Serum 25OHD Changes Following High Rates of. Sun Exposure in Young Subjects with Pigmented. Skin Living in the Tropics
|
|
- John Elliott
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences, Vol. 1, 2013, no. 8, HIKARI Ltd, Serum 25OHD Changes Following High Rates of Sun Exposure in Young Subjects with Pigmented Skin Living in the Tropics Estela Keila Batista Carvalho, Luiz Griz, Thyciara Fontenele, Lara Voss Accioly, Amanda Aleixo de Melo, Lívia Maria Borges Amaral and Francisco Bandeira Divisão de Endocrinologia e Diabetes - Hospital Agamenon Magalhães SUS/Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife. Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Agamenon Magalhães Hospital, SUS/University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. Estela Keila Batista Carvalho Rua. Dep. Pedro Pires Ferreira, 95, apto 1402, Graças Recife- PE, Brazil carvalhokia@hotmail.com Copyright 2013 Estela Keila Batista Carvalho et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Objective: There is an increasingly high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, even in individuals living in sunny climates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in serum 25OHD levels after prolonged sunlight exposure in 10 healthy individuals (3 men,7 women), mean ± SD age 33.±7,39. Methods: The subjects were evaluated on two beaches on the state of Pernambuco s coastline (8º S). Anthropometrical data, information on skin type and exposed body surface were collected and serum 25OHD assayed before and after four hours of sun exposure with a mean UV radiance of 4060w/m 2 with no use of sunscreen. Results: Mean serum 25OHD increased from ± 5.45 ng/ml to ± 6.60 ng/ml after 4 hours exposure to ± 5.81 ng/ml in the assessment at one week. Conclusion: The changes in serum 25OHD levels were far lower than expected for the amount of sun exposure. Considering the harmful effects of solar radiation
2 364 Estela Keila Batista Carvalho et al. on the skin, our data would seem to suggest that unprotected sun exposure may be a less appropriate approach to vitamin D deficiency than oral supplementation. Keywords: 25OHD, vitamin D, sunlight, ultraviolet radiation. INTRODUCTION Vitamin D has received increasing attention with regard to its synthesis, metabolism and action, and has come to be recognized as a pluripotent regulator of biological functions, in addition to its classical effects on bone and calcium homeostasis [11, 15, 18]. This renewed interest in the field of vitamin D has been motivated by the perception of a worldwide trend towards vitamin D deficiency irrespective of age or ethinicity [3, 16] and the recognition of the nonhormonal effects of vitamin D and its metabolites [20]. Serum concentrations of vitamin D are influenced by various factors, such as diet, latitude, season of the year, duration of sun exposure, skin pigmentation, clothing, lifestyle and oral supplementation [17]. The concept of skin types and solar reactivity was formulated by Fitzpatrick [23] in 1975 for the purpose of selecting correct doses of ultraviolet A in the treatment of psoriasis. This concept is currently being used to assess responses to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation in 25OHD serum levels. Individuals are classified according to skin color and their reaction to sun exposure: the less pigmented the skin, the greater its ability to synthesize vitamin D [6]. Skin Types Type I Type II Type III Type IV Type V Type VI Description Very fair skin, always burns, never tans Fair skin, always burns, sometimes tans Less clear skin, sometimes burns, always tans Light brown skin, rarely burns, always tans Dark brown skin, never burns, always tans Dark skin, never burns, always tans Table 1: Fitzpatrick s classification of skin types In countries situated at a high latitude cutaneous production of vitamin D may be extremely low in winter [9], resulting in the term vitamin D winter, suggesting a greater need for vitamin D supplementation in individuals with a low sun exposure [10]. Nonetheless a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency has been reported in recent studies, even in individuals living in sunny countries [1,8].
3 Serum 25OHD changes following high rates of Sun exposure 365 Moreover there are few studies quantifying the response of serum 25OHD to sun exposure. On the other hand, it cannot be doubted that long-term exposure to ultraviolet rays is carcinogenic [7]. Skin cancer, owing to its high prevalence in areas of high sun exposure, has a negative impact on the costs and possible sequelae of basal and squamous cell carcinomas, as well as on the high mortality of the melanomas. On the basis of this, the question is raised as to whether sun exposure would be the optimal strategy for raising the serum 25OHD levels. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in which ten healthy individuals were evaluated. All the study subjects were recruited during visits to the beaches of Cupe and Boa Viagem in the state of Pernambuco (8º S), Brazil, from September to November Exclusion criteria were as follows: age below 18 or over 55 years, use of sunscreen on the day of the experiment, skin diseases and the use of an oral of vitamin D supplement. After informed consent, the subjects were submitted to a full work-up, including laboratory tests in the nonfasting state. The study was approved by the Ethics in Research Committee of Agamenon Magalhães Hospital. The following data was obtained: gender, age (years), weight (kg) and height (m) to calculate BMI (formula: weight/height 2 ) [21], waist circumference (cm), measured in the horizontal plane, with the patient standing, half way between the lower costal margin and the iliac crest [12], systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer, skin type using Fitzpatrick s classification and exposed body surface based on the rule of nines burn chart. All patients underwent blood sampling for determination of 25OHD, PTH, calcium, albumin and creatinine. Serum calcium was corrected for serum albumin levels using the formula: corrected calcium = calcium found + (4 serum albumin) x 0.8. The patients were then allowed to pursue their usual sporting (surfing) or recreational activities, during which they were exposed to solar radiation for, on average, four hours, with about 70% of body surface area exposed. After that they were summoned for a fresh blood collection. Five subjects were submitted to a further collection for 25OHD measurement one week later. Serum albumin calcium and creatinine were measured using the dry chemistry methodology on the VITROS 250/950 (Johnson and Johnson). PTH levels were measured by immunochemiluminescence (Immulite, DPC, Los Angeles, USA), with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation of 4-2 to 5.7% and 6.3 to 6.8%, respectively. Serum 25OHD was assayed using the competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay (Diasorin-Liason, Stillwater, USA), with a
4 366 Estela Keila Batista Carvalho et al. coefficient of variation inter-assay of 8 to 15% and intra-assay of 8 to 13%. The lower limit of detection is 2ng/ml. In the data analysis absolute distributions, percentages and the following statistical measurements were obtained: mean, median and standard deviation, and Spearman s rank correlation coefficient (descriptive statistical techniques), and the paired Student s t-test for comparison of means. The statistical error used was 5.0%. The software employed for the statistical calculations was the SPSS version 15. The estimation of UVB irradiance was carried out using the previously validated FastRT simulation tool ( [4]. For this purpose geographical data such as latitude, longitude and altitude were obtained from RESULTS A total of 10 subjects were studied, of whom seven were female and three male. Skin types ranged from types II to V, type III being the most prevalent, accounting for 50% of the sample, followed by types II and V, each with 20%, and type IV with 10%. The baseline characteristics of the study subjects are shown in Table 1. Mean serum 25OHD rose from ± 5.45 ng/ml prior to sun exposure, to ± 6.60 ng/ml after exposure (p=0.024), and ± 5.81 ng/ml at the late assessment at one week. There was a positive correlation between the changes in serum 25OHD and the exposed body surface (0.625, p=0.053). DISCUSSION This study demonstrated that sun exposure was able to significantly raise the serum levels of 25OHD. This increase, however, was much lower than expected for a prolonged exposure of an extensive area of body surface. Some studies have shown that a 100% exposure of body surface to a minimal erythema dose (MED the lowest dose of radiation able to lead to the formation of cutaneous erythema) would be comparable to oral doses of ergocalciferol ranging from 10,000 to 25,000 IU [19]. And these, for their part, would be able to raise the serum levels of vitamin D to as high as 12 to 48 ng/ml. Other authors have shown even greater increases with exposures to 3 MED. [14] In a recent study Terushkin and cols. used a computer program to estimate equivalences between duration of sun exposure and oral doses of vitamin D in two
5 Serum 25OHD changes following high rates of Sun exposure 367 cities situated at different latitudes in the United States. [2] It was found that a few minutes of sun exposure with 25% of body surface exposed would be equivalent to a dose of 10,000 IU of vitamin D in the summer months in Miami (with the highest UV radiation), particularly in individuals with a lighter skin. Applying our geographical data (latitude, longitude, altitude) to the same program, we obtained a mean UV radiance twice as high as the maximum found in Miami (4060 w/m 2 in Recife and 2000 w/m 2 in Miami). When the results of that study are compared with the conditions in our survey, the duration of sun exposure would lead to equivalent doses ranging from 63,000 UI of vitamin D for the darkest skins to 380,000 IU for the lightest, which would produce a far greater increase in serum levels of 25OHD than that found in our study. One likely explanation for this discrepancy is that a prolonged exposure to UVB rays would in itself convert the precursor of vitamin D into inactive metabolites. Once the precholecalciferol is formed on the skin, it may be isomerized to cholecalciferol or absorb ultraviolet B radiation, being photoisomerized into the biologically inactive forms tachysterol and lumisterol [13]. Sunlight itself thus seems to be an important regulator of vitamin D intoxication following prolonged sun exposure [5]. It is important to underline that most research involving equivalence studies of sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation uses computer programs, which are prepared using data obtained after studies with artificial sources of UV radiation. In addition, those equivalences may be more applicable to individuals with barely pigmented skin. In a study of civil construction workers in the United States, the authors found a significant correlation between the solar index (number of hours of weekly sun exposure in relation to body surface exposed) and serum 25OHD levels [22]. It has also been shown that these levels were significantly higher in summer than in winter. However, Binkley and cols. found a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (considering a cutoff of 30 ng/ml for serum 25OHD), in a Hawaiian population with a high index of sun exposure [8]. In our study there was a trend towards a greater increase in 25OHD levels in individuals with a larger area of body surface exposed, which is in agreement with the data found in the literature [5, 13, 22]. The smallest increases in 25OHD were seen in the subjects with the most pigmented skin (Fitzpatrick types IV and V), albeit without statistical significance (p = 0.181). In conclusion, we found that the changes in serum 25OHD levels in response to a high rate of UV radiation were far lower than expected for the amount of sun exposure. Considering the harmful effects of solar radiation on the skin, our data
6 368 Estela Keila Batista Carvalho et al. would seem to suggest that unprotected sun exposure may be a less appropriate approach to vitamin D deficiency than oral supplementation. REFERENCES [1] A. Aggarwal, A. Pandey, M. Sahu, V. Bhatia, V. Rawat, V. Das, P. Saxena. Vitamin D deficiency in rural girls and pregnant women despite abundant sunshine in northern India Clinical Endocrinology 2009; 70, [2] A. Bender, A.C. Halpern, E.L. Psaty, O. Engelsen, S. Q. Wang, V. Terushkin. Estimated equivalency of vitamin D production from natural sun exposure versus oral vitamin D supplementation across seasons at two US latitudes. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;62:929.e1-e9 [3] A. Chines, N.M. van Schoor, N. O. Lips, P Kuchuk, S.M. Pluijm. Vitamin D status, parathyroid function, bone turnover, and BMD in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: global perspective. J Bone Miner Res 2009; 24: [4] A. Kylling, O. Engelsen. Fast simulation tool for ultraviolet radiation at the earth s surface. Opt Eng 2005;44: [5] A.R. Webb, B.R. de Costa, M.F. Holick. Sunlight regulates the cutaneous production of vitamin D 3 by causing its photodegradation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989; 68: [6] B.A. Gilchrest. Sun exposure and vitamin D sufficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 570S 7S. [7] B.A. Gilchrest. Sun exposure and vitamin D sufficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 570S 7S. [8] D. Krueger, G. Lensmeyer, N. Binkley, R. Novotny, T. Kawahara, Y.G. Daida et al. Low vitamin D status despite abundant sun exposure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92: [9] E. Lund O. Engelsen, M. B rustad, L. Aksnes. Daily duration of vitamin D synthesis in human skin with relation to latitude, total ozone, altitude, ground cover, aerosols and cloud thickness. Photochem Photobiol 2005;81:
7 Serum 25OHD changes following high rates of Sun exposure 369 [10] H. Glerup, E. Hass, E.F. Eriksen, K. Mikkelsen, J. Thomsen, L. Poulsen, P. Charles, S. Overbeck,. Commonly recommended daily intake of v itamin D is not sufficient if sunlight exposure is limited Journal of Internal Medicine 2000; 247: [11] H.S. Cross, M. Peterlik. Vitamin D and calcium deficits predispose for multiple chronic diseases. Eur J Clin Invest. 2005; 35: [12] J. Shaw, K. Alberti, P. Zimmet. Metabolic syndrome a new world-wide definition. A Consensus Statement from the International Diabetes Federation. Diabet Med 2006; 23 : [13] J.A. MacLaughlin, M.F. Holick, S.H. Doppelt. Factors that influence the cutaneous photosynthesis of previtamin D3. Science 1981;211: [14] J.A. Parrish, J.S. Adams, M.F. Holick, T.L. Clemens. Vitamin-D synthesis and metabolism after ultraviolet irradiation of normal and vitamin-d-deficient subjects. N Engl J Med 1982;306: [15] J.E. Manson, H.D. Sesso,Y. Song, L. Wang. Systematic Review: Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation in Prevention of Cardiovascular Events Ann Intern Med. 2010;152: [16] J.P. Bonjour, P. Burckhardt, B. Dawson-Hughes, J.A. Eisman, G. El-Hajj Fuleihan, R.G. Josse, P. Lips, A. Mithal, J. Morales-Torres, D.A.Wahl. Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D. Osteoporos Int 2009; 20: [17] J.S. Adams, M. Huewison. Update in Vitamin D J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95: , 2010 [18] M. A. Moyad. The potential benefits of dietary and/or supplemental calcium and vitamin D. Urol Oncol. 2003; 21: [19] M. F. Holick. Environmental factors that influence the cutaneous production of vitamin D. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1995; 61:638S 645S. [20] M. Hewison. Vitamin D and innate immunity. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2008, 9: [21] M.C. Mancini. Obesidade: epidemiologia, diagnostico e tratamento clinico. Em: Bandeira F, Graf H, Griz L, Faria M, Lazaretti-Castro M, eds. Endocrinologia e Diabetes, 2ª Ed, Rio de Janeiro: MEDBOOK Editora Científica; 2009:
8 370 Estela Keila Batista Carvalho et al. [22] M.J. Barger-Lux, R.P. Reaney. Effects of Above Average Summer Sun Exposure on serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Calcium Absorption. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: [23] T.B. Fitzpatrick. The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Arch Dermatol 1988;124: TABLE 2- Characteristics of participants at entry Age (yr) 33 ± 7,39 BMI (Kg/m²) 23,71 ± 3,32 Waist circumference (cm) 83,8 ± 7,66 BSA exposed to sunlight 73,8 ± 22,77 SAP (mmhg) 112 ± 13,17 DAP (mmhg) 74 ± 10,72 PTH (pg/ml) 47,99 ± 33,69 Serum calcium (mg/dl) 9,52 ± 0,43 Serum albumin (mg/dl) 4,21 ± 0,24 Serum creatinin (mg/dl) 0,79 ± 0,17 Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PTH, parathyroid hormone. Data as average and standard deviation
9 Serum 25OHD changes following high rates of Sun exposure 371 Mean and SD of 25OHD, before and after sun exposure and late assessment at one week 25OHD levels before and after sun exposure in each individual Received: July 9, 2012
Vitamin D. Vitamin functioning as hormone. Todd A Fearer, MD FACP
Vitamin D Vitamin functioning as hormone Todd A Fearer, MD FACP Vitamin overview Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential in small amounts for normal metabolism They are different from minerals
More informationVitamin D in At-Risk Populations. Bonny Specker, PhD EA Martin Program in Human Nutrition South Dakota State University
Vitamin D in At-Risk Populations Bonny Specker, PhD EA Martin Program in Human Nutrition South Dakota State University Outline Introduction Factors Influencing Endogenous Synthesis of Vitamin D Sun exposure
More informationThe Relationship Between Serum 25(OH)D and Parathyroid Hormone Levels
CLINICAL RESEARCH STUDY The Relationship Between Serum 25(OH)D and Parathyroid Hormone Levels Walid Saliba, MD, MPH, a Ofra Barnett, PhD, a Hedy S. Rennert, MPH, a Idit Lavi, MA, a Gad Rennert, MD, PhD
More informationAssessment of the feasibility of using sunlight exposure to obtain the recommended level of vitamin D in Canada
Assessment of the feasibility of using sunlight exposure to obtain the recommended level of vitamin D in Canada Pavandeep Gill MD, Sunil Kalia MD MHSc Abstract Background: Endogenous vitamin D synthesis
More informationWho, what, where and when influences on cutaneous vitamin D synthesis
Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 92 (2006) 17 25 Review Who, what, where and when influences on cutaneous vitamin D synthesis Ann R. Webb University of Manchester, UK Available online 28 February
More informationViews and Practice. Vitamin D and dermatology. Source of vitamin D
Hong Kong J. Dermatol. Venereol. (2014) 22, 124-129 Views and Practice Vitamin D and dermatology SC Ng and TS Cheng The role of vitamin D has been well-established in calcium homeostasis and bone health
More informationDecreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity 1 3
Original Research Communications Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity 1 3 Jacobo Wortsman, Lois Y Matsuoka, Tai C Chen, Zhiren Lu, and Michael F Holick ABSTRACT Background: Obesity is associated
More informationESPEN Congress Prague 2007
ESPEN Congress Prague 2007 Key papers in the field of nutrition Dietitian Geila S Rozen Key Papers in the field of Nutrition ESPEN 2007 Prague Geila S Rozen Clinical Nutrition Dep. Rambam health campus
More informationOriginal Article The epidemic investigation of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in the adults in Qujing area of Yunnan province in China
Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015;8(8):9597-9601 www.ijcep.com /ISSN:1936-2625/IJCEP0013259 Original Article The epidemic investigation of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in the adults in Qujing area of Yunnan
More informationPsoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory, T-cell mediated
Narrowband UVB Treatment Increases Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Patients With Chronic Plaque Psoriasis Seyamak Saleky, MD; Işıl Bulur, MD; Zeynep Nurhan Saraçoğlu, MD PRACTICE POINTS The 25-hydroxyvitamin
More informationUVR Protection and Vitamin D
UVR Protection and Vitamin D Some people are confused about whether they should get more sun to make sure they get enough vitamin D. This information sheet explains that you need to protect yourself from
More informationVITAMIN D IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
VITAMIN D IN HEALTH AND DISEASE Margus Lember University of Tartu, Estonia ESIM, Saas Fee, January 16, 2014 l It`s most healthy to live on the southern side of a mountain l Hippokrates of Kos 460-370 BC
More informationVitamin D & Cardiovascular Disease
Vitamin D & Cardiovascular Disease Disclosures None Vitamin D Objectives: Discuss the basics of vitamin D metabolism Discuss the role of vitamin D deficiency in the development of coronary disease Review
More informationThe Impact of Life Style & Dietary Habits on Vitamin D status Among Young Emiratis. Fatme Al Anouti, Ph.D. Zayed University, Abu Dhabi
The Impact of Life Style & Dietary Habits on Vitamin D status Among Young Emiratis Fatme Al Anouti, Ph.D. Zayed University, Abu Dhabi The Sun-Shine Vitamin Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized
More informationJournal of Pediatric Sciences
Journal of Pediatric Sciences Effect of vitamin D supplementation on growth parameters in children with Vitamin D deficiency Yashwant Rao, Tanu Midha, Prashant Tripathi, Satyajeet Singh, Rahul Deo Sharma,
More informationIn addition to bone health, emerging science reveals a non-skeletal benefit of vitamin D for several other health outcomes.
Vitamin D AT A GLANCE Introduction Vitamin D comprises a group of fat-soluble compounds that are essential for maintaining the mineral balance in the body. The vitamin D form synthesized in humans is called
More informationOverview. Musculoskeletal consequences of Vitamin D deficiency. Non-musculoskeletal associations of Vitamin D deficiency
Vitamin D Zulf Mughal Consultant in Paediatric Bone Disorders Department of Paediatric Endocriology Royal Manchester Children's Hospital Manchester M13 0JH Bone Study Day, 28 th September 2012 Overview
More informationSunbed Use in Europe: Important Health Benefits and Minimal Health Risks
Sunbed Use in Europe: Important Health Benefits and Minimal Health Risks William B. Grant, Ph.D. Director Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, San Francisco Outline Health Benefits of UV exposure
More informationVITAMIN D AND THE ATHLETE
VITAMIN D AND THE ATHLETE CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE PRACTITIONER Written by Bruce Hamilton, Qatar Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that has previously been given little attention, partially as a result of its
More informationDr Seeta Durvasula.
Dr Seeta Durvasula seeta.durvasula@sydney.edu.au 1 Avoid sun skin cancer risk Australia has highest rates of skin cancer in the world Epidemic of Vitamin D deficiency Lack of Vitamin D increases risk of
More informationoriginal Se Hwa Kim 1), Tae Ho Kim 1) and Soo-Kyung Kim 2)
Endocrine Journal 2014, 61 (12), 1197-1204 original Effect of high parathyroid hormone level on bone mineral density in a vitamin D-sufficient population: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination
More informationThe effect of sun exposure on 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in young healthy subjects living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research (2007) 40: 1653-1659 25-Hydroxyvitamin D status in young healthy subjects ISSN 0100-879X 1653 The effect of sun exposure on 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations
More informationEffects of seasonal variation and maternal clothing style on vitamin D levels of mothers and their infants
The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics 2014; 56: 475-481 Original Effects of seasonal variation and maternal clothing style on vitamin D levels of mothers and their infants Bahar Çuhacı-Çakır 1, Fatma Demirel
More informationCALCIUM INTAKE MAY be one of the many factors that
0021-972X/05/$15.00/0 The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 90(2):707 711 Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 2005 by The Endocrine Society doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-1380 Lack of Effect of Calcium Intake
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia 1 (2015) 121e126. Original article
HOSTED BY Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia 1 (2015) 121e126 Original article What is an appropriate dosage and interval of vitamin D 2 supplementation
More informationAlex Chin. Opinion Letter VITAMIN D ANA. Dr. Alex Chin T2L 2K8. in laboratory
Vitamin D Analyte of thee Millennium OPINION LETTER VITAMIN Alex Chin D ANA Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Alberta Canadaa & Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary,
More informationTHE SUNSHINE VITAMIN. Maureen Molini, MPH, RDN, CSSD University of Nevada Reno Student Health Services
THE SUNSHINE VITAMIN Maureen Molini, MPH, RDN, CSSD University of Nevada Reno Student Health Services Vitamin vs. Prohormone Technically not a vitamin since it isn t obtained solely through diet Synthesized
More informationVitamin D Levels, Dietary Intake, and Photoprotective Behaviors Among Patients With Skin Cancer
Vitamin D Levels, Dietary Intake, and Photoprotective Behaviors Among Patients With Skin Cancer Laura K. DeLong, MD, MPH,* Sarah Wetherington, BS,* Nikki Hill, MD,* Meena Kumari, MD, Bryan Gammon, MD,*
More informationDBC 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
D I A G N O S T I C S B I O C H E M C A N A D A DBC 25-Hydroxyvitamin D ELISA OVERVIEW The worldwide aging and chronically ill population is increasing rapidly. It is forecasted that the Global Vitamin
More informationHellenic Endocrine Society position statement: Clinical management of Vitamin D Deficiency. Spyridon Karras MD, Phd Endocrinologist
Hellenic Endocrine Society position statement: Clinical management of Vitamin D Deficiency Spyridon Karras MD, Phd Endocrinologist Pregnancy We recommend a minimum intake of 600 international units of
More informationPrevalence Of Vitamin D Inadequacy In Peri And Postmenopausal Women Presented At Dow University Hospital, Ojha Campus. A Cross Sectional Study
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness Volume 12 Number 1 Prevalence Of Vitamin D Inadequacy In Peri And Postmenopausal Women Presented At Dow University S Shukar-ud-din, R Tabassum,
More informationPOSITION STATEMENT Vit D
POSITION STATEMENT Vit D APPROVED BY THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND BONE AND MINERAL SOCIETY, RISKS AND BENEFITS OF SUN EXPOSURE POSITION STATEMENT Summary statement A balance is required between avoiding
More informationVitamin D and Calcium
Vitamin D and Calcium American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Marina Del Rey, CA September 15, 2018 Albert Shieh, MD MS Assistant Clinical Professor Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology
More informationUnderstanding Vitamin D: To D or not to D? Anastassios G Pittas, MD MS Tufts Medical Center
Understanding Vitamin D: To D or not to D? Anastassios G Pittas, MD MS Tufts Medical Center D2dstudy.org pittas@d2dstudy.org Disclosure: NIH funding Popularity of vitamin D RESEARCH CONSUMERS 40000 Publications
More informationThe Solar Exposure Time Required for Vitamin D 3 Synthesis in the Human Body Estimated by Numerical Simulation and Observation in Japan
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol, 59, 57 63, 3 The Solar Exposure Time Required for Vitamin D 3 Synthesis in the Human Body Estimated by Numerical Simulation and Observation in Japan Masaatsu Miyauchi, Chizuko Hirai
More information25(OH) Vitamin D ELISA (BD-220BA), 192 Tests
INTENDED USE The 25-hydroxy (25-OH) Vitamin D ELISA is intended for the quantitative determination of total 25-OH Vitamin D in human serum and Plasma. SUMMARY AND EXPLANATION Vitamin D is a steroid hormone
More informationFOR CONSUMERS AND PATIENTS
AVAILABILITY OF VITAMIN D FOR CONSUMERS AND PATIENTS Prof. Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari, MD, DrPH Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich Dept. of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich Overview
More informationHow The Skin Tans. How The Skin Tans
How The Skin Tans How The Skin Tans Our natural skin colour is determined by skin pigment melanin and the presence and amount of melanin in an individual is determined by hereditary factors. When our skin
More informationEffectiveness of Diet Therapy and sun Exposure in Elevation of Vitamin D Level
International Research Journal of Medical Sciences ISSN 2320 7353 Effectiveness of Diet Therapy and sun Exposure in Elevation of Vitamin D Level Abstract Chatterjee Subhadip and Nandi Ratna * Department
More informationElecsys bone marker panel. Optimal patient management starts in the laboratory
bone marker panel Optimal patient management starts in the laboratory Complete solution for osteoporosis The most complete bone metabolism panel on a single platform bone marker assays are important diagnostic
More informationThe Global Solar UV Index and Health Effects of UV Exposure
German Meteorological Service, Human Biometeorology, Stefan-Meier-Str. 4, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany The Global Solar UV Index and Health Effects of UV Exposure Introduction Everyone is exposed to Ultraviolet
More informationVitamin D, Sunlight Exposure, and Bone Density in Elderly African American Females of Low Socioeconomic Status
Vol. 42, No. 1 47 Clinical Research and Methods Vitamin D, Sunlight Exposure, and Bone Density in Elderly African American Females of Low Socioeconomic Status Sally P. Weaver, PhD, MD; Cindy Passmore,
More informationSun Safety and Skin Cancer Prevention. Maryland Skin Cancer Prevention Program
Sun Safety and Skin Cancer Prevention Maryland Skin Cancer Prevention Program Do You Know the Facts About Skin Cancer? Skin cancer is the most common cancer but also the most preventable Childhood sunburn
More informationUpdate on vitamin D. J Chris Gallagher Professor of Medicine and Endocrinology Creighton University Omaha,Nebraska USA
Update on vitamin D J Chris Gallagher Professor of Medicine and Endocrinology Creighton University Omaha,Nebraska 68131 USA Cali, Colombia 2016 definitions DRIs are the recommended dietary reference intakes
More informationVITAMIN D STATUS OF AMERICAN ADULTS AGE 18 YEARS AND OLDER: NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY and Kayla K.
VITAMIN D STATUS OF AMERICAN ADULTS AGE 18 YEARS AND OLDER: NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY 2001-2002 and 2003-2004 Kayla K. Scherf A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling
More informationNIH Public Access Author Manuscript Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 December 01.
NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 December 01. Published in final edited form as: Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2012
More informationVitamin D: Is it a superhero??
Vitamin D: Is it a superhero?? Dr. Ashraf Abdel Basset Bakr Prof. of Pediatrics 1 2 History of vitamin D discovery Sources of vitamin D and its metabolism 13 Actions of vitamin D 4 Vitamin D deficiency
More informationVitamin D Status in Females of Urban Population
Original Article Vitamin D Status in Females of Urban Population Naghmi Asif 1, Saeed Alam 2, Shaheen Mehmood 3 and Rehan Uppal 4 1Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Islamabad Medical and Dental
More informationDiagnosis and Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency Workshop. UV: The original Source! How to use it
Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency Workshop UV: The original Source! How to use it April 9, 2010 Edward D. Gorham, Ph.D., Cedric F. Garland, Dr.P.H., and Sharif B. Mohr, M.P.H., Frank C. Garland,
More informationVITAMIN D CRITICAL TO BONE HEALTH
VITAMIN D CRITICAL TO BONE HEALTH Vitamin D supplementation is now all the rage, as physicians are finally realizing that many diseases are caused by Vitamin D deficiencies. It will be helpful to know
More informationVitamin D Status in Korea
Review Article Endocrinol Metab 2013;28:12-16 http://dx.doi.org/10.3803/enm.2013.28.1.12 pissn 2093-596X eissn 2093-5978 Vitamin D Status in Korea Han Seok Choi Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism,
More informationAssociation between Night-shift Work and Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Japanese Male Indoor Workers: A Cross-sectional Study
658 Short Communication H ITOH et al. Association between Night-shift Work and Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Japanese Male Indoor Workers: A Cross-sectional Study Hiroaki ITOH 1 *, Zuquan WENG 1,
More informationVitamin D Status among Patients Attending Hussein Medical Center for Diabetes in Jordan
Vitamin D Status among Patients Attending Hussein Medical Center for Diabetes in Jordan Muwafag Hyari MD*, Hala Abu-Romman MD ** ABSTRACT Objective: Vitamin D is a steroid fat soluble vitamin, in which
More informationIOM DRI Research Synthesis Workshop June 7-8, 2006
The Dietary Requirement for Vitamin D: Looking Beyond Bone Bruce W. Hollis, Ph.D. Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC Presentation: Dr. Bruce Hollis 1 Metabolism of Vitamin D Under Conditions
More informationBenefits of Vitamin D for Cancer and Pregnancy/Birth Outcomes. William B. Grant, PhD Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, San Francisco
Benefits of Vitamin D for Cancer and Pregnancy/Birth Outcomes William B. Grant, PhD Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, San Francisco Disclosure I receive funding from Bio Tech Pharmacal, Inc.
More informationNarrowband TL01 for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency in individuals of Fitzpatrick skin type IV & V.
Original article: Narrowband TL01 for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency in individuals of Fitzpatrick skin type IV & V. Mayank Shukla, Prof (Dr). Shweta Shenoy, Dr. Amrinder Singh, Prof. (Dr). J.S.
More informationThe Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Benghazi Population
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-issn:2278-3008, p-issn:2319-7676. Volume 13, Issue 4 Ver. I (Jul Aug 2018), PP 36-42 www.iosrjournals.org The Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency
More information25-Hydroxy Vitamin D TOTAL (25HD) on Liaison XL
25-Hydroxy Vitamin D TOTAL (25HD) on Liaison XL I. PRINCIPLE The role of vitamin D in bone and mineral metabolism was recognized from its first identification as a factor that could cure rickets. However,
More informationSupplementary Information to Chapter 36
REVIEW ON VITAMIN-D NEW INSIGHTS Elmer Verner McCollum (1879-1967) was the first to discover the antirachitic vitamin which he named as vitamin D in the early part of 20th century (1919). He had earlier
More informationVitamin D Replacement ROCKY MOUNTAIN MEETING NOV 2013 BANFF W.COKE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
Vitamin D Replacement ROCKY MOUNTAIN MEETING NOV 2013 BANFF W.COKE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO Disclosures: (Academic Mea Culpa) No financial conflicts I have no expertise re: Vitamin D. OBJECTIVES: 1) Review
More informationSteroid hormone vitamin D: Implications for cardiovascular disease Circulation research. 2018; 122:
Steroid hormone vitamin D: Implications for cardiovascular disease Circulation research. 2018; 122:1576-1585 November 20, 2010: Canadian and US government request the Institute of Medicine to provide a
More informationOutline. The Role of Vitamin D in CKD. Essential Role of Vitamin D. Mechanism of Action of Vit D. Mechanism of Action of Vit D 7/16/2010
Outline The Role of Vitamin D in CKD Priscilla How, Pharm.D., BCPS Assistant Professor National University of Singapore Principal Clinical Pharmacist National University Hospital (Pharmacy and Nephrology,
More informationVitamin D blood levels of Canadians
Catalogue no.82-624 X ISSN 1925-6493 Article Vitamin D blood levels of Canadians by Teresa Janz and Caryn Pearson Health Statistics Division January 2013 How to obtain more information For information
More informationHealth Sciences Department, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children s University Hospital,
Determinants of vitamin D levels in Italian children and adolescents: a longitudinal evaluation of cholecalciferol supplementation versus the improvement of factors influencing (OH)D status Stefano Stagi,
More informationResearch Paper Outline
Anika De Vore P.1 9/23/11 Research Paper Outline I. Introduction: Ultraviolet Radiation Main Ideas: Description & Origins of Term Ultraviolet Classification Sources of UV Blocking UV Variability of UV
More informationCorrecting poor vitamin D status: Do older adults need higher repletion doses of vitamin D 3 than younger adults?
Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2010, 54, 1 8 DOI 10.1002/mnfr.200900536 1 REVIEW Correcting poor vitamin D status: Do older adults need higher repletion doses of vitamin D 3 than younger adults? Susan J. Whiting
More informationSolar ultraviolet-b radiation and vitamin D: a cross-sectional population-based study using data from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey
Solar ultraviolet-b radiation and vitamin D: a cross-sectional population-based study using data from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey A BC DEF B E BB D E E E E E E C E E E EF C E E E E
More informationCancer Association of South Africa (CANSA)
Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA) Fact Sheet on the Use of Sunbeds Introduction A sunbed, also known as a tanning bed or sun tanning bed, is a device that emits ultraviolet radiation (typically
More informationJOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 1.393, ISSN: , Volume 2, Issue 7, August 2014
HYPOVITAMINOSIS D IN INDIAN FEMALES WITH POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS DR. SHAH WALIULLAH 1 DR. VINEET SHARMA 2 DR. R N SRIVASTAVA 3 DR. YASHODHARA PRADEEP 4 DR. A A MAHDI 5 DR. SANTOSH KUMAR 6 1 Research
More informationVitamin D and Calcium Therapy: how much is enough
Vitamin D and Calcium Therapy: how much is enough Daniel D Bikle, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine VA Medical Center and University of California San Francisco DISCLOSURE Nothing to disclose 1 RECOMMENDATIONS
More informationBAD TO THE BONE. Peter Jones, Rheumatologist QE Health, Rotorua. GP CME Conference Rotorua, June 2008
BAD TO THE BONE Peter Jones, Rheumatologist QE Health, Rotorua GP CME Conference Rotorua, June 2008 Agenda Osteoporosis in Men Vitamin D and Calcium Long-term treatment with Bisphosphonates Pathophysiology
More informationThe Endocrine Society Guidelines
Vitamin D and Calcium Therapy: how much is enough DISCLOSURE Daniel D Bikle, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine VA Medical Center and University of California San Francisco Nothing to disclose RECOMMENDATIONS
More informationMEDICAL POLICY EFFECTIVE DATE: 08/21/14 REVISED DATE: 04/16/15, 06/16/16, 07/20/17 SUBJECT: SCREENING FOR VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY
MEDICAL POLICY SUBJECT: SCREENING FOR VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY A nonprofit independent licensee of the BlueCross BlueShield Association PAGE: 1 OF: 5 If a product excludes coverage for a service, it is not
More informationInternational Journal of Medical Science and Education pissn eissn
ASSOCIATION OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY WITH DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS OF PARENTS OF INDIAN CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OF AGE Deepandra Garg 1, Reshu Gupta 2 *, Jitendra Ahuja 3 1. Associate
More informationVitamin D. Mrs Sophie Barnes FRCPath Consultant Clinical Scientist
Vitamin D Mrs Sophie Barnes FRCPath Consultant Clinical Scientist Learning objectives Biochemistry and physiology of vitamin D Causes and consequences of vitamin D deficiency Current and anticipated guidelines
More informationOSTEOMALACIA UPDATE. Nothing to Disclose. Daniel D Bikle, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine University of California and VA Medical Center San Francisco
OSTEOMALACIA UPDATE Daniel D Bikle, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine University of California and VA Medical Center San Francisco Nothing to Disclose 1 Case History 59 YO WM referred for evaluation of diffuse
More informationDisclosure 7/2/2018. Consultant : Ultragenyx, Alexion, Ferrings. Research grant support: Ultragenyx, Shire, Amgen. Clinical Trial : Ultragynyx, Amgen
Pisit (Duke) Pitukcheewanont, MD, FAAP Clinical Director, Pediatric Bone Program, Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism Children s Hospital Los Angeles Professor of Clinical Pediatrics The Keck
More informationVitamin D Status of an Outpatient Clinic Population
Calcif Tissue Int (2001) 69:263 267 DOI: 10.1007/s002230010054 2001 Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Vitamin D Status of an Outpatient Clinic Population L. Margiloff, 1 S. S. Harris, 2 S. Lee, 3 R. Lechan,
More informationVitamin D Deficiency. Micol Rothman, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Clinical Director Metabolic Bone Program University of CO-Denver
Vitamin D Deficiency Micol Rothman, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Clinical Director Metabolic Bone Program University of CO-Denver 50 yo woman referred for osteoporosis What is striking about her
More informationOverview of the conference Vitamin D and Health in the 21st Century: an Update 1 4
Overview of the conference Vitamin D and Health in the 21st Century: an Update 1 4 Patsy M Brannon, Elizabeth A Yetley, Regan L Bailey, and Mary Frances Picciano ABSTRACT We summarize the key findings,
More informationOriginal Article. Elizabeth Kos, MD 1 ; Mary Jo Liszek, MD 2 ; Mary Ann Emanuele, MD 3 ; Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, PhD 4 ; Pauline Camacho, MD, FACE 3
Original Article Elizabeth Kos, MD 1 ; Mary Jo Liszek, MD 2 ; Mary Ann Emanuele, MD 3 ; Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, PhD 4 ; Pauline Camacho, MD, FACE 3 ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the effect of metformin
More informationPrevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Korean Children Presenting with Nonspecific Lower-Extremity Pain
Original Article Yonsei Med J 1 Sep;6():1384-1388 pissn: 13-796 eissn: 1976-2437 Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Korean Children Presenting with Nonspecific Lower-Extremity Pain Min Jung Park 1,
More informationAssociation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and depressive symptoms in Japanese: analysis by survey season
University of Massachusetts Amherst From the SelectedWorks of Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar Summer August 19, 2009 Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and depressive symptoms in Japanese: analysis
More informationVitamin D in Pregnancy and Infancy
Vitamin D in Pregnancy and Infancy Charles B. Stephensen, Ph.D. USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center and Nutrition Department, UC Davis Vitamin D Outline Metabolism of vitamin D Calcium Balance
More informationAssessment of vitamin D levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome
ORIGINAL ARTICLE East J Med 21(4): 178-182, 2016 Assessment of vitamin D levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome Hakki Simsek and Naci Babat * Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology
More informationPrevalence of Hypovitaminosis D in Adult Iraqi People Including Postmenopausal Women
Scientific Research Journal (SCIRJ), Volume IV, Issue IX, September 2016 53 Prevalence Hypovitaminosis D in Adult Iraqi People Including Postmenopausal Women Al-Hilali, K. A., FRCP Assist. Pressor Medicine,
More informationContinuing Education for Pharmacy Technicians Dietary Supplements: Calcium and Vitamin D
1 Continuing Education for Pharmacy Technicians Dietary Supplements: Calcium and Vitamin D Ashley Elliott, PharmD candidate Julie N. Bosler, PharmD McWhorter School of Pharmacy Birmingham, AL Objectives:
More informationSymposium: Vitamin D Insufficiency: A Significant Risk Factor in Chronic Diseases and Potential Disease-Specific Biomarkers of Vitamin D Sufficiency
Symposium: Vitamin D Insufficiency: A Significant Risk Factor in Chronic Diseases and Potential Disease-Specific Biomarkers of Vitamin D Sufficiency Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels Indicative of
More informationFarhad Nasr Chimeh, M.D.
Farhad Nasr Chimeh, M.D. CURRICULUM VITAE Personal Information Business: Avicenna Medical Group 435 N. Bedford drive, # 310 Beverly Hills, CA, 90210 310-858-1800 DOB Citizenship 08/16/1961, Iran American
More informationVitamin D physiology
Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 92 (2006) 4 8 Review Vitamin D physiology P. Lips www.elsevier.com/locate/pbiomolbio Department of Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057,
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY DATA. Supplementary Table 1. Baseline Patient Characteristics
Supplementary Table 1. Baseline Patient Characteristics Normally distributed data are presented as mean (±SD), data that were not of a normal distribution are presented as median (ICR). The baseline characteristics
More informationThe effect of supplementation with vitamin D on recurrent ischemic events and sudden cardiac death in patients with acute coronary syndrome
CRC IRB Proposal Matthew Champion PGY-1 8/29/12 The effect of supplementation with vitamin D on recurrent ischemic events and sudden cardiac death in patients with acute coronary syndrome Study Purpose
More informationJMSCR Vol 06 Issue 12 Page December 2018
www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factor (SJIF): 6.379 Index Copernicus Value: 79.54 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i12.157 A comparative study of two
More informationSerum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels Among Boston Trainee Doctors in Winter
Nutrients 2012, 4, 197-207; doi:10.3390/nu4030197 Article OPEN ACCESS nutrients ISSN 2072-6643 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels Among Boston Trainee Doctors in Winter Amanda
More informationWelcome to mmlearn.org
Welcome to mmlearn.org VITAMIN D SUNSHINE VITAMIN INTRODUCTION Familiar with skeletal needs Rickets Osteoporosis Fractures INTRODUCTION Not as familiar other associations Immune system Cancer Cardiovascular
More informationVitamin D insufficiency in children, adolescents, and young adults with cystic fibrosis despite routine oral supplementation 1 3
Vitamin D insufficiency in children, adolescents, and young adults with cystic fibrosis despite routine oral supplementation 1 3 Alisha J Rovner, Virginia A Stallings, Joan I Schall, Mary B Leonard, and
More informationVitamin D Deficiency: Information for Cancer Patients. A Publication of The Bone and Cancer Foundation
Vitamin D Deficiency: Information for Cancer Patients A Publication of The Bone and Cancer Foundation Contents INTRODUCTION (PAGE 2). VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY - A WORLDWIDE PROBLEM (PAGE 2). SOURCES AND TYPES
More informationYEAST A NATURAL SOLUTION
Lalmin Vitamin D Yeast: An All Natural Solution for Deficiency YEAST A NATURAL SOLUTION THE ROLE OF VITAMIN D Vitamin D refers to a group of fat-soluble vitamins, mainly the two forms called vitamin D2
More informationEnclosed you will find our revised manuscript, entitled Sunlight for better or for worse?. One version with, one without track changes.
Noordwijk, 03-02-2016 Dear Editor, Enclosed you will find our revised manuscript, entitled Sunlight for better or for worse?. One version with, one without track changes. In response to the reviewers constructive
More informationTHE IMPORTANCE OF ADEQUATE
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Relationship Between Serum Parathyroid Hormone Levels, Vitamin D Sufficiency, and Calcium Intake Laufey Steingrimsdottir, PhD Orvar Gunnarsson, MD Olafur S. Indridason, MD, MHS Leifur
More information