BUFFERING CAPACITY AS AN INDICATOR OF THE CARIOGENIC POTENTIAL
|
|
- Cody Mitchell
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 12, December 2017, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_08_12_108 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed BUFFERING CAPACITY AS AN INDICATOR OF THE CARIOGENIC POTENTIAL Dr. Shanthi Kiran Pais Research Scientist, CRD, PRIST University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India Dr. Ronald Menezes Professor, Fr.Muller s Medical College, Mangalore, India Dr. Bakrudeen Ahmed Research Scientist, CRD, PRIST University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India Dr. Mukesh Goel Research Scientist, CRD, PRIST University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India Dr. Ashutosh Das Research Scientist, CRD, PRIST University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India ABSTRACT The "Early Childhood Caries" is a serious oral condition that occurs during the first 3 years of life and is associated with the early intake of sugary foods, drinks, milk and snacks. The carbohydrates present within the infant formula may be utilized by the oral microorganisms, especially the mutans streptococci to form a sticky plaque matrix that enables the microorganisms to adhere to the teeth and produce organic acids which with time can demineralize the teeth 1. Although infant formula forms an important part of an infants diet, nevertheless, information regarding its cariogenecity or buffering capacity property is remarkably sparse 2. Our study included estimation of the buffering capacity of the 14 infants formulas available commercially and 3 control solution namely water, 10% sucrose and bovine whole milk. The conclusion of our results showed that buffer capacity varied among the infant formulas, with some formulas unable to buffer the addition of acid. Further research is needed to more fully understand the relationship of infant formulas to ECC. Key words: Early Childhood Caries, Buffering Capacity, Infant Formulas. Cite this Article: Dr. Shanthi Kiran Pais, Dr. Ronald Menezes, Dr. Bakrudeen Ahmed, Dr. Mukesh Goel, Dr. Ashutosh Das, Buffering Capacity as an Indicator of the Cariogenic Potential. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(12), 2017, pp editor@iaeme.com
2 Buffering Capacity as an Indicator of the Cariogenic Potential 1. INTRODUCTION "You are what you eat! read the top lines of a famous cereal advertisement, which of course is a classic understatement for, not only are we what we eat, but when and how we eat our food too! Being in the new millenium, we have not yet fine-tuned the diet of our children to healthy living and the menace yet persists...it is the "Early Childhood Caries"(ECC). ECC is a serious oral condition that occurs during the first 3 years of life and is associated with the early intake of sugary foods, drinks and snacks While infant formulas may support acid production in dental plaque, the buffering systems present within the oral cavity, primarily the salivary buffers and of the food consumed, are important in controlling the ph of the oral fluids bathing the teeth. In ECC condition, the salivary buffering effect is essentially diminished. This is due to the reduced salivary flow seen at the night time caused by the alterations in the circadian system". With children forming 30-42% of our nation's population and 80% of this child population suffering from the scourge of dental caries, prevention seems the only solution. The following study will therefore go a long way in creating awareness of the possible role of the infant formula in the development of ECC in our country. 2. AIM AND OBJECTIVE To measure the buffering capacity of the infant formula (in vitro) 3. MATERIALS Test Samples 14 infant milk formulas were tested. They were divided into 2 categories Regular infant formulas, (recommended for normal healthy infants) Special infant formulas, (recommended for infants with specific dietary restrictions) Table 1 The brands of the milk formulations used for the study Regular Infant Formula Lactogen Lactogen Lactodex Latcodex Dexolac Dexolac Amulspray Special Infant Formulas Lactonil - Lactose free formula Nusobee - Soya based, lactose free formula Simyl - MCT - Lactose and Sucrose free formula Prosoyal - Soya based, Lactose and Sucrose free formula Table 2 Special Infant Formulas Medical conditions wherein used Lactose intolerance Lactose intolerance Lactose and Sucrose into clearance Lactose and sucrose intolerance editor@iaeme.com
3 Dr. Shanthi Kiran Pais, Dr. Ronald Menezes, Dr. Bakrudeen Ahmed, Dr. Mukesh Goel, Dr. Ashutosh Das Lactodex - LBW - Whey protein formula Special care - Whey Protein containing lactose free formula Lactodex - Low fat - Low milk fat formula Low birth weight Low birth weight Fat intolerance 3.1. Control Solutions Water 10% Sucrose solution Bovine whole milk 3.2. Materials used for measuring the Buffering Capacity of the Infant Formulas Buffering tablets of ph 4, ph 7, ph 9.2 Conc. HCl solution Deionised water Micropipette ph meter Refrigerator Table 3 Composition of the Infant Formulas and Control Solutions No. Test Samples Control Solutions Carbohydrate Protein Fat Iron Calcium Phosphorus 1 (0) (0) (0) (0) (*) (*) 1. Water Sucrose Bovine Milk Infant Formulas 1. Lactogen Lactogen Lactodex Lactodex Dexolac Dexolac Amul spray Special Infant Formulas 8. Lactonil Nusobee Simyl - MCT Prosoyal Lactodex LBW Special care Lactodex-Low fat (0) expressed as mg / ml (*) expressed as g / ml editor@iaeme.com
4 Buffering Capacity as an Indicator of the Cariogenic Potential 3.3. Methods Preparation of the Infant Formulas and Control Solutions The test sample was prepared by mixing, 7 scoops of the milk powder in deionised water and volume made up to 210 ml. (according to the manufacturer's direction) 10 % W/v sucrose control 3 was made by dissolving 4 gm of sucrose in deionised water to a final volume of 40 ml. Bovine milk (Cow's whole milk) was purchased fresh daily for use Buffering Capacity of the Infant Formulas Each test solution was tested in two assays. The ph of each infant formula and control solution was measured and denoted as...d (ph). 3 ml of each infant formula or control solution of the first assay was mixed with 3 ml of M HC1 and denoted as...(a). 3 ml of each infant formula or control solution of the second assay was mixed with 3 ml of 0.01 M HC1 and denoted as...(b) Concentrated HC1 was added, to both A and B, to bring the ph fall by 2 units. The amount of concentrated HC1 added to A was measured and denoted as d (x,). The amount of concentrated HC1 added to B was measured and denoted as d (x 2 ). The buffering capacity 157 ' d9 was calculated as follows. Table 4 Procedure Protocol to Measure the Buffering Capacity For each Infant formula and control solutions, ph was recorded 3 ml of this was mixed with 3ml of 0.01 M HC1 and M HC1 ph was recorded respectively Conc. HC1 was added to bring the ph fall by 2 units Amount of Conc. HCl added was measured Formula to calculate the buffering capacity was calculated as follows Buffering Capacity (B) d (ph) d(x) B= d(x) x 100 d(ph) Figure 1 Portable standard digital ph meter with glass micro combination electrode editor@iaeme.com
5 Dr. Shanthi Kiran Pais, Dr. Ronald Menezes, Dr. Bakrudeen Ahmed, Dr. Mukesh Goel, Dr. Ashutosh Das 4. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Statistical analysis was done in the PC statistical package SPSS, 6.0 version. The graphical representation of buffering capacity can be observed in Fig Observations Test Samples Table 5 ph Response of the Infant formulas to the addition of HCL. ph of the Test solution (ph) d 3 ml of Test solution + 3 ml of M HC1 Cone. HCI (ml) required to bring ph fall by 2 units d(x 1 ) 3 ml of Test solution + 3 ml of 0.01 M HCI Cone, of HCI (ml) required to bring ph fall by 2 units d (x 2 ) Water Sucrose Bovine milk Lactogen Lactogen Lactodex Lactodex Dexolac Dexolac Amulspray Lactonil Nusobee Simyl MCT Prosoyal Lactodex (LBW) Special care Lactodex - Low Fat 5. CALCULATIONS Buffering capacity Table 6 Buffering capacity values of the infant formulas Test Samples Buffering Capacity B= dx/d (ph) x100 Water 0.05% Sucrose 0.08% Bovine Whole milk 23.88% Lactogen %) Lactogen % Lactodex % Lactodex % Dexolac % Dexolac % Amulspray % Lactonil 9.21% Nusobee 18.56% Simyl MCT 15.29% Prosoyal 15.25% Lactodex (LBW) 9.15% Special care 19.17% Lactodex -Low Fat 18.03% editor@iaeme.com
6 Water Sucrose Bovine Whole milk Lactogen 1 Lactogen 2 Lactodex 1 Lactodex 2 Dexolac 1 Dexolac 2 Amulspray Lactonil Nusobee Simyl MCT Prosoyal Lactodex (LBW) Special care Lactodex -Low Fat 6. RESULTS Buffering Capacity as an Indicator of the Cariogenic Potential Buffering capacity of Infant formulas varied from 20.13% for Lactodex - 2 to 9.15% for Lactodex LBW. When the infant formulas were compared with the control solutions, Bovine whole milk showed the greatest buffering capacity i. e 23.88%. The graphical representation of the buffering capacity of the infant formulas can be observed in the graph Table 7 The Infant Formulas are tabulated according to their Caries Inducing Potential Greatest caries inducing potential Least caries inducing potential Buffering Capacity Lactodex LBW Lactonil Dexolac -1 Amulspray Lactogen -1 Prosoyal Simyl MCT Lactodex -1 Lactodex Low Fat Lactogen - 2 Nusobee Special Care Dexolac - 2 Lactodex Controls Least Cariogenic Infant Formula Infant Formulas Most Cariogenic Infant Formula Figure 2 Buffering capacity of infant formula and control solutions editor@iaeme.com
7 Dr. Shanthi Kiran Pais, Dr. Ronald Menezes, Dr. Bakrudeen Ahmed, Dr. Mukesh Goel, Dr. Ashutosh Das 7. DISCUSSION People all over the world, use a wide variety of infant formulas to nourish the infants. These formulas vary in their composition, particularly in the source of protein, carbohydrate and levels of iron. Recent studies have demonstrated the high caries inducing potential of infant formulas 4,5. This indicates a need for awareness of the possible role of the infant formulas in the etiology ECC. This study was carried out, keeping in view the upward trend of dental caries pattern in infants and children in our country. Despite the success of preventive dentistry, there are a growing number of reports of a decline in the quality of young children's teeth 6.7. One frequently mentioned cause, is the use of sweetened fluids in the baby bottle 8. It was Dr. Elias Pass in 1962, who was the first to give a comprehensive description of 'Nursing caries' in infants, the; cause which he attributed to the stagnating milk around the teeth 11,12. Bernick in ,10 reported that prolonged bottle feeding with milk can produce rampant caries 12,13. Buffering capacity is the ability of a solution to resist a change in ph when acid or base is added 14. The ph of a buffer system is based on the equilibrium between the bound hydrogen ions and the free hydrogen ions. To express the buffering capacity of solutions, Van Slyke introduced "Buffer value" or B, in Buffer value is the reciprocal of the slope of the ph neutralization plaque curve, and is useful to demonstrate the rapidity at which the ph of a solution will drop with the addition of acid. After mixing with an equal volume of 0.01 M HC1 and M HCL separately the test solution ph dropped significantly for eight of the infant formulas, with one of the infant formula allowing the ph to fall below the critical ph. Pamela Erickson et al 7 in 1998 reported that, among the 26 formulas tested, 14 formulas allowed the ph to fall below critical ph drop significantly. Furthermore, by measuring the number of moles of acid required to reduce the solution ph by two units, we were able to calculate the buffer value B. The greater the B value (i. e more acid required to drop the ph) means the solution is more resistant to the alterations in ph. While infant formulas may support acid production in dental plaque, the buffering systems present within the oral cavity, primarily the salivary buffers, are important in controlling the ph of the oral fluids bathing the teeth. However in ECC condition, the salivary buffering effect is essentially diminished. This is due to the manner in which the infant sucks the nipple, and reduced salivary flow seen at the night time feedings caused by the alterations in the circadian system". In this study, we observed significant differences in the buffering capacity between the infant formulas. In our findings it was recorded that Nusobee had a very high buffering capacity while the fall in ph (post rinse ph) was found to be maximum. This calls for further research on the effect of the various constituents of the infant formula on its buffering capacity and also their role when consumed orally in presence of saliva. Pamela Erickson et al 15 in 1998 reported that out of the twenty six infant formulas tested, they observed that eight of the formulas did not buffer well, with a buffer value below editor@iaeme.com
8 Buffering Capacity as an Indicator of the Cariogenic Potential An assessment of the composition of the infant formulas is important to understand the reduced buffering capacity in comparison to the bovine milk. The bovine whole milk demonstrated the greatest buffering capacity, which may explain why the previous studies 16 have failed to implicate bovine milk in the development of dental caries. While the factors associated with the infant formula buffering capacity are unknown it is possible that specific proteins such as Caesin may play a role. The results of our study showed that infant formulas containing a higher concentration of proteins (i.e. Nusobee. Lactodex - 2 and Dexolac - 2) had a higher buffering capacity. Phosphopeptides from casein have also been suggested to play a role in the buffering capacity. Further research is now necessary to explore the possible relationship between casein and the infant formula buffering capabilities. REFERENCES [1] Curzon MEJ' Pollard M. A : Nursing bottle caries: The extent and nature of the problem presented at the workshop: Carbohydrates in infant nutrition and dental health, J Dent Res. 1994, 30 : [2] Bowen W. H.: Biological mechanisms of early childhood caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1998; 26: Suppl: Munksgaard. [3] Imfeld T : Cariogenecity Tests. Adv. Dent Res. 1994, Jul; 8(2): [4] Bowen W. H, Pearson K. S, Pedro L, Miguel J. C, Annie Y.S: Assessing the cariogenic potential of some infant formulas, milk and sugar solutions. Jr of Am Dent Assoc 1997, 128 (7); [5] Pamela R. Erickson, Kelly L. McClintock, Nicole Green, Jamilla La Fleur.: Estimation of the caries related risk associated with infant formulas. Pediatr Dent, 1998; 20 (7); [6] WeissM. E., Bibby B. G.:Some protein effects on enamel solubility. Arch Oral Biol , II; [7] Bernick S,What The pediatricians should know about childrens teeth. Clin pedi : atrics. 1971, 10: [8] Ripa LW: Nursing caries: A comprehensive review. Pediatric Dent 1988, 10; [9] Patel P. R. and Brown W. E. : Thermodynamic solubility product of human tooth enamel- Powdered sample. J. Dent. Res. July-August 1975; 54 (4) : [10] Richardson B.D, Cleaton-Jones P.K : Nursing bottle caries. Pediatrics 1977; 60 (5) : [11] Neubrun E. Criteria of cariogenecity for labelling foods. J AmDent Assoc. 1982; 105 (4); [12] Schatele C. F and Jensen M. E. Comparison of methods for monitoring changes in the ph of human dental plaque. J-Dent-Res 1982; 61 (10): [13] Bibby B G, Mundorff S A, Huang C T. Enamel demineralization tests with some standard foods and candies. J Dent Res 1983; 62 (8): [14] Thomas M Devlin: Text book of Biochemistry with clinical correlation. 2 nd edn, 1991, John Wiley and Sons. New York. [15] Pamela R. Erickson, Kelly L. McClintock, Nicole Green, Jamilla La Fleur.: Estimation of the caries related risk associated with infant formulas. Pediatr Dent, 1998; 20 (7); [16] Epwell W.T., and Gidley J.A.F.: Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry nd edition, Pergamon Press, Oxford. [17] Garima Jain, Dr. Vikram Bisen, Female Literacy & Its Relevance With Maternal And Infant Mortality Rates, International Journal of Management, 3 (2), 2012, pp editor@iaeme.com
Comparison of changes in salivary ph levels after consumption of plain milk and milk mixed with Sugar
Original Research Article Comparison of changes in salivary ph levels after consumption of plain milk and milk mixed with Sugar Aasim Farooq Shah * Registrar, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government
More informationIt s all about dental health
It s all about dental health 01 June 2006 1. What do we mean by dental health? Dental health refers to all aspects of the health and functioning of our mouth especially the teeth and gums. Apart from working
More informationEFFECT OF FRESH FRUIT JUICES ON ph OF DENTAL PLAQUE
doi:10.5368/aedj.2010.2.4.36-40.pdf EFFECT OF FRESH FRUIT JUICES ON ph OF DENTAL PLAQUE 1 Sudhanshu Saxena 1. Senior lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, People s College of Dental Sciences
More informationLearning Objectives. Nutrition and Oral Health for Children
Learning Objectives Nutrition and Oral Health for Children Beth Ogata, MS, RD Nutrition 527 April 4, 2006 Describe oral health problems for children List nutrition-related risk factors for oral health
More informationAssessment of Plaque ph after Oral Rinsing with Four Customary Used Types of Complementary Infant Formula
Open Access Original Article Assessment of Plaque ph after Oral Rinsing with Four Customary Used Types of Complementary Infant Formula Ali Nozari 1, Faezeh Ghaderi 1*, Elmira Niaz 2, Zhale Salehipour 3
More informationA Comparative Evaluation of Sucrose, Sorbitol and Sugar Free Chewing Gum on Plaque ph in Children after Sucrose Challenge
Original Article RUHS Journal of Health Sciences, Volume 2 Number 4, October -December 2017 A Comparative Evaluation of Sucrose, Sorbitol and Sugar Free Chewing Gum on Plaque ph in Children after Sucrose
More informationMore Chocolate! The FUN Biochemistry of Cavity Prevention
More Chocolate! The FUN Biochemistry of Cavity Prevention Dr. Roger Lucas, DDS Board Diplomate of American Board of Pediatric Dentistry Biochemist Email: Roger@TheDentistDad.com Website: TheDentistDad.com
More informationEvaluation of change in Salivary ph, following consumption of different snacks and beverages and estimation of their oral clearance time
I J Pre Clin Dent Res 2015;2(4):11-16 Oct-Dec All rights reserved International Journal of Preventive & Clinical Dental Research Evaluation of change in Salivary ph, following of different snacks and beverages
More informationDiet and dental caries
Prevention-- 5 th class Lect 1 1 Diet and dental caries The role diet and nutrition in the etiology and pathogenesis of caries may be viewed as systemic (nutrition) and local effect (diet) In general,
More informationProtecting All Children s Teeth Caries
Protecting All Children s Teeth Caries 1 http://www.aap.org/oralhealth/pact Introduction used with permission from Ian Van Dinther Caries is an infectious transmissible disease resulting from tooth adherent
More informationBreastfeeding and dental health By Joanna Doherty, NCT breastfeeding counsellor
Issue 34 March 2017 perspective EVIDENCE MADE EASY Contents >> NCT s journal on preparing parents for birth and early parenthood Breastfeeding and dental health By Joanna Doherty, NCT breastfeeding counsellor
More informationCOMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CHEWING GUMS ON SALIVARY PH-AN INVIVO STUDY
Original Article Received : 11 09 14 Review completed : 15 11 14 Accepted : 10 11 14 COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF GUMS ON SALIVARY PH-AN INVIVO STUDY Rani Somani, * Shipra
More informationFood, Nutrition & Dental Health Summary
By Liz Pearson, RD www.lizpearson.com Food, Nutrition & Dental Health Summary Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007 to 2009) 57% of 6 11 year olds have or have had a cavity 59% of 12 19 year olds have
More informationDEPOSITS. Dentalelle Tutoring 1
DEPOSITS Dentalelle Tutoring WWW.DENTALELLE.COM 1 PH SCALE WWW.DENTALELLE.COM 2 DENTAL CARIES Dental caries is a dynamic process that involves a susceptible tooth, cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque
More informationModule 2: Nutrition-Related Risk Factors for Dental Caries
Module 2: Nutrition-Related Risk Factors for Dental Caries INTRODUCTION The development of dental caries is multi-factorial. Many of the risk factors are related to a child s dietary intake and/or nutritional
More informationIt is 100 percent preventable
Leeds Dental Institute FACULTY OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH No mysteries in solving the caries riddle It is 100 percent preventable Professor Monty Duggal University of Leeds, UK Aims of this presentation Dental
More informationARE YOU MOUTHWISE? AN ORAL HEALTH OVERVIEW FOR PRIMARY CARE
ARE YOU MOUTHWISE? AN ORAL HEALTH OVERVIEW FOR PRIMARY CARE Funding providing by: Developed by: Terry L. Buckenheimer, DMD Karen Pesce Buckenheimer, R.N., BSN Executive Director, MORE HEALTH, Inc. Why
More informationORAL HEALTH MECHANISM OF ACTION INFLUENTIAL FACTORS 5/8/2017
ORAL HEALTH Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth & facial pain, oral & throat cancer, oral sores, birth defects such as cleft lip & palate, periodontal (gum) disease, tooth decay & tooth
More informationCopyright and Acknowledgements. Caries Management Course Module: Diet. Nighttime Feedings. Module Objectives
Caries Management Course Module: Diet Robert S Jones DDS PhD Assistant Professor Division of Pediatric Dentistry University of Minnesota Copyright and Acknowledgements This work is protected by copyright.
More informationObjectives. Describe how to utilize caries risk assessment for management of early childhood caries
Objectives Define Early Childhood Caries Describe how to utilize caries risk assessment for management of early childhood caries Explain how to implement early childhood caries management within a dental
More informationPERINATAL CARE AND ORAL HEALTH
PERINATAL CARE AND ORAL HEALTH Lakshmi Mallavarapu, DDS Terry Reilly Health Services Boise, Idaho CE objectives Recognize the necessity of Oral Care during Perinatal Period Examine and assess teeth and
More informationDental Health E-presentation.
Dental Health E-presentation www.healthycornwall.org.uk Learning Outcomes This short E-presentation has been developed to give you a basic understanding of the importance of good dental health and dental
More information220 SUBJECT INDEX. D Diarrhea and sodium balance, 74 weanling, 161,179,208,212; see also Infection
Subject Index Acid balance, see ph Allergy, food, see also Immunity and beikost, 143-144 and breast milk, 91,143 and formula, 89-90 Antidiuretic hormone, 66 67 Antigens, see also Immunity determinants,
More informationFluoridens 133 Fluorosilicic acid 136 Fluorosis, see Dental fluorosis Foams 118 acute toxicity 71, 122 clinical efficacy 122 Free saliva 149, 150
Subject Index Abrasive systems, dentifrices 123 Absorption 23, 24, 38, 78 Accidental poisonings 66, 67, 69, 70, see also Acute toxicity Acid-base status, see also ph metabolism effects 28, 29 toxicity
More informationDOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS White toothpaste containing 1.1% sodium fluoride (3)
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These highlights do not include all the information needed to use 3M TM ESPE TM Clinpro TM 5000 Anti-Cavity Toothpaste safely and effectively. See full prescribing
More informationPENNSYLVANIA ORAL HEALTH COLLECTIVE IMPACT INITIATIVE
PENNSYLVANIA ORAL HEALTH COLLECTIVE IMPACT INITIATIVE PA Chapter American Academy of Pediatrics An Initiative supported by the Pennsylvania Head Start Association Your Hosts Lisa Schildhorn, MS Executive
More informationRelation between Past and Present Dietary Sugar Intake and Dental Caries in A High Caries Population
Original Article Relation between Past and Present Dietary Sugar Intake and Dental Caries in A High Caries Population T. Malek Mohammadi 1, EJ. Kay 2, A. Hajizamani 1 1 Assistant Professor, Department
More informationThe Effect of Mineralizing Fluorine Varnish on the Progression of Initial Caries of Enamel in Temporary Dentition by Laser Fluorescence
American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-issn: 2320-0847 p-issn : 2320-0936 Volume-6, Issue-9, pp-39-43 www.ajer.org Research Paper Open Access The Effect of Mineralizing Fluorine Varnish on the
More informationA Few SoundBites on Diet, Nutrition and Oral Health
A Few SoundBites on Diet, Nutrition and Oral Health Carole A. Palmer EdD, RD Tufts University: School of fdental lmedicine i Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Conflict of Interest Disclosure
More informationFrequently Asked Questions. About Community Water Fluoridation. Overview. 1-What is fluoride?
Frequently Asked Questions About Community Water Fluoridation Overview 1-What is fluoride? Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral that protects teeth from tooth decay. 2-Why is fluoride added to water
More informationHealthy Smile Happy Child. Daniella DeMaré Healthy Smile Happy Child Project Coordinator (204)
Healthy Smile Happy Child Daniella DeMaré Healthy Smile Happy Child Project Coordinator ddemare@chrim.ca (204) 789-3500 What s on the Agenda? Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and Risk Factors: what every health
More informationجامعة تكريت كلية طب االسنان مادة طب الفم الوقائي املرحلة اخلامسة م. ازهار عماش حسني
جامعة تكريت كلية طب االسنان مادة طب الفم الوقائي املرحلة اخلامسة م. ازهار عماش حسني 6102-6102 1 Lec-3- Non- sugars sweeteners Much research has been carried out in order to fined sugar substitutes. The
More informationCariogenic potential of presweetened breakfast cereals. Kathryn L. Minton, DDS Charles. Abstract
PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY/Copyright @1985 by The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Volume 7 Number 4 Cariogenic potential of presweetened breakfast cereals Kathryn L. Minton, DDS Charles W. Berry, PhD
More informationAlabama Medicaid Agency. 1st Look Program
Alabama Medicaid Agency 1st Look Program Overview 1 st Look Program goals Qualified Physicians Who qualifies for the program? Billing/Eligible Services Documentation Requirements Referrals Program Contacts
More informationBrian Palmer, D.D.S. Kansas City, Missouri, USA 10/14/00
Brian Palmer, D.D.S. Kansas City, Missouri, USA 10/14/00 Dental decay on infant teeth is called many different things, including: Baby Bottle Tooth Decay (BBTD) Infant caries Nursing caries Bottle mouth
More informationKey Dietary Messages
Key Dietary Messages Developed by Dr. Teresa Marshall, Ph.D Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry College of Dentistry, University of Iowa Dietary Behavior Number of meals/s Meal patterns Between-meal/
More informationOral Health Improvement. Prevention in Practice Vicky Brand
Oral Health Improvement Prevention in Practice Vicky Brand Quiz Question A B C The % of 5 yr olds in 05/06 in Greater Manchester who experienced tooth decay was just over Which of the following is more
More informationLinking Research to Clinical Practice
Prevention of Root Caries Denise M. Bowen, RDH, MS Linking Research to Clinical Practice The purpose of Linking Research to Clinical Practice is to present evidence based information to clinical dental
More informationBreakthrough Strategies for Preventing Early Childhood Caries
Breakthrough Strategies for Preventing Early Childhood Caries Norman Tinanoff, DDS, MS Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Univ. of Maryland, School of Dentistry Innovations in the Prevention and Management
More informationPromoting Oral Health
Promoting Oral Health Hope Saltmarsh, RDH, M.Ed. Doug Johnson, DMD October 2009 11/3/2009 12:14:04 PM 5864_ER_RED 1 Learning Objectives Identify Bright Futures recommendations for oral health. Describe
More informationDental Insights. Equipping Parents with Important Information About Children s Oral Health pril 2014
Equipping Parents with Important Information About Children s Oral Health pril 2014 Introduction Despite tremendous advancements in dental care and treatment over the past 50 years, dental caries (tooth
More informationComparison of the cariogenicity of some processed cheeses
Comparison of the cariogenicity of some processed cheeses B.K. DRUMMOND*, N.P. CHANDLER**, A.M. MELDRUM* ABSTRACT. Aim Cheeses have been investigated for their potential cariogenicity in several studies
More informationThank you for the opportunity to comment on the draft infant feeding guidelines for health workers.
is the State s leading public oral health agency, promoting oral health, purchasing services and providing care to Victorians. 5 December 2011 Infant Feeding Guidelines for Health Workers Senior Project
More informationADVANCED SUBSIDIARY (AS) General Certificate of Education January Home Economics Assessment Unit AS 1. assessing. Nutrition for Optimal Health
ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY (AS) General Certificate of Education January 2014 Home Economics Assessment Unit AS 1 assessing Nutrition for Optimal Health [AN111] MONDAY 13 JANUARY, AFTERNOON MARK SCHEME General
More informationNUTRITION IN CHILDHOOD
NUTRITION IN CHILDHOOD Nutrient requirement Children growing & developing need more nutritious food May be at risk for malnutrition if : - poor appetite for a long period - eat a limited number of food
More informationSOME ASPECTS OF INFANT FEEDING. Quak Seng Hock
SOME ASPECTS OF INFANT FEEDING Quak Seng Hock Contents Introduction Importance of proper nutrition in the infant Breastfeeding Nutritional requirements of infants Introducing solid food Vitamin requirements
More informationSOFT DRINKS & DENTAL HEALTH.
SOFT DRINKS & DENTAL HEALTH www.giveuplovingpop.org.uk @gulpnow SOFT DRINKS & DENTAL HEALTH All text tables, copyright Health Equalities Group 2017 Primary authors: Alexandra Holt, MSc. Health Equalities
More informationTHE PEDIATRICIAN ROLE IN CARIES PREVENTION
THE PEDIATRICIAN ROLE IN CARIES PREVENTION F.CLINI, F.BUIZZA, A.OPPICI SERVIZIO DI ODONTOSTOMATOLOGIA E CHIRURGIA ORO-MAXILLO MAXILLO-FACCIALE OSPEDALE Guglielmo da Saliceto PIACENZA Pathologic, infectious
More informationNutrition in Early Head Start and Head Start
California Head Start Association Health Institute April 27, 2010 Nutrition in Early Head Start and Head Start Cris Cochran, Family and Community Partnership Specialist Workshop Objectives Participants
More informationNutrition and Oral Health
Nutrition and Oral Health Ellen Karlin Disclosure Statement Ellen Karlin MMSc, RD, LDN, FADA Nutrition Consultant Comprehensive Asthma and Allergy Center Neither I nor my immediate family has any financial
More informationRISK FACTORS BY AGE (Wandera et al. 2000)
RISK ASSESSMENT Stacey Lubetsky DMD ST. BARNABAS HOSPITAL RISK ASSESSMENT The primary thrust of early risk assessment is to screen for parent-infant groups who are at risk of ECC and would benefit from
More informationEpidemiology of ECC & Effectiveness of Interventions
Epidemiology of ECC & Effectiveness of Interventions Oct 20, 2010 Ananda P. Dasanayake, BDS, MPH, Ph.D, FACE Professor & Director, Graduate Program in Clinical Research New York University College of Dentistry
More informationEarly Years Foundation Stage
Early Years Foundation Stage Food and Nutrition Policy Introduction all settings Food and nutrition is an integral part of the ethos of all GEMS settings. We believe that it is important for children to
More informationEvaluating the Efficacy of Xylitol Wipes on Cariogenic Bacteria in 19- to 35-month-old Children: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial
original Article Evaluating the Efficacy of 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1476 Xylitol Wipes on Cariogenic Bacteria Evaluating the Efficacy of Xylitol Wipes on Cariogenic Bacteria in 19- to 35-month-old Children:
More informationPlaque ph and Dental Retention after Consumption of Different Types of Chocolates
Original Article Int J Clin Prev Dent 2016;12(2):97-102 ㆍ http://dx.doi.org/10.15236/ijcpd.2016.12.2.97 ISSN (Print) 1738-8546 ㆍ ISSN (Online) 2287-6197 Plaque ph and Dental Retention after Consumption
More informationThe Dental Knowledge and Attitudes of Medical Practitioners and Caregivers of Pre-school Children in Macau
HK J Paediatr (new series) 2006;11:133-139 The Dental Knowledge and Attitudes of Medical Practitioners and Caregivers of Pre-school Children in Macau IIM WU, NM KING, JSJ TSAI, HM WONG Abstract Key words
More informationEarly Childhood Caries The Newest Infectious Disease Epidemic in Native American Children. Steve Holve, MD IHS Consultant in Pediatrics
Early Childhood Caries The Newest Infectious Disease Epidemic in Native American Children Steve Holve, MD IHS Consultant in Pediatrics Bacterial Meningitis is a serious, preventable, infectious disease
More informationEarly Childhood 3-5 yrs Handouts
Oral Health Risk Assessment Protocols, Training Modules and Educational Materials for Use with Families of Young Children. Early Childhood 3-5 Years Early Childhood 3-5 yrs Handouts FLUORIDE Makes teeth
More informationHELPING YOUR CLIENTS MAKE HEALTHY CHOICES: SUGAR
HELPING YOUR CLIENTS MAKE HEALTHY CHOICES: SUGAR Thursday, April 13, 2017 Presented by: Pam McFarlane (MDA) and Amanda Nash, RD (HSF) Outline About the Heart and Stroke and MDA Oral Health and Dental Care
More informationPrimary care physicians are in a unique
R E V I E W A R T I C L E Oral Health in Children - Guidelines for Pediatricians PREETIKA CHANDNA AND VIVEK KUMAR ADLAKHA From the Departments of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Subharti Dental College,
More information1.1.1 Protein. 1 Quiz: Protein. 1. The main reason why the body needs protein is for growth, repair and maintenance.
1 Quiz: Protein 1.1.1 Protein 1. The main reason why the body needs protein is for growth, repair and maintenance. 2. An example of a protein alternative is mycoprotein, e.g. Quorn. 3. An example of a
More informationMarch 30, ASN Comments and Additions to Select, Proposed Topics and Questions are in Red Below
March 30, 2018 The American Society for Nutrition (ASN) appreciates the opportunity to comment on the proposed topics and supporting scientific questions that will be considered during the development
More information2012 Ph.D. APPLIED EXAM Department of Biostatistics University of Washington
2012 Ph.D. APPLIED EXAM Department of Biostatistics University of Washington Background Dental caries is an infectious, transmissible bacterial disease that is a common childhood condition in the United
More informationDental Care and Health An Update. Dr. Ranjini Pillai, DDS, MPH, FAGD, FICOI
Dental Care and Health An Update Dr. Ranjini Pillai, DDS, MPH, FAGD, FICOI WHO s Definition of Health? Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of
More informationTHE EFFECT OF SORBITOL - CONTAINING CANDY ON CARIES ACTIVITY LEVELS OF MUTANS STREPTOCOCCI IN PLAQUE
THE EFFECT OF SORBITOL - CONTAINING CANDY ON CARIES ACTIVITY LEVELS OF MUTANS STREPTOCOCCI IN PLAQUE (Analysis of the effectiveness for a period 1 month consumption) Soeherwin Mangundjaja *, Titi Pratiwi
More informationRole of Nutrition in Oral Health
Cronicon OPEN ACCESS Role of Nutrition in Oral Health DENTAL SCIENCE Review Article Neeraja Turagam* and Durga Prasad Mudrakola 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Aimst University, Malaysia 2 Department of
More informationU.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. National Institutes of Health. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research What's wrong with sugary snacks, anyway? Sugary snacks taste so good but
More informationInfants. Lecture 21: Nutrition for Infants. Infants Metabolic Rate. Age 0-1 yrs. Massive weight gain. Calorie, vitamin and mineral needs are high
Lecture 21: Nutrition for Infants Nutrition 150 Shallin Busch, Ph.D. Age 0-1 yrs Infants Massive weight gain Weight doubles by 5 months Weight triples by 12 months Calorie, vitamin and mineral needs are
More informationA GUIDE TO CARING FOR YOUR CHILD S TEETH AND MOUTH
A GUIDE TO CARING FOR YOUR CHILD S TEETH AND MOUTH A COLLABORATION BETWEEN Use this guide to learn about oral health and taking care of your child s teeth from birth to kindergarten and into their teen
More informationNATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Dear Parent, Your child s bones are growing every day, and growing bones need lots of calcium. Milk is an excellent
More informationEpidemiologic Study of Dental Caries Experience and
Epidemiologic Study of Dental Caries Experience and Between-Meal Eating Patterns R. A. BAGRAMIAN and A. L. RUSSELL School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA The relationship
More informationHealthy Smiles for Young Children
Healthy Smiles for Young Children Basic Oral Health Care During Pregnancy During Pregnancy: Have a dental checkup. Brush at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste. Floss daily. Limit sweets and avoid
More informationStatistical analysis of salivary ph changes after the intake of black tea and yerba mate supplemented with sweeteners
Journal of Oral Science, Vol.41, No.2, 81-85, 1999 Statistical analysis of salivary ph changes after the intake of black tea and yerba mate supplemented with sweeteners Marla Elena Lopez de Bocanera, Myriam
More informationAnswer Key for Introduction to Food Packages
Practice Activity-A Answer Key for Introduction to Food Packages Observe how food package assignment is conducted in your clinic. Answer the following questions for each certification that you observe.
More informationNEW ZEALAND DATA SHEET
1 PRODUCT NAME Clinpro 5000 anti-cavity toothpaste Vanilla Mint Clinpro 5000 anti-cavity toothpaste Spearmint Clinpro 5000 anti-cavity toothpaste Bubble Gum 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Thick
More informationYOUR. drink Choose Water!
rethink YOUR drink Choose Water! Let s Not -coat It! -sweetened beverages (SSBs) are beverages with added sugar These drinks include soda pop, juice/fruit drinks, sweetened teas/coffees, flavored waters,
More informationYOUR. drink Choose Water!
rethink YOUR drink Choose Water! Let s Not -coat It! -sweetened beverages (SSBs) are beverages with added sugar These drinks include soda pop, juice/fruit drinks, sweetened teas/coffees, flavored waters,
More informationBacterial Plaque and Its Relation to Dental Diseases. As a hygienist it is important to stress the importance of good oral hygiene and
Melissa Rudzinski Preventive Dentistry Shaunda Clark November 2013 Bacterial Plaque and Its Relation to Dental Diseases As a hygienist it is important to stress the importance of good oral hygiene and
More informationNew Parents Oral Health Handbook
New Parents Oral Health Handbook Casper Children s Dental Clinic New Parents Did you know almost half of Wyoming s children will get at least one cavity by the time they reach kindergarten? Often times,
More informationOral Health and Dental Emergencies
Oral Health and Dental Emergencies Maryland Assembly on School-Based Health Care Annual Conference May 19, 2015 Chief Reason Young Children Are Brought to Dental Office Parent describes the child s teeth
More informationEnhanced CPD Programme Module 2b
Enhanced CPD Programme Module 2b Introduction Aim To present the key oral health improvement messages and the evidence-base that underpins these for use in practice. Learning Outcomes By the end of this
More informationHealthy Smile Happy Child s New Lift the Lip Video
Healthy Smile Happy Child s New Lift the Lip Video Daniella DeMaré Project Coordinator Healthy Smile Happy Child Initiative Sandy Kostyniuk Program Consultant, Manitoba and Saskatchewan Region The Public
More informationTHESIS. Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University
Identifying Risk Factors Associated with Early Childhood Caries in Children Under Three Years of Age THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the
More informationAdult/Caregiver Screening
Adult/Caregiver Screening 1. Where does the water that you use for cooking and drinking come from? Yes No City water Bottled water-type Well water Don t know 2. Do you smoke, use chewing tobacco or snuff?
More informationFor Growing Bones Which Milk?
For Growing Bones Which Milk? Why Milk? Check the Nutrition Facts label on milk cartons. You will see several nutrients that everyone in your family needs. Calcium and vitamin D for your child s growing
More informationSINCE 1870 QUALITY AND INNOVATION. The union of an Italian leader company in the agri-food sector and its historic milk brand
The union of an Italian leader company in the agri-food sector and its historic milk brand About NEWLAT IS ONE OF ITALY S LEADING PRODUCERS OF: Milk and dairy products Pasta and baked goods Gluten free
More informationDental caries prevention. Preventive programs for children 5DM
Dental caries prevention Preventive programs for children 5DM Definition of Terms Preventive dentistry: usage of all the means to achieve and maintain the optimal oral health prevention of dental caries,
More informationU.S. Army Center for Health Promotion & Preventive Medicine
A Healthy Mouth for Your Baby U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion & Preventive Medicine Directorate of Health Promotion and Wellness Oral Fitness Program Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland, 21010-5403
More informationFAQ. Fluoridation. Q. What is fluoride? Q. What is fluoridation? Q. Why is Metropolitan fluoridating its water supplies?
Fluoridation FAQ Thousands of research studies and more than 60 years of experience have demonstrated that fluoridating public drinking water is not only safe and effective, it is the best method of improving
More informationInnovative Dental Therapies for the Aging Population
Innovative Dental Therapies for the Aging Population By Daniel H Ward DDS 1080 Polaris Pkwy Ste 130 Columbus OH 43240 614-430-8990 dward@columbus.rr.com US Population is Aging 1970-28 million>60 14% of
More informationORAL HEALTH OF GEORGIA S CHILDREN Results from the 2006 Georgia Head Start Oral Health Survey
ORAL HEALTH OF GEORGIA S CHILDREN Results from the 26 Georgia Head Start Oral Health Survey Introduction Oral health is an essential component of health throughout life. Poor oral health and untreated
More informationCarbohydrates. Sugars, Starches, and Fibers. Chapter 4
Carbohydrates Sugars, Starches, and Fibers Chapter 4 Introduction Brain Glucose Muscles Glucose Glycogen Fat Sources of carbohydrates Whole grains, vegetables, legumes, fruits, milk Fattening mistaken
More informationObjective Students will learn what causes lactose intolerance and carry out a laboratory activity to test a treatment for lactose intolerance.
Oklahoma Ag in the Classroom Making the Most of Milk Understanding Lactose Intolerance Objective Students will learn what causes lactose intolerance and carry out a laboratory activity to test a treatment
More informationCommunity Water Fluoridation and Testing: Recommendations for Supplementation in Children and Adolescents. Dwight Parker
Community Water Fluoridation and Testing: Recommendations for Supplementation in Children and Adolescents Dwight Parker History Frederick McKay opens dental practice in Colorado Springs and notes widespread
More informationQ Why is it important to classify our patients into age groups children, adolescents, adults, and geriatrics when deciding on a fluoride treatment?
Page 1 of 4 Q Why is it important to classify our patients into age groups children, adolescents, adults, and geriatrics when deciding on a fluoride treatment? A Different age groups have different dentitions
More informationJournal of Medical Science & Technology
Original Article Journal of Medical Science & Technology Open Access Effect of Black tea as mouth rinse among selected school children with dental plaque Radhika 1, B Vanaja Kumari 1 1 Community health
More informationIn-Vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Addition of Xylitol to Carbonated Diet Soda on Enamel Microhardness of Permanent Teeth
Original Article In-Vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Addition of Xylitol to Carbonated Diet Soda on Enamel Microhardness of Permanent Teeth R. Haghgoo 1, M. Mehran 2, S.A. Baghaiipour 3. 1 Associate Professor,
More informationPrevalence, Trends and Disparities in Beverage Consumption Among Young Children aged 0-24 months from NHANES
Prevalence, Trends and Disparities in Beverage Consumption Among Young Children aged 0-24 months from NHANES Anna Maria Siega-Riz, PhD Professor of Public Health Sciences and Obstetrics and Gynecology
More informationResearch Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Correlation between Total Antioxidant Level and Dental Caries in Adults - an In vivo Study Mithra N Hegde* a, Suchetha Kumari b, Nidarsh
More informationLITTLE TREASURE. Premium Australian Made Powdered Milk Products
LITTLE TREASURE Premium Australian Made Powdered Milk Products Little Treasure Infant Formula and other Milk Powder products. Made in Australia to the highest possible standard, using milk from Australian
More information