The Digestive and Excretory Systems

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1 BC Science 8 CH02 11/5/06 11:39 AM Page 26 The Digestive and Excretory Systems Textbook pages Before You Read Section 2.2 Summary Many structures and organs work together to digest food. What parts of your body do you think play a role? Write your thoughts on the lines below. Mark the Text Create an Outline Make an outline of this section. Use the headings in the reading as a starting point. Include the terms that you think are important. Reading Check 1. What are the five nutrients? What makes up the food you eat? The food and liquids that you take into your body have nutrients. Nutrients are substances that supply the energy and materials your body needs. Your body uses nutrients to grow, develop, and repair itself. Water is not a nutrient but your body needs water to transport the nutrients and wastes. There are five types of nutrients: Carbohydrates are the body s quickest source of energy. Examples: pasta and brown rice Proteins help to build muscles, skin, hair, and nails. Examples: fish and nuts Fats build cell membranes and are stored for energy. Examples: butter and oil Vitamins help keep your body healthy and strong. Examples: vitamin D from sunlight and vitamin C from oranges Minerals help keep your body healthy and strong. Examples: iron from leafy vegetables and calcium from milk How are nutrients from food digested? The process of digestion breaks down nutrients, absorbs them, and stores some of them for later use. The digestive system also removes solid wastes that the body is not able to use. There are four stages of digestion. Read about them in the table on the next page. 26 MHR The Digestive and Excretory Systems 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

2 BC Science 8 CH02 11/5/06 11:39 AM Page 27 Section 2.2 Summary continued The four stages of digestion What parts of the digestive system are involved? What happens? 1. ingesting mouth Food is taken into the mouth. 2. digesting mouth esophagus stomach small intestine Teeth grind food into smaller pieces. Saliva mixes with the food pieces. Muscles in the esophagus push the food down into the stomach. The food is covered with gastric juice, which is a mixture of strong hydrochloric acid, mucus, and enzymes that break down the food into a liquid form. Enzymes are proteins that speed up digestion. The thick, slippery mucus protects the stomach lining from the strong acid. The liquid food leaves the stomach and enters the first part of the small intestine, where it is broken down into small nutrient particles. Tubes connect to other organs, such as the pancreas, liver, and gall bladder, that produce substances to help digest the food. 3. absorbing small intestine large intestine 4. eliminating rectum anus Nutrients are absorbed in the rest of the small intestine. The small intestine is lined with many villi. Villi are fold-like structures that increase the surface available to absorb nutrients. Undigested food leaves the small intestine and enters the large intestine, where water and some minerals are absorbed. Any undigested material (feces) is stored in the rectum. The feces leave the body through the anus. How is liquid waste removed from the body? Excretion is the job of the excretory system. Excretion removes liquid wastes and gas wastes from the body. Your kidneys filter liquid wastes from your blood and store the wastes (urine) in your bladder until they are flushed from the body. Reading Check 2. What are the four stages of digestion? 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited The Digestive and Excretory Systems MHR 27

3 BC Science 8 CH02 11/5/06 11:39 AM Page 28 Use with textbook pages Know your nutrients Vocabulary brown rice butter calcium circulatory digestive energy excretory fish gastric juice iron nuts oil pasta protein respiratory villi vitamin C vitamin D Cloze Activity Use the terms in the vocabulary box to fill in the blanks. Each term may be used more than once. You will not need to use every term. 1. Carbohydrates are the body s fastest source of. 2. Examples of foods containing carbohydrates are and. 3. help build muscles, skin, hair, and nails. Examples of foods containing this nutrient are and. 4. Fats are used to build _ and can be stored by the body for. 5. Examples of foods containing fats are and. 6. Two common minerals are and. 7. Two common vitamins are and. 8. The system breaks down nutrients, absorbs them, and stores some of them for later use. 9. The system removes liquid wastes and gas wastes from the body. 28 MHR The Digestive and Excretory Systems 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

4 BC Science 8 CH02 11/5/06 11:39 AM Page 29 Use with textbook page 70. Stages of digestion Illustrating Concepts Use a different colour for each stage of digestion. Colour in the areas of the digestive system where each of the stages occurs. Be sure to label each section McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited The Digestive and Excretory Systems MHR 29

5 BC Science 8 CH02 11/5/06 11:39 AM Page 30 Vocabulary Use with textbook pages Looking inside digestion and excretion Match each Term on the left with the best Descriptor on the right. Each Descriptor may be used only once. You will not need to use all the Descriptors. Term 1. feces 2. urine 3. villi 4. gastric juice 5. enzymes 6. mucus 7. anus 8. blood 9. saliva 10. nutrients Descriptor A. a liquid in the stomach B. fold-like structures that absorb nutrients in the small intestine C. mixes with food pieces in the mouth D. undigested material leaves the body through this E. undigested material stored in the rectum F. proteins that speed up digestion G. liquid wastes stored in your bladder H. kidneys filter liquid wastes from this I. a thick, slippery substance that protects the lining of the stomach J. the liquid food that is broken down into nutrients K. substances that supply energy 30 MHR The Digestive and Excretory Systems 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

6 BC Science 8 CH02 11/5/06 11:39 AM Page 31 Assessment Use with textbook pages The digestive and excretory systems Circle the letter of the best answer. 1. A nutrient used for quick energy is a A. protein B. carbohydrate C. fat D. mineral 2. A nutrient used to build cell membranes is a A. protein B. carbohydrate C. fat D. vitamin 3. A nutrient used to build muscle, skin, hair, and nails is a A. protein B. carbohydrate C. mineral D. vitamin 4. Iron and calcium are examples of A. minerals B. carbohydrates C. fats D. vitamins 5. The part of the digestive system in which undigested material is eliminated includes the A. rectum and anus B. pancreas, liver, and gall bladder C. large intestine D. none of the above 6. The part of the digestive system in which nutrients are absorbed includes the A. stomach and esophagus B. small intestine and large intestine C. stomach and small intestine D. all of the above 7. The part of the digestive system that ingests food is the A. mouth B. stomach C. esophagus D. all of the above 8. The part of the digestive system that digests food is the A. mouth and esophagus B. stomach C. small intestine D. all of the above Match each Term on the left with the best Descriptor on the right. Each Descriptor may be used only once. Term 9. digestion 10. excretion 11. gastric juice 12. mucus 13. nutrients 14. villi Descriptor A. thick slippery substance that protects the stomach lining B. breaks down, absorbs, and stores nutrients C. liquid in stomach D. fold-like structures that absorb nutrients E. mixes with food pieces in mouth F. substances that supply energy G. removes wastes 2006 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited The Digestive and Excretory Systems MHR 31

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