Body Systems. Before You Read. What parts make up each system of the human body? What is tissue? What is an organ?

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1 BC Science 8 CH02 11/5/06 11:39 AM Page 20 Body Systems Textbook pages Before You Read In this section, you will find out about the s of the human body. A is made of two or more parts that work together as a whole. If one of the parts is missing or damaged, a will not work well. It might not work at all. On the lines below, name one type of in your home. Give an example of what might happen if one part of it is damaged. Mark the Text Create an Outline Make an outline of the information in this section. Use the headings in the reading as a starting point. Include the boldface terms and any other terms that you think are important. cell organ organ organism Section 2.1 Summary What parts make up each of the human body? There are 11 s of the body. Each of these s is made up of different parts that work together as a whole to perform all the functions that keep you alive. The parts that make up each body are cells, s, organs, and organ s. What is? Cells that have the same structure and that play the same role in the body are grouped together to form. For instance, muscle cells are grouped to form muscle. Reading Check 1. What is a? What is an organ? Tissues of different kinds that work together form an organ. For instance, the heart is an organ. The heart is mostly made of muscle. Nerve transfers signals to the heart from the brain and from other parts of the body. Epithelial lines the inside of the heart and covers the outside of it. 20 MHR Body Systems 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

2 BC Science 8 CH02 11/5/06 11:39 AM Page 21 Section 2.1 Summary Connective gives strength and shape to the other s that form the heart. Muscle, nerve, epithelial, and connective are also found in other organ s. What is an organ? An organ can work by itself or it can work together with other organs to form an organ. The heart is the only organ in the circulatory. The digestive has several different organs, including the stomach, the small intestine, and the large intestine. The organs of the digestive work together to help you take in food, break it down, absorb nutrients, and remove solid wastes from your body. continued Reading Check 2. Which four s work together in the heart? Systems in the Human Body Circulatory moves blood, nutrients, gases, and wastes Excretory removes liquid and gas wastes Reproductive has organs for making babies Muscular has muscles that work with bones to move the body Digestive takes in and breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, gets rid of solid waste Immune defends the body from infections Integumentary (skin, hair, and nails) protects the body Nervous has nerves that detect, signal, and respond to changes in the environment Respiratory controls breathing and exchanging gases in lungs and s Endocrine makes hormones Skeletal has bones that support the body and work with muscles to move the body 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Body Systems MHR 21

3 BC Science 8 CH02 11/5/06 11:39 AM Page 22 Vocabulary Use with textbook pages Eleven body s Vocabulary circulatory immune reproductive digestive defensive integumentary respiratory endocrine muscular skeletal excretory nervous Use the terms in the vocabulary box to fill in the blanks. Use each term only once. You will not need to use every term. 1. The controls breathing. 2. The has bones that support the body and work with muscles to move the body. 3. The has nerves that detect, signal, and respond to changes in the environment. 4. The removes liquid and gas wastes from the body. 5. The makes hormones. 6. The takes in and breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and gets rid of solid waste. 7. The protects the body and includes skin, hair, and nails. 8. The includes organs for making babies. 9. The defends the body against infections. 10. The has muscles that work with bones to move the body. 11. The moves blood, nutrients, gases, and wastes. 22 MHR Body Systems 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

4 BC Science 8 CH02 11/5/06 11:39 AM Page 23 Use with textbook pages Body s puzzle 1 Vocabulary Puzzle Across 2. a group of s working together to perform a task 3. a group of cells that have the same structure and function 7. that includes organs for making babies Down 1. that includes hair, skin, and nails 4. that exchanges gases in lungs and s 5. that includes nerves 6. basic unit of life 8. that breaks down food 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Body Systems MHR 23

5 BC Science 8 CH02 11/5/06 11:39 AM Page 24 Use with textbook pages the Interpreting Illustrations Identify each of the following body s MHR Body Systems 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

6 BC Science 8 CH02 11/5/06 11:39 AM Page 25 Assessment Use with textbook pages Body s Match each Term on the left with the best Descriptor on the right. Each Descriptor may be used only once. Term 1. organ 2. organ muscle 5. nerve 6. connective 7. epithelial 8. integumentary 9. reproductive 10. endocrine 11. excretory 12. circulatory Descriptor A. a group of cells that have the same structure and function B. includes organs for making babies C. covers the outside of organs and the body D. basic unit of all life E. removes liquid from body F. transports blood, nutrients for survival G. a that includes one or more organs H. gives strength and shape to the organs I. a group of s working together to perform a task J. includes skin, hair, and nails K. transfers signals to the body and carries out a response L. helps to move body parts M. releases hormones Circle the letter of the best answer. 13. This has bones that support the body and work with muscles to move the body. A. respiratory B. muscular C. skeletal 14. This defends the body against infections. A. immune B. endocrine C. skeletal 15. This detects, signals, and responds to changes in the environment. A. endocrine B. muscular C. respiratory 16. This takes in and breaks down nutrients. A. immune B. reproductive C. digestive 17. This controls breathing. A. endocrine B. respiratory C. integumentary 18. The organs in the digestive include A. heart, stomach, lungs B. small intestine, large intestine, stomach C. only the heart D. none of the above 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Body Systems MHR 25