolites in plants (Harborne & Williams, 2000). They exist in three forms, namely, free, soluble conjugated and insoluble bound; this last form is found in dietary fiber (Sosulski, Krygier, & Hogge, 1982). They are known to exert various physiological effects in humans, such as inhibiting platelet aggregation (Daniel, Meier, Schlatter, & Frischknecht, 1999), reducing the risk of coronary heart disease and cancer and preventing oxidative damage of lipid and low-density lipoprotein (Morton, Abu-Amsha, Puddey, & Croft, 2000; Shahidi, 2000; Shui & Leong, 2006). Phenolic compounds have strong in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities associated with their ability to scavenge free radicals, break radical chain reactions and chelate metals (Shahidi & Naczk, 2004). Increased consumption of phenolic compounds has been correlated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and certain cancers (Barreira, Ferreira, Oliveira, & Pereira, 2008). Flavonoids and other classes of phenolic compounds are important phytochemicals (Johnson, 2001; Meyers, Watkins, Pritts, & Liu, 2003). Flavonoids are very effective antioxidants (Yanishlieva-Maslarova, 2001) that constitute a large group of naturally occurring plant phenolic compounds including flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, flavonones and chalcones. Flavonoids contain a characteristic C6 C3 C6 structure, with free hydroxyl groups attached to aromatic rings, and they inhibit lipid oxidation by scavenging free radicals or by other mechanisms such as singlet oxygen quenching, metal chelation, and lipoxygenase inhibition (Yanishlieva-Maslarova, 2001). Many plant phenolics exhibiting antioxidant properties have been studied and proposed for protection against oxidation (Oktay, Guloin, & Kufrevioglu, 2003; Van der Sluis, Dekker, Skrede, & Jongen, 2002). Natural antioxidants occur in all parts of the plant (wood, bark, stems, pods, leaves, fruit, roots, flowers, pollen, and seeds) (Pratt, 1992). Flower is an important part of plant which contains a great variety of natural antioxidants, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanin and many other phenolic compounds Kaur, Alamb, Jabbar, Javed, & Athar, 2006; Youwei Jinlian, & Yonghong, 2008). IJPT July-2013 Vol. 5 Issue No Page 5582

3 Material and Methods Neha Sahu* et al. International Journal Of Pharmacy & Technology Bougainvillea glabra choisy and Bougainvillea California gold flower along with bracts were collected from Guru Govind Singh nursery, Bhopal.The flower were removed from stalk and weight was taken then the flower were dried under shade at room temperature. Then the flowers were powdered and weights of powdered were taken and the powders were stored in sterile container for further use Extraction Preparation Then dried powder was taken into soxhlet apparatus for 72 hr according to successive Solvent extraction using hydroalcohlic (50:50) solvent.afterwards, the solvents were removed and the extracts obtained were stored Determination of Total Phenolic Content The total phenolic content was determined according to the method of Velioglu et al. using Gallic acid as the standard. Gallic acid was used as a standard for determining the phenol content by the Folin Ciocalteau method. The results were reported in Gallic acids equivalents (GAE) per g of sample. All the measurements were taken in triplicate and means and standard deviation values were calculated Determination of Total Flavonoids Total flavonoids content was determined by using the Aluminium chloride colorimetric method as described by Willet, with some modifications. Cathechin was used to make the calibration curve. The calculation of total flavonoids content in the extracts was carried out in triplicate and the results were averaged. Results and Discussion Calibration curve of tannic acid IJPT July-2013 Vol. 5 Issue No Page 5583

4 Table-1: Absorbance of tannic acid at different concentrations. S. no Concentration (mg/ml) Absorbance Total phenolic content in different flower of bougainvillea glabra flowers absorbance Total phenolic content Choisy Calforina glod Total flavonoid content in different flower of bougainvillea glabra Acknowledgement flower absorbance Total flavonoid content Choisy California glod The author expresses gratitude Prof. Dr. Jyoti Saxena Department of chemistry, S.N.G.G.C. College Bhopal, CMBT Laboratory and SIRT pharmacy department Bhopal for FTIR analysis facility and for UV-Vis analysis facility and kind support. Reference: 1. Wybranieca S, Jerzb G, Gebersb N, Winterhalterb P. (2010) Ion-pair high-spped countercurrent chromatography in fractionation of a high-molecular weight variation of acyl-oligosaccharide linked betacyanins from purple bracts of Bougainvelleaglabra. J Chromatograph B. 878: Harborne, J. B., & Williams, C. A. (2000). Advances in flavonoid research since Phytochemistry, 55, Sosulski, F., Krygier, K., & Hogge, L. (1982). Free, esterified, and insoluble bound phenolic acids. 3. Composition of phenolic acids in cereal and potato flours. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 30, Shahidi, F., & Naczk, M. (2004). Phenolics in food and nutraceuticals. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. IJPT July-2013 Vol. 5 Issue No Page 5584

5 5. Morton, L. W., Abu-Amsha, C., Puddey, I. B., & Croft, K. D. (2000). Chemistry and biological effects of dietary phenolic compounds: Relevance to cardiovascular diseases. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 27, Daniel, O., Meier, M. S., Schlatter, J., & Frischknecht, P. (1999). Selected phenolic compounds in cultivated plants: ecologic functions, health implications, and modulation by pesticides. Environmental Health Perspectives, 107, Barreira, J. C. M., Ferreira, I. C. F. R., Oliveira, B. M. P. P., & Pereira, J. A. (2008). Antioxidant activities of the extracts from chestnut flower, leaf, skins and fruit. Food Chemistry, 107, Yanishlieva-Maslarova, N. V. (2001). Inhibiting oxidation. In J. Pokorny, N. Yanishlieva, & M. H. Gordon (Eds.), Antioxidants in food: Practical applications (pp ). Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Limited. 9. Oktay, M., Guloin, I., & Kufrevioglu, O. I. (2003). Determination of in vitro antioxidant activity of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed extracts. LWT Food Science and Technology, 36, Pratt, D. E. (1992). Natural antioxidants from plant material. In I. M. T. Huang, C. T. Ho, & C. Y. Lee (Eds.), Phenolic compounds in food and their effects on health. New York: American Chemical Society (pp ). 11. Kaur, G., Alamb, M. S., Jabbar, Z., Javed, K., & Athar, M. (2006). Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Cassia siamea flowers. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 108, Van der Sluis, A. A., Dekker, M., Skrede, G., & Jongen, W. M. F.(2002). Activity and concentration of polyphenolic antioxidants in apple juice. I. Effect of existing production methods. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, Kobayashi D K, McConnell J, Griffis J (2007). Bougainvillea. Available from the Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, published by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources Ornamentals and Flowers OF-38: (Tpc) [7] Y.S. Velioglu, G. Mazza, L. Gao and B.D. Omah: J. Agri. Food Chem. Vol. 46 (1998), p Corresponding Author: Neha Sahu* and Dr. Jyoti Saxena nehasa88@gmail.com IJPT July-2013 Vol. 5 Issue No Page 5585