Overview of the Ethanol Industry and Co-Products
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1 Overview of the Ethanol Industry and Co-Products Matthew L. Gibson, Ph.D. Mark Giesemann, Ph.D. Kip Karges, Ph.D. Reciprocal Meat Conference Brookings, SD June 20, 2007
2 Overview Birds-eye View 1. Fuel Ethanol Industry Very brief Production 2. Feed Products Current Products New / Future
3 Introduction Fuel Ethanol Industry
4 Nomenclature Distillers Dried Grains w/ Solubles D D G / S
5 Dry Grind, Fuel Process 2006 Dakota Gold Marketing
6 Modern, Dry-grind, Fuel Ethanol Plant 2006 Dakota Gold Marketing
7 Industry Organizations (A Selected Few ) Renewable Fuels Association American Coalition for Ethanol National Ethanol Vehicle Coalition
8 Fuel Ethanol Plants MidWest Operating 132 Construction , Sites: DTN, May 18, 07 Current Production: RFA, Broin and Associates, Inc. 67
9 Ethanol Production USA Billion Gallons RFS '79-'80 '84-'85 '89-'90 '94-'95 '99-'00 '04-'05 '09-'10 '14-'15 Growth: Dry Grind * Adapted from PRX Digest, page 42, May 12, 2007
10 Uses of Fuel Ethanol Brief Overview Renewable Fuel E-85 Octane Booster ~ 113 Oxygenate Replaces MTBE Small Engine E-10 Marine E-10 Automotive E-10 & E-85 Aviation AGE-85
11 USA Protein Availability '04 - '05 '05 - ' DDG/S Surpasses Cotton and Canola Million Metric Tons DDGS Cotton Canola SBM
12 DDG/S Production USA Million Tons Growth: Dry Grind Actual Projected '95-'96 '96-'97 '97-'98 '98-'99 '99-'00 '00-'01 '01-'02 '02-'03 '03-'04 '04-'05 '05-'06 '06-'07 '07-'08 '08-'09 '09-'10 '10-'11 '11-'12 '12-'13 '13-'14 '14-'15 '15-'16 * Adapted from PRX Digest, page 42, May 12, 2007
13 WHAT IS IN A BUSHEL OF CORN 1 = 1 / 3 1 / 3 1 / 3
14 DDG/S Rule O Thumb Nutrient Balance: Corn x 3
15 Quality & Nutrition
16 General Definitions New / Golden Old / Brown Reduced Maillard Browning Increasing non-ruminant usage Extensive Maillard Browning Little non-ruminant usage Grain: From: Corn Fuel Grains: Corn & Mixed From: Fuel & Potable
17 Define Product Nutrients / Quality How do we measure?
18 DDG/S Variability Selected Nutrients Source Nutrient* Industry-wide Source DG CP 30.1 (2.6) 30.7 (1.2) Fat 11.5 (3.5) 11.9 (0.7) ADICP 28.9 (11.7) 8.2 (2.3) NE L 1.93 (0.14) 2.19 (0.04) P 0.88(0.14) 0.70 (0.10) * Mean (Std Dev) Robinson, 2004
19 * Dakota Gold Brand Only Not Industry-wide values Dakota Gold* Nutrient Database Over 1,700 Analyses > 600 New Crop Values Listed Proximate Analysis Energy Values Fiber Fractions Amino Acids Minerals Trace Minerals
20 # 2 Yellow Corn
21 Mycotoxins Concentrated 3X from Corn Are not destroyed during process Fermentation Drying Yearly & Geographical Variation Of Note Aflatoxins, Fumonisins, DON, Zearalenone
22 Mycotoxin Testing Procedures Corn S-ELISA 2 Suppliers HPLC DDG/S AOAC Lab HPLC S-ELISA?
23 Energy Nutrition 1 ME-S Values, kcal/kg 2 Exp. 1 Exp. 2 Mean Grower 4,707 2,983 3,845 Finisher 4,191 3,428 3,810 Mean 4,449 3,206 3,828 NRC 3,032 1 Spiehs, et al., U MN 2 DMB
24 Energy Nutrition 1 ME-S Values, kcal/lb 2 Ingredient NRC DGRA Corn 3,842 3,864 DDGS 3,032 3,940 1 Allee, DMB
25 Corn Protein New Crop 03 04
26 Amino Acid Nutrition Dakota Gold LYS* Crop Yr x s n > > > > 200 *AFB
27 Lysine Digestibility Swine Digestibility Trials Source LYS TOT DC LYS DIG NRC Old MNSD SD Low SD High Whitney et al, Stein et al, 2006
28 Chick AA Digestibility Ergul, et al 1 (cont.) Digestible LYS 0.38 L* = 41.8 b* = L* = 53.8 b* = PSA, 2003
29 Variability in Color Batal & Dale Digestible LYS 0.18 L* = 50.4 b* = L* = 60.3 b* = PSA, 2006
30 Phosphorus Bioavailability Gold Standard * Methods Swine Slope Ratio Assay Comparison: MSP (NaH 2 PO 4 ) Fibula: Ash & Breaking Bioavailability Native: 85 % Phytase: 100 % * Allee and Fent, 2005
31 Fat Analysis Corn 1 DDG/S 2 C16: C18:1 cis C18:2 cis Ω Ω Unsat:Sat I Value FFA 0? 10 1 NRC 2 DGRA
32 New Processes & New Technology
33 2005 Broin and Associates, Inc.
34 Conventional vs BPX Conventional L* 52 a* 11 b* 39 L* 51 a* 15 b* 44
35 Advantages Physical Characteristics Improved Handling Flowability, Transport, Storage Enhanced Pelleting Increased Density Chemical Characteristics Heat Damage Improved Nutrition
36 Bio-refinery Concept
37 Dakota Gold HP DDG
38 Process Flow: Ingredient Origin* Whole Corn Dry Milling FF Germ Bran Endosperm Fermentation Dry Corn Germ Dehydrated Hi-Pro DDG Syrup Blend Dakota Bran (Bran & Syrup) * Feed Products in Red
39 Dakota Gold HP Crude Protein 43.0 Crude Fat 4.3 LYS 1.4 MET 1.2 CYS 1.6 Phos 0.5
40 Corn Germ Dehydrated Crude Protein 17.5 Crude Fat 20.0 LYS 0.8 MET 0.3 CYS 0.5 Phos 1.7
41 Energy Nutrition 1 ME-S Values, kcal/kg 2 Ingredient NRC DGRA Corn 3,842 3,864 DDG/S 3,032 3,940 Dakota Gold HP - 4,049 Corn Germ Dehy - 4,504 1 Allee, DMB
42 Summary Ethanol Industry Explosive Growth New Technologies Distillers Grains Source of Nutrients Quality Issues New Products
43 Any Questions?
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