Anatomy & Physiology Student Edition. 1. Which list shows different levels or organization within a population ordered from least to most complex?

Transcription

1 Name: Date: 1. Which list shows different levels or organization within a population ordered from least to most complex? A. organ systems, organs, organelles, organisms B. organelles, organs, organ systems, organisms C. organisms, organ systems, organs, organelles D. organs, organelles, organisms, organ systems 2. Mitochondria are used to produce energy for cells. Which type of cell would contain the most mitochondria? A. fat cells B. bone cells C. red blood cells D. muscle cells 3. Describe how the nutrients from digested bread move from the digestive organs to muscles and other tissues where they are needed. 4. Use the following diagram to answer the question. When an index finger is hit by a hammer, an advantage of the reflex arc is that nerve impulses A. do not need to travel to the brain first. B. travel quickly to the brain. C. travel faster across nerve end gaps. D. activate sensory organs. page 1

2 5. Blood type indicates the type of antigens present on red blood cells. For a transfusion to be successful, the donor s blood type and the recipient s blood type must be compatible. If not, antibodies present in the plasma of the recipient will cause the blood to clump. BLOOD TYPES BLOOD TYPE ANTIGENS ANTIBODIES O none anti-a and anti-b A A anti-b B B anti-a AB A and B none According to the table, a person with which blood type could donate blood to any other individual, regardless of the recipient s blood type? A. O B. A C. B D. AB 6. Nutrition involves those activities by which organisms A. remove cellular waste products. B. obtain and process materials needed for other activities. C. exchange gases with their environment. D. absorb and circulate materials. 7. A patient suffering from a sore throat goes to a doctor in a hospital to get a check-up. During the exam the doctor collects the following information: The doctor strikes the patient s knee with a small rubber hammer and observes the reaction. The doctor is checking the. A. nervous system B. muscular system C. circulatory system D. skeletal system page 2

3 8. A blood-typing test is performed on the patient. One of the patient s parents has type O blood and the other parent has type AB blood. What are the possibilities for the patient s blood type? A. A or O B. A or B C. B or O D. B or AB 9. The opening of a camera controls the amount of light allowed in. Which part of the eye does the same job? A. The lens B. The iris C. The retina D. The cornea 10. The students in an engineering class built a robot that stacks wooden blocks. A built-in computer controls the movement of the robot. The computer in the robot performs a function most similar to which part of the human body? A. lungs B. heart C. brain D. arms 11. Which body system s primary function is the continuation of the species? A. digestive B. nervous C. excretory D. reproductive 12. The terms gas exchange, diaphragm, and inhale are most closely associated with which system in the human body? A. circulatory B. digestive C. excretory D. respiratory 13. In the human body, which system functions primarily to defend the body against disease? A. digestive B. immune C. nervous D. respiratory page 3

4 14. The numbered drawings below show the organization within a multicellular organism from simple to complex. Which of these numbered drawings represents a tissue? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D What is the primary function of the large intestine? A. to digest proteins B. to absorb nutrients C. to break down complex carbohydrates D. to remove water from undigested waste 16. Capillaries are part of which body system? A. skeletal system B. nervous system C. digestive system D. circulatory system 17. Which of the following is one of the functions of the human skeleton? A. producing hormones B. bringing gases into the body C. removing waste from the body D. providing a site for blood cell formation page 4

5 18. Which of the following is the best example of an organism maintaining homeostasis? A. a wolf panting after a chase B. a spider catching an insect in a web C. a cricket becoming infected by a virus D. a mole digging tunnels in the ground 19. Which of the following organs removes extra water from the blood to keep the amount of fluid in the bloodstream at the proper level? A. kidneys B. liver C. pancreas D. stomach 20. Which of the following is the basic structural unit of the nervous system? A. axon B. neuron C. red blood cell D. white blood cell 21. The diagram below shows the locations of the pituitary gland and the kidneys in the human body. The pituitary gland can release a substance into the bloodstream that signals target cells in the kidneys to reabsorb more water. The released substance is an example of A. an enzyme. B. a hormone. C. a neurotransmitter. D. a vitamin. page 5

6 22. Which of the following is a correct order in which air moves through the human respiratory system when a person inhales? A. nose, larynx, trachea, pharynx, bronchi, lungs B. nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs C. pharynx, bronchi, nose, larynx, trachea, lungs D. pharynx, nose, trachea, bronchi, larynx, lungs 23. Atherosclerosis is a condition in which substances such as fats and cholesterol are deposited on the inside walls of arteries, resulting in a decrease in the internal diameter of the arteries. This directly interferes with which of the following processes in the body? A. the production of red blood cells B. the delivery of oxygen to body tissues C. the release of insulin to regulate blood sugar D. the transmission of nerve impulses to the heart 24. In which of the following ways does perspiring help the body to maintain homeostasis? A. by decreasing body temperature B. by increasing blood sugar levels C. by increasing the amount of fluid in the body D. by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in cells 25. What is the name of the connective tissue that joins skeletal muscle to bones? A. cartilage B. ligaments C. neurons D. tendons 26. Which of the following is a function of the liver? A. removing toxic compounds from the blood B. secreting digestive enzymes into the stomach C. producing white blood cells to fight infections D. converting food into smaller nutrient molecules page 6

7 27. The diagrams below illustrate different levels of organization in the human nervous system. An understanding of how the nervous system works at its various levels helps doctors explain normal body functions and make proper diagnoses when patients are sick. Which of the following statements best describes the role of structure C in the nervous system? A. Structure C is the basic unit of the nervous system. B. Structure C produces reflex responses in the arms and legs. C. Structure C is the main center for sensory and motor processing. D. Structure C transmits impulses from sense organs to the central nervous system. 28. Structure D is the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus has both nervous and endocrine functions. In which of the following ways does nervous system communication differ from endocrine system communication? A. The nervous system uses electrochemical signals for communication, whereas the endocrine system uses hormones. B. Nervous system communication occurs slowly, whereas endocrine system communication occurs quickly. C. The nervous system sends messages along myelinated axons to communicate, whereas the endocrine system sends messages along unmyelinated axons. D. Nervous system communication controls only voluntary functions, whereas endocrine system communication controls only involuntary functions. page 7

8 29. In order to maintain good health, a person s normal glucose level must remain within a given range. Which two systems control the blood glucose level? A. endocrine and skeletal B. endocrine and digestive C. circulatory and lymphatic D. digestive and lymphatic 30. After an initial infection, B-cells recognize the measles virus. How is this helpful in human immune response? A. The B-cells use this recognition to defend the body against other pathogens, such as bacteria. B. The B-cells more quickly recognize and respond to any other virus that invades the body. C. The B-cells produce antibodies more quickly if the measles virus is encountered again. D. The B-cells transfer this recognition to T-cells, which will then devour the viruses. 31. How do the circulatory system and the respiratory system depend on one another? A. Oxygen collected by the respiratory system is carried throughout the body by the circulatory system. B. Solid wastes collected by the circulatory system are carried throughout the body by the respiratory system. C. Nutrients collected by the respiratory system are carried throughout the body by the circulatory system. D. Carbon dioxide collected by the circulatory system is carried throughout the body by the respiratory system. 32. Which structure completes the circulatory pathway? heart artery? vein heart A. aorta B. atrium C. ventricle D. capillary 33. Which sequence shows the correct pathway through which waste travels in the excretory system? A. renal vein kidney ureter urethra bladder B. renal artery kidney ureter bladder urethra C. kidney ureter renal artery bladder urethra D. urethra kidney ureter renal artery bladder page 8

9 34. Which statement explains the function of the diaphragm and its effect on the chest cavity during inhalation? A. The diaphragm relaxes to decrease volume and decrease pressure. B. The diaphragm contracts to increase volume and decrease pressure. C. The diaphragm relaxes to increase volume and increase pressure. D. The diaphragm contracts to decrease volume and increase pressure. 35. Which sequence shows the pathway that food takes in the digestive system? A. stomach, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine B. esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine C. stomach, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine D. esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine 36. Which best describes the role of the esophagus in digestion? A. It releases acid and mixes food. B. It aids in absorption of nutrients from food. C. It carries food from the mouth to the stomach. D. It carries food from the stomach to the intestines. page 9

10 37. The diagram below shows a human heart. When contracted, the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body. What is the purpose of the aortic valve that separates the left ventricle from the aorta? A. to prevent blood from flowing back into the left ventricle B. to prevent blood from flowing into the aorta C. to push blood into the left ventricle D. to push blood into the aorta 38. Striking the tendon just below the kneecap causes the lower leg to jerk. Moving an object quickly toward the face can cause the eyes to blink shut. These are examples of A. learned responses. B. short-term memory. C. reflex reactions. D. sensory overload. 39. Which of these secretes a hormone that regulates the rate of metabolism of the body? A. spleen B. cerebrum C. thyroid D. kidney page 10

11 40. Which graph could represent a child s growth from kindergarten through the fourth grade? A. B. C. D. 41. Kidneys are bean-shaped organs that filter waste from the bloodstream. Which model best demonstrates how a kidney functions? A. B. C. D. page 11

12 42. Vitamins have important functions in the human body and are necessary for maintaining good health. Which of these is necessary for proper bone formation? A. vitamin A B. vitamin C C. vitamin D D. vitamin K 43. Use the diagram of the two different organisms and the information below to answer the following question(s). Streptococcus is a type of bacteria that causes strep throat in humans. A frog is a multicellular organism that lives in aquatic environments. Which system in the frog produces chemicals that regulate functions in different parts of its body? A. respiratory system B. excretory system C. endocrine system D. circulatory system 44. Use the information and the diagram below to answer the following question(s). Squid are marine animals that have a complete circulatory system and reproduce sexually. A diagram of a squid is shown below. Which of these transports nutrients to the cells of a squid? A. gametes B. blood C. sea water D. nerves page 12

13 45. Use the information below to answer the following question(s). Hummingbirds need large amounts of energy to flap their wings between 60 and 200 times per second. Their wings beat so rapidly that it is difficult to see them move. They often appear suspended in air for extended periods of time without changing their location. Hummingbirds have long bills and grooved tongues to reach into flowers to feed on flower nectar. They also feed on insects. The body system most directly interacting with the skeletal system to enable hummingbirds to beat their wings between 60 and 200 times per second is the A. digestive system B. muscular system C. endocrine system D. circulatory system page 13