Marine source proteins and oils in pet food: Nutrition, health, and shelf-life considerations for successful application

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1 Marine source proteins and oils in pet food: Nutrition, health, and shelf-life considerations for successful application Dr Greg Aldrich Your essential event for networking and information

2 Marine source proteins and oils in pet food: Nutrition, health, and shelf-life considerations for successful application. Greg Aldrich Kansas State University Grain Science & Industry Pet Food Program 23Oct2017_IFFO

3 Learning Outcomes Gain an understanding for the size and scope of the pet food industry Gain perspective for the trends and drivers for pet food products Learn about details associated with use of marine sourced proteins and fats in pet food

4 Pets and Pet Food US $69.36 B pet supplies, $ B Pet Food (2017 APPA) $235 per year spent on food for dogs/cats Estimated 8.5 MMT - $1 billion export Global Pet Food $ 56 billion 4% growth (Packaged Facts, 2011) Pet food manufacturing jobs 22,420 (US; BLS March 2014) 50,000 (FEDIAF, 2010)

5 Paradigm Shift Barnyard security Furry child

6 Pet Food Trends/Market Pressures Increased offerings of high protein low carbohydrate grain-free diets Growth in minimally processed, fresh, refrigerated-frozen, raw, and freeze dried diets Increasing number of limited ingredient and novel ingredient diets Expanding NO list (no corn, wheat, soy, beef, byproducts, beet pulp, potato, etc.) Increased drive for natural/non-synthetic, domestic (non- China), and species specific ingredients Demand by retailers and distributors for longer shelf-life Expanding life-stage, breed, (in)activity targeted, and special purpose foods

7 Fish Meal - Popular Fish meal has been popular with pet owners for decades High degree of name recognition High quality protein Beneficial levels of fatty acids

Protein Meals Protein Fat Ash H 2 O Fish meal 65-75 12-15 11-19 4 Poultry 62-71 12-15

8 Protein Meals Protein Fat Ash H 2 O Fish meal Poultry Beef, Pork, Lamb Soy Corn

9 Protein quality of various proteins FISH CK-NECK LM S-LUNG P-LUNG B-LUNG P-LIV PBPM-LA PBPM-RA 2.01 PER Cramer et al., 2007

10 Marine Oils: Essential Nutrient Delivery Prominent choice for health & wellness Anti-inflammatory (Joint health, Aging, Skin & Coat, other) Cognition and learning 2006 AAFCO set requirement for EPA, DHA EPA & DHA only source is marine (no approved [yet] source of algae in US

11 Urine 11-dehydro thromboxane B 2 and serum EPA in healthy dogs Hall et al, 2011

12 Psycohomotor task completion for puppies (n = 48) fed enriched diets (L M H) x x Low Med High EPA DHA N Carni < Vit E chol Taur Side to side = SS Cutout = CO Zicker et al., 2012

13 Comparison of Fatty Acid Profiles: Marine oils Herring Salmon Menhaden Sardine Mackerel* Tuna* 18:2n :3n :4n :5n :5n :6n IV** *Frankel et al., 2002 **Firestone, 1999

2016 OP: AAFCO - Dog Nutrient Unit DM Basis Growth and Reproduction Minimum Adult Maintenance Minimum Crude Fat % 8.5 5.5 Linoleic acid % 1.3 1.

14 2016 OP: AAFCO - Dog Nutrient Unit DM Basis Growth and Reproduction Minimum Adult Maintenance Minimum Crude Fat % Linoleic acid % Alpha-Linolenic acid % 0.08 ND Eicosapentaenoic + docosahexaenoic acid (Linoleic + arachaidonic): (alpha- Linolenic + Eicosapentaenoic +Docosahexaenoic) acid ratio %.05 ND Maximum 30:1

15 2016 OP: AAFCO - Cat Nutrient Unit DM Basis Growth and Reproduction Minimum Adult Maintenance Minimum Crude Fat % 9 9 Linoleic acid % Alpha-Linolenic acid % 0.02 ND Arachidonic acid % Eicosapentaenoic + docosahexaenoic acid % ND Maximum

16 Nutritional constraints D 3 limit has reduced number of canned-fish offerings Dog foods maximum D 3 3,000 IU/kg Based on work of Trydondidou et al., 2002 Many north Atlantic fish contain high levels

Liking Rank Order For Pet Food Ingredients period Treatments 2:

17 Liking Rank Order For Pet Food Ingredients period Treatments 2: Fats and Oils Fish Oil Butter Shortening Chicken Fat Lard 2.48 a 2.54 a 3.21 ab 3.22 ab 3.53 b 3: Proteins Liver Chicken Fish Tofu Beef 2.49 a 2.62 ab 3.19 ab 3.28 ab 3.42 b 4: Starches Corn Wheat Tapioca Potato Chickpea 2.29 a 2.62 ab 3.28 b 3.33 b 3.48 b 5: Complex Food* F/P C/R L/O T/C C/P 1.84 a 2.95 b 3.28 b 3.37 b 3.56 b

18 Comparison of oxidation among fat sources Menhaden Salmon Flax SBO Poultry (2) Poultry (1) OSI, h Fontana, 2003

19 Influence of Tocopherol Homologues on Oxidation of Fish Oils Menhaden Oil Sardine OIl Kulas and Ackman, 2001

20 Loss of flavor Loss of color Food oxidation Reduced nutrient value Reduced ingredient functionality Accumulation of harmful oxidation compounds (Addis, 1986).

21 Current Challenges/Opportunities Drive for Wild caught, species identified Expansion of limited ingredient diets (hypoallergenic) Food Safety Modernization Act

22 Conclusions Fish Meal and Oil popular in pet foods Key tool for formulation quality proteins, omega-3 fatty acids, trace minerals Direct health benefit for the dog and cat: skin & coat, cognition, joint health, other Consumers demanding natural, species specific, identity to origin, wild caught Stability and safety essential

Proteins in modern pet foods: nutrient quality, processing and shelf-life considerations.

Proteins in modern pet foods: nutrient quality, processing and shelf-life considerations. Greg Aldrich and Collaborators K-State Pet Food Experience September 14, 2016 Outline K-State Pet Food Program