Abstract. Keywords: Biochemical estimation; Metabolites; Cucumis callosus; Citrullus Colocynthis; Luffa acutangula; Protein; Lipid.
|
|
- Jeremy Park
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 International Journal of Applied Agricultural Research ISSN Volume 5 Number 3 (2010) pp Research India Publications Protein and Oil Quantification from Less Explored Arid Cucurbits - Cucumis Callosus (Rottle.), Citrullus Colocynthis (L.) and Luffa Acutangula (L.) Roxb Payal Singh Soam *, Tribhuwan Singh and Rekha Vijayvergia Plant Pathology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur , India * payalsinghsoam@yahoo.co.in Abstract In present study, biochemical estimation of metabolites is done to explore potential of some less explored cucurbits, as the family Cucurbitaceae is a major family which provides fruits and vegetables which are of great nutritional value and medicinal importance thus serve as boon to health. The study deals with Cucumis callosus (Rottle.), Citrullus colocynthis (L.) and Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. In laboratory estimation of primary metabolites of these, it is found that protein (180, 268 and 231 mg/gdw, respectively) and lipid (248, 246 and 227 mg/gdw, respectively) contents is higher in seeds of all three plants. Maximum amount of Phenol was estimated in stems of L. acutangula (6.9 mg/gdw), C. callosus (6.29 mg/gdw), and leaves of C. colocynthis (6.37mg/gdw). Keywords: Biochemical estimation; Metabolites; Cucumis callosus; Citrullus Colocynthis; Luffa acutangula; Protein; Lipid. Introduction Non-conventional foods including fruits, leaves and grains consumed in various parts of the Indian subcontinent were analysed for their nutritional value. Many communities living close to nature like the tribals have acquired unique knowledge about the properties and uses of wild plants, most of which are not known to the outside world[1] Many of the plants that are used by the local people of the country
2 350 Payal Singh Soam et al have great nutritional value, find mention in ancient medicinal literature and are also used in different medicinal systems such as, the Ayurveda and Unani. For example Citrullus colocynthis that is used by the tribal people of Rajasthan for curing rheumatism and leucoderma finds mention in Ayurveda for curing the same diseases. It is one of the main ingredients of Narayan Churna and Sukhvirechani vati the ayurvedic medicines. In Unani system of medicine it is used for curing kala-azar [2]. Aim of this work is to explore potential of some less explored cucurbit as the Cucurbitaceae is a major fruits and vegetables producing family which are of great medicinal importance and serve as boon to health. Culture and use of cucurbits or squashes have been traced to more than 10,000 years ago. Although still not widely used by the food industry, squashes are consumed worldwide. Fruits are consumed as vegetables or dessert (pie) and seeds as nuts and, to a lesser extent, as cooking oil [3]. Because of their resistance to drought and the high protein (23 35%) and oil (25 55%) contents of their seeds, cucurbits have attracted the attention of many growers and plant breeders within the past 50 years[4]. This peace of work consist study of metabolites of Cucumis callosus (Rottle.), Citrullus colocynthis (L.) and Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. which all are member of Cucurbitaceae. Materials and Methods For the quantitative estimation of primary metabolites of mature plants (leaves, roots and stems) were collected, washed with distilled water, shade dried and powdered. This powder was used for analysis of carbohydrate [5], protein[6], lipid [14], starch [5] and phenol [7]. Results and Discussion Total levels of metabolites such as sugars, starch, proteins, lipids and phenols evaluated by established protocols in C. callosus, C. colocynthis and L. acutangula. Plants are rich sources of high value metabolites like protein, lipid(oil) and others that are useful in flavoring, fragrances, insecticides, sweeteners and natural dyes [8]. Levels of different metabolites in samples of different parts of the plants are as follows:- Total levels of proteins were found higher in seeds as compared to leaves, stems and roots (Table 1, Fig. 1). C. colocynthis seed contains 26±2% while L. acutangula contains 23±2% of protein, which is similar to protein content of pulses(legumes), which contains 20-25% of protein content. Enzymatic reaction within living cell are typically mediated by proteins [9]. The polymer molecules of protein are formed by linking together a number of amino acids[10]. Total levels of lipids were found higher in seeds followed by roots as compared to leaves and stems (Table 1, Fig. 2). Lipids, the constituents of membranes, are energy stores and involve in controlling of metabolism. Lipids are being used by industry as highly stable lubricant and as reneweble source of fuel [9]. According to US
3 Protein and Oil Quantification from Less Explored Arid Cucurbits 351 Department of Agriculture, Soyabean contains approx 20% of fat content by weight and mustard contains approx 30% of fat content by weight while these cucurbit contains 22±2% to 25±2% of fat content hence may used as rich source of vegetable oil or may be used as biofueil just as jatropha [11] which contains average 34.4% of oil content. Table 1: Different metabolites content. Plant Sample Sugar Starch Protein mg/gdw Lipid Phenol mg/gdw mg/gdw mg/gdw mg/gdw Luffa acutangula Leaf Stem Root Seed Cucumis callosus Leaf Stem Root Seed Citrullus colocynthis Leaf Stem Root Seed mg/gdw = milligram per gram of dry weight. Figure 1: Total protein content. Figure 2: Total lipid content.
4 352 Payal Singh Soam et al Maximum amount of Phenol was estimated in stems of L.acutangula, C. callosus, and leaves of C. colocynthis and L.acutangula (Table 1, Fig. 3). Phenolic compounds regulate the growth and development of plants. Phenols or their oxygen-substituted derivatives such as tannins are aromatic substances which are synthesized by the plants. These substances are useful to the maintenance of health in humans and other animals [12]. Phenols have anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities [13]. Figure 3: Total phenol content. Conclusion The study states that in Cucumis callosus (Rottle.), Citrullus colocynthis (L.) and Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. protein(180, 268 and 231 mg/gdw, respectively) and lipid (248, 246 and 227 mg/gdw, respectively) contents is higher in seeds of all three plants. Maximum amount of Phenol was estimated in stems of L. acutangula (6.9 mg/gdw), C. callosus (6.29 mg/gdw), and leaves of C. colocynthis (6.37mg/gdw). The uses of cucurbit seeds as sources of oils and proteins have been previously reviewed, after the hull is removed, cucurbit seeds contain about 50 percent oil and up to 35 percent proteins. Most of their oil is made up of non-saturated fatty acids, thus of high nutritional values. Conjugated fatty acids among some cucurbit oils make them highly useful as drying oils. [I.e. they combine readily with oxygen to form an elastic, waterproof film. Ed.] The proteins, on the other hand, are principally of the globulin type, and are deficient in lysine but also in sulfur-bearing amino acid. Protein efficiency ratios of about 30 to 70 (that of powdered skim milk is 80) have been measured. The uses of cucurbit seeds for their high protein and oil content have many precedents. These non-conventional plants have great nutritional value so may be proved as possible protein and oil source and their metabolites have further scope in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical industries and as Bio-controls.
5 Protein and Oil Quantification from Less Explored Arid Cucurbits 353 References [1] Katewa SS. Indigenous People and Forests: Perspectives of an Ethnobotanical Study from Rajasthan (India) In:Herbal Drugs: Ethnomedicine to Modern Medicine. 2009; [2] Guha Bakshi DM, Sensarma P, Pal DC. A lexicon of medicinal plants of India. 2000; 1 pp [3] Lazos ES. Certain functional properties of defatted pumpkin seed flour. PlantFoodsHum.Nutr. 1992;51, [4] Scheerens J C, Ralowcz AE, McGriff TL, Bee KA, Nelson JM, Gathman AC. Phenotypic variation of agronomic traits among coyote gourd accessions and their progeny. Econ.Bot. 1991;45, [5] Dubois MK, Gilles, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, SmithF. A colorimetric method for the determination of sugar. Nature. 1951; [6] Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin-Phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 1951;193: [7] Bray HG, WV Thrope. Analysis of phenolic compounds of interest in metabolism. Meth Biochem Anal. 1954;1: [8] Kaufman PB, Duke JA, Brielmam H, Cseke S, Warber S. Natural products from plants. CRC Press. Boca Ratton, F.L [9] Harwood JL. Plant Lipid Metabolism, In. Plant Biochemistry, P.M. Dey, and J. B. Harborne, (Eds.). Academic Press. New York. 2000;pp [10] Arora MP. Biomolecules. Vol.2. Himalaya Publishing House-Mumbai. 2004;160. [11] Radha KK, Kumari AA, Nagesh EL. Alternative Fuels for a Single Cylinder Direct Injection Diesel Engine. IN: First International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology [12] Lietava J. Medicinal Plants in a Middle Paleolithic Grave Shanidar IV, J. Ethnopharmacol. 1992;35(3):263. [13] Robert KM. Biochemistry and Medicine Harper s. Illustrated Biochemistry. Mc Graw Hill [14] Jayaraman J. Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry. New Delhi: Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi.1981.
6 354 Payal Singh Soam et al
Callus induction and in vivo and in vitro comparative study of primary metabolites of Withania Somnifera
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Advances in Applied Science Research, 2011, 2 (3): 47-52 ISSN: 0976-8610 CODEN (USA): AASRFC Callus induction and in vivo and in vitro comparative study
More informationIn-vivo and in-vitro comparative study of primary metabolites and antioxidant activity of Catharanthus roseus
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 2014, 4(2):42-46 ISSN : 2249-7412 CODEN (USA): AJPSKY In-vivo and in-vitro comparative study of primary metabolites
More informationQUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF PHYTOSTEROL FROM TWO MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT PLANTS OF CUCURBITACEAE
Int. J. Engg. Res. & Sci. & Tech. 2014 Renu Sarin and Sangeeta Samria, 2014 Research Paper ISSN 2319-5991 www.ijerst.com Vol. 3, No. 2, May 2014 2014 IJERST. All Rights Reserved QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research
Available on line www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2010, 2(2): 489-495 ISSN No: 0975-7384 In-vivo and in-vitro comparative study of primary metabolites
More informationQuantitative Changes in Primary Metabolites in Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Due to Stripe Disease, Causal Agent Drechslera Graminea
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2014 1 Quantitative Changes in Primary Metabolites in Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Due to Stripe Disease, Causal Agent
More informationSequential Extraction of Plant Metabolites
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 2 (2015) pp. 33-38 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Sequential Extraction of Plant Metabolites Shankar L. Laware* PG. Department of Botany, Fergusson College
More informationDo Now: Sort the following into the order of life from smallest to largest:
Do Now: Sort the following into the order of life from smallest to largest: organ, molecule, atom, organelle, cell, organ system, tissue, organism Correct Order: atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue,
More informationCOMPARISON AND BIOCHEMICAL ESTIMATION OF THREE PRIMARY METABOLITES OF MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT PLANT AMLA (PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA)
International Journal of Education and Science Research Review E- ISSN 2348-6457 Volume-1, Issue-3 June- 2014 P- ISSN 2349-1817 COMPARISON AND BIOCHEMICAL ESTIMATION OF THREE PRIMARY METABOLITES OF MEDICINALLY
More informationA study on formulation, evaluation and analysis of soya-idli
ISSN: 2347-3215 Volume 3 Number 4 (April-2015) pp. 145-150 www.ijcrar.com A study on formulation, evaluation and analysis of soya-idli Hotkar Dhanashree 1*, S.K.Danga 2, M.S.W.Rais Patel 3 and Babita Singh
More informationMacromolecules are large molecules. Macromolecules are large structures made of many smaller structures linked together.
Biomolecules Macromolecules are large molecules. Macromolecules are large structures made of many smaller structures linked together. The small single structure is a monomer (mono=one). The larger structure
More informationPhytochemical estimation of two primary metabolites from medicinally useful plant, Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wt. and Arn.
Phytochemical estimation of two primary metabolites from medicinally useful plant, Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wt. and Arn. Pooja Sharma Plant tissue culture and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Botany,
More informationHow does your body use nutrients?
How does your body use nutrients? As an energy source To heal, build and repair tissue To sustain growth To help transport oxygen to cells To regulate body functions What are carbohydrates? Starches and
More informationBiomolecule: Carbohydrate
Biomolecule: Carbohydrate This biomolecule is composed of three basic elements (carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen) in a 1:2:1 ratio. The most basic carbohydrates are simple sugars, or monosaccharides. Simple
More informationQUALITY EVALUATION OF SORGHUM- BASED COMPLEMENTARY FOOD MIXES Vandana Sati 1 and Dr. Vishakha Singh 2
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 6, No 1, 2017, 119 124 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) QUALITY EVALUATION OF SORGHUM- BASED COMPLEMENTARY FOOD MIXES Vandana Sati 1 and
More informationThe Role of Horticultural Crops in Enhancing Nutrient Security
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 9 (2017) pp. 311-316 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Review Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.609.039
More informationComparative study of phytochemical parameters of hydrophytes reported from Sri Ganganagar district of Rajasthan
2015; 3(5): 36-42 E-ISSN: 2321-2187 P-ISSN: 2394-0514 IJHM 2015; 3(5): 36-42 Received: 13-10-2015 Accepted: 16-11-2015 Lal Chand Maharaja Gangasingh University, P. G. Department of Botany, Dungar College,
More informationPhytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant property of Aegle marmelos Extracts
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 9 (2015) pp. 826-830 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant property of Aegle marmelos Extracts Anjay Kumar Gupta*, Sumeet
More informationFull Length Research Paper. Pretheep-Kumar, P. 1*, Balasubramanian, A. 1 and Mohan, S. 2
Sky Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 4(4), pp. 067-071, June, 2015 Available online http://www.skyjournals.org/sjar ISSN 2315-8751 2015 Sky Journals Full Length Research Paper Efficacy of extracts
More informationStudies on biodeterioration of some chemical constituents in fresh and market roots of drug Desmodium gangeticum DC. under storage
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2013, 3(1):161-165 ISSN: 2248 9215 CODEN (USA): EJEBAU Studies on biodeterioration of some chemical constituents
More informationHow to Develop a Balanced Program for Pecan and Chili. Robert R Smith
Essential Plant Nutrients How to Develop a Balanced Program for Pecan and Chili Robert R Smith Nutrition Management Involves Knowledge of: Site/Soil characteristics and chemistry Plant requirements Cropping
More information2 3 Carbon Compounds Slide 1 of 37
1 of 37 The Chemistry of Carbon The Chemistry of Carbon Organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms. Carbon atoms have four valence electrons that can join with
More informationWhat is food made of?
What is food made of? Food: Nutrients and Food Any substance that is ingested (eaten) and sustains life Meat, fish, nuts, fruits, vegetables, grain products, etc. Nutrients: Food is broken down into substances
More informationbotanicalinnovations.com.au
APPLE CIDER VINEGAR POWDER PREBIOTIC FLAVOUR botanicalinnovations.com.au APPLE CIDER VINEGAR POWDER PREBIOTIC FLAVOUR spray dried apple cider vinegar is a natural prebiotic flavouring and a natural preservative.
More informationEssential Nutrients. Lesson. By Carone Fitness. There are six essential nutrients that your body needs to stay healthy.
Lesson Essential Nutrients By Carone Fitness 6 There are six essential nutrients that your body needs to stay healthy. 1. Water 2. Vitamins 3. Minerals 4. Carbohydrates 5. Protein 6. Fat 1 6 Of these six
More informationFOOD LABELS.! Taking a closer look at the label! List of Ingredients! Serving Size! % Daily values! Recommended Amounts
FOOD LABELS! Taking a closer look at the label! List of Ingredients! Serving Size! % Daily values! Recommended Amounts ! Calories! Total Fat Label Contents! Saturated Fat! Cholesterol! Sodium! Total Carbohydrate!
More informationTHE STORY ON SUGAR A N A R A L L I D I N A, M P H, R D. ALI 261: The Story on Sugar
THE STORY ON SUGAR A N A R A L L I D I N A, M P H, R D 1 ALI 261: The Story on Sugar OBJECTIVES Explain the need for sugar in our bodies The difference between fructose and glucose Explain the health effects
More informationSMART. MORINGA Pure Organic Moringa Leaf Powder
SMART MORINGA Pure Organic Moringa Leaf Powder THE MORINGA TREE The moringa genus is the only member of the Moringaceae family, and it encompasses a wide range of plants, including flowering herbs and
More informationLaura Kim, MGH Dietetic Intern March 17, 2015
Laura Kim, MGH Dietetic Intern March 17, 2015 Introduction Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Understand basic functions of each nutrient Identify food sources of carbohydrates, fats, proteins Create balanced
More informationThere are six general classes of nutrients needed in the horse s diet: water carbohydrates fats protein minerals vitamins.
HORSE NUTRITION Nutrients A nutrient is defined as any feed constituent that is necessary to support life. The following is a list of functions that nutrients perform in the horse's body: source of energy
More informationChemical Tests For Biologically Important Molecules Do not write on this document
Chemical Tests For Biologically Important Molecules Do not write on this document Introduction The most common and important organic molecules found in living things fall into four classes: carbohydrates,
More informationFOOD. product certification criteria
FOOD product certification criteria All Rights Reserved. Copyright @ WFPB.ORG 501(c)3 Public Charity The WFPB Certification Seal is a Registered Trademark. WELCOME. The following information is used as
More informationFuture Food and Health
Future Food and Health Professor Peter Leedman Food 2050 - The UWA Institute of Agriculture 2013 Industry Forum Globalization, Climate Change, and Human Nutrition World s population increase from 7 to
More informationQUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF SOME METABOLITES AND ENZYMES IN INSECT INDUCED LEAF GALLS OF FICUS RELIGIOSA ABSTRACT
QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF SOME METABOLITES AND ENZYMES IN INSECT INDUCED LEAF GALLS OF FICUS RELIGIOSA VIJAY PRAKASH MEENA 1, MAHESH CHAND MEENA 2 * AND SUMAN LATA SHARMA 3 1 Department of Botany, Govt.
More informationThere are four classes of biological macromolecules: Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids
There are four classes of biological macromolecules: Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids Before you can understand the topics in this unit there are some key vocabulary terms you need to
More informationNutrition Standards for All Foods Sold in School
Nutrition Standards for All Foods Sold in School Food/Nutrient Standard Exemptions to the Standard General Standard for Competitive Food. To be allowable, a competitive FOOD item must: (1) meet all of
More informationCarbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids Is it made of carbohydrates? Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. A carbohydrate with 6 carbon atoms would have
More informationBiomolecules. 1) Carbohydrate Facts. Types of Biomolecules. Carbohydrate Facts. What are Biomolecules? 12/25/13. Two Types of Carbohydrates
Biomolecules What are Biomolecules? Organic compounds made by living things Also called biochemicals Some are very large There are thousands of different biomolecules, but are separated into 4 categories
More informationLesson Overview. Carbon Compounds. Lesson Overview. 2.3 Carbon Compounds
Lesson Overview 2.3 The Chemistry of Carbon What elements does carbon bond with to make up life s molecules? Carbon can bond with many elements, including Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Nitrogen
More information2. Compared to normal corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup is A) sweeter. B) less sweet. C) the same sweetness. D) higher in calories.
CHEM 100 MODULE 10 PRETEST 1. Blood sugar is A) fructose. B) glucose. C) lactose. D) sucrose. 2. Compared to normal corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup is A) sweeter. B) less sweet. C) the same sweetness.
More informationCompounds of Life Biological Molecules
Compounds of Life Biological Molecules By Joseph A. Castellano, Ph.D. RESEED Silicon Valley Reference: Focus on Physical Science, Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, Columbus, Ohio, 2007, Pages 438-442. This textbook
More informationIn Vitro and In Vivo Comparative Study of Primary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity in Spilanthes Acmella Murr.
International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Control. ISSN 0974-2220 Volume 3, Number 2 (2011), pp. 103-109 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com In Vitro and In Vivo
More informationModule Seven Macronutrients Continued
Module Four: Module Seven Macronutrients Continued Liana Shanti, CN www.healthmasteryinstitute.com Proteins Where do we get protein from on a plant based diet? How Important is protein? What do our bodies
More informationBiology: Life on Earth Chapter 3 Molecules of life
Biology: Life on Earth Chapter 3 Molecules of life Chapter 3 Outline 3.1 Why Is Carbon So Important in Biological Molecules? p. 38 3.2 How Are Organic Molecules Synthesized? p. 38 3.3 What Are Carbohydrates?
More informationNeem( Azadirachta Indica)
Neem( Azadirachta Indica) Botanical name: Azadirachta Indica Family: Meliaceae, The mahogany tree family Names of Neem in Different Languages English: Neem, Indian Lilac, Margosa Tree, Nim, Crackjack,
More informationB. Element - each different kind of atom is a different element 1. Examples: C = carbon H = hydrogen
I. Chemistry study of what substances are made of and how they change and combine Structural Formula A. Atom fundamental unit of matter 1. Subatomic particles: n o = neutron p + = proton e - = electron
More informationSoybean is one of the nature s wonderful nutritional
Asian Journal of Home Science (June, ) Vol. 5 No. 1 : 123-127 Research Paper : Quantitative analysis of proximate principles and trypsin inhibitor in mature and processed Indian soybean genotype Accepted
More informationChemistry of food and FOOD GRAINS Build a simple calorimeter. Regina Zibuck
Chemistry of food and FOOD GRAINS Build a simple calorimeter Regina Zibuck rzibuck@wayne.edu Build and use a calorimeter (15 %) include calibration data in the 5 sheets. Written test (85 %) (Students are
More informationNew Generation DDGS: millennials or Z? Alvaro Garcia DVM PhD South Dakota State University Director of Agriculture and Natural Resources
New Generation DDGS: millennials or Z? Alvaro Garcia DVM PhD South Dakota State University Director of Agriculture and Natural Resources Dollar value of ethanol and DDGS to Bio-refineries Gross value Co-products
More informationCOURSE COMPACT Science and Engineering
COLLEGE: DEPARTMENT: PROGRAMME: LANDMARK UNIVERSITY, OMU-ARAN COURSE COMPACT Science and Engineering Biological Sciences Biochemistry Course Course code: BCH 317 Course title: Food Biochemistry Credit
More informationTopic 12-2 Making Daily Food Choices
Topic 12-2 Making Daily Food Choices In this topic, you will learn how to choose foods that will supply nutrients, as well as Influences on food choices MyPyramid The Dietary Guidelines for Americans Making
More informationWHY DO WE NEED FOOD? FOOD AND DIET
WHY DO WE NEED FOOD? FOOD AND DIET Food gives us the energy required for chemical reaction to keep us alive Energy also required for many activities and to maintain body temperature Food also gives us
More informationChemical Compounds in Cells
Questions: Five study Questions EQ: What are the functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids? All things are made of tiny particles known as elements and compounds. One reason why cells
More informationFeed Ingredient Options for Sheep Rations Siobhán Kavanagh, Specialist,Teagasc Kildalton, Piltown, Co. Kilkenny
Feed Ingredient Options for Sheep Rations Siobhán Kavanagh, Specialist,Teagasc Kildalton, Piltown, Co. Kilkenny Concentrate feeds are made up of different constituents. Each constituent provides the animal
More informationThe Structure and Function of Biomolecules
The Structure and Function of Biomolecules The student is expected to: 9A compare the structures and functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
More informationBiology. Slide 1 of 37. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 37 2 of 37 The Chemistry of Carbon The Chemistry of Carbon Organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms. 3 of 37 Macromolecules Macromolecules Macromolecules
More informationFAST FACTS ABOUT NOURISHAKE
FAST FACTS ABOUT NOURISHAKE Delicious and ideal for the entire family, NouriShake offers naturally good nutrition in every glass. Designed to support optimum cellular nutrition, NouriShake provides a balanced
More informationCalderglen High School CfE Higher Chemistry. Nature s Chemistry Esters, Fats and Oils. Page 1 of 11
Calderglen High School CfE Higher Chemistry Nature s Chemistry Esters, Fats and Oils Page 1 of 11 No. Learning Outcome Understanding? 1 An ester can be identified from the name containing the -yl-oate
More informationFRUIT FLY OF CUCURBITS IN SEMI ARID REGION OF NORTH GUJARAT CHAUDHARY, F. K. *
FRUIT FLY OF CUCURBITS IN SEMI ARID REGION OF NORTH GUJARAT CHAUDHARY, F. K. * KRUSHI VIGYAN KENDRA SARDARKRUSHINAGAR DANTIWADA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY DEESA-385 535, DI. BANASKANTHA (GUJARAT), INDIA *E-Mail:
More informationName: Per. HONORS: Molecules of Life
Name: Per. HONORS: Molecules of Life Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are classes of organic molecules that are essential to the life processes of all living things. All three classes of molecules are
More information2 3 Carbon Compounds (Macromolecules)
2 3 Carbon Compounds (Macromolecules) Slide 1 of 37 Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms. Slide 2 of 37 Carbon Living organisms are
More informationChiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences 2(4): 268-274, 2010 ISSN: 2041-0778 Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2010 Submitted Date: May 29, 2010 Accepted Date: June 15, 2010 Published Date: July
More informationThere are four classes of biological macromolecules: Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids
There are four classes of biological macromolecules: Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids Before you can understand the topics in this unit there are some key vocabulary terms you need to
More informationThere are four classes of organic molecules: Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids
There are four classes of organic molecules: Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids Monomer Polymer The big four organic molecules are POLYMERS. Each is made up of smaller units called MONOMERS
More informationBiochemical constituents of Gracilaria edulis cultured from spores
Seaweed Res. Utiln., 27 (1 & 2) : 39-44, 2005 Biochemical constituents of Gracilaria edulis cultured from spores REETA JAYASANKAR 1, REMYA RAMAKRISHNAN, K. NIRMALA AND C. SEEMA 1 Central Marine Fisheries
More informationThursday, September 5. Why are carbohydrates important for us to consume?
Bell Work: Thursday, September 5 Carbon Video Why are carbohydrates important for us to consume? 1 O 2 CARBON What is it...and WY is it important? Carbon the building block of life, basis for most molecules
More informationSummary. and. conclusion
Summary and conclusion The focus of the study was to investigate nutritional and medicinal values of ten wild edible fruits in Kolhapur district viz. Ficus racemosa, Elaeagnus conferta, Antidesma ghasembilla,
More informationTHE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL DIVISION ON EARTH AND LIFE STUDIES BOARD ON AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES
More informationTargeted Health Regimen Every Targeted Health Regimen builds upon the Foundations of Optimal Health Regimen. Blood Glucose Maintenance Regimen
Targeted Health Regimen Every Targeted Health Regimen builds upon the Foundations of Optimal Health Regimen. Blood Glucose Maintenance Regimen Every year we are faced with weight gain and increasingly
More informationRefresher: What do we remember about CARBON? What makes it special? Nickname? Where do we find it?
2.3: Carbon Based Molecules Situation: You are tasked with making Chicken Parm and ziti for you entire family (aunts, uncles, cousins, etc). There are 92 different ingredients you have access to in the
More informationResearch Article GALLIC ACID AND FLAVONOID ACTIVITIES OF AMARANTHUS GANGETICUS
ISSN 2395-3411 Available online at www.ijpacr.com 238 Research Article GALLIC ACID AND FLAVONOID ACTIVITIES OF AMARANTHUS GANGETICUS G. Jyoti Jain 1* and S. Ramachandra Setty 2 1 Department of Pharmacology,
More informationSome phytotherapeutic claims by tribals of southern Rajasthan
Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 4(3), July 2005, pp. 291-297 Some phytotherapeutic claims by tribals of southern Rajasthan Anita Jain*, S S Katewa and P K Galav Laboratory of Ethnobotany and
More informationNATURAL ENERGY CEREAL sports bar based on great tasting wholegrain oats
sports bar based on great tasting wholegrain oats Key benefits long description: When you are out there for longer than planned or have a training session later the day, you want to top up your energy
More informationProtein Conversion Efficiency (PCE) in Muscle of Freshwater Fish Labeo rohita fed on Formulated Feed
Biological Forum An International Journal 6(1): 79-83(2014) ISSN No. (Print): 0975-1130 ISSN No. (Online): 2249-3239 Protein Conversion Efficiency (PCE) in Muscle of Freshwater Fish Labeo rohita fed on
More informationEffect of Canning Variables on Physical Biochemical and Microbial Parameters of Peas
Available online at www.ijpab.com Hirpara et al Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (5): 1470-1477 (2017) ISSN: 2320 7051 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.5334 ISSN: 2320 7051 Int. J. Pure App. Biosci.
More informationThere are four classes of biological macromolecules: Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids
There are four classes of biological macromolecules: Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids Discuss with your shoulder partner: What do these words mean? So What Is A Macromolecule? A very
More informationMetabolism is the sum of body processes inside living cells that sustain life and health.
Keeping it Simple Nutrition in General: Metabolism is the sum of body processes inside living cells that sustain life and health. The registered dietician role is to carry out major responsibilities in
More informationOPTIMIZATION OF RICE BRAN HYDROLYSIS AND KINETIC MODELLING OF XANTHAN GUM PRODUCTION USING AN ISOLATED STRAIN
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 4, No 2, 2015, 285 292 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) OPTIMIZATION OF RICE BRAN HYDROLYSIS AND KINETIC MODELLING OF XANTHAN GUM PRODUCTION
More informationThe positive response S T RAIGHT S QUALITY STRAIGHTS AND CO-PRODUCT FEEDS
The positive response S T RAIGHT S QUALITY STRAIGHTS AND CO-PRODUCT FEEDS Tel: 01509 501801 www.glw-feeds.co.uk Welcome to STRAIGHTS Founded in 1873, GLW Feeds are one of the UK s largest independent,
More informationTerry Richmond s Fertilizer Package mentioned in the panel discussion March 14, 2013.
Terry Richmond s Fertilizer Package mentioned in the panel discussion March 14, 2013. Roles of the 16 essential nutrients in plant development Sixteen plant food nutrients are essential for proper crop
More informationLecture 3. Nutrition
Lecture 3 Nutrition, Part 1 1 Nutrition 1.Macronutrients a. Water b. Carbohydrates c. Proteins d. Fats 2.Micronutrients a. Minerals b. Vitamins 2 1 Why is Nutrition Important? Your food choices each day
More informationPhytochemical Screening of Spilanthes acmella plant parts
Research Paper Phytochemical Screening of Spilanthes acmella plant parts Rajesh Yadav Pharmacy Departmaent, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.) 470001 India Spilanthes acmella leaf and root
More informationAUSTRALIAN FUNCTIONAL NUTRACEUTICAL FLAVOURS, FRAGRANCES & INGREDIENTS
TASTE + FUNCTION RED & APPLE PEEL FLAKES & POWDER CREATE NEW PRODUCTS ENHANCE EXISTING PRODUCTS WITH PHENOLIC RICH POWDERS CONCENTRATED PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS ANTIXODIANTS VITAMIN C VITAMIN E n Botanical Orange
More informationBell Work A molecule composed primarily of amino acids would be classified in which of the following groups? a. starches c. proteins b. fats d. sugars
Bell Work A molecule composed primarily of amino acids would be classified in which of the following groups? a. starches c. proteins b. fats d. sugars Bell Work A molecule composed primarily of amino acids
More informationLesson 5.1. Diet & Exercise. By Carone Fitness. This lesson discusses proper nutrition as well as the relationship between diet and exercise.
Lesson 5.1 Diet & Exercise By Carone Fitness This lesson discusses proper nutrition as well as the relationship between diet and exercise. 1 There are six essential nutrients that your body needs to stay
More informationBiochemistry Notes MACROMOLECULES. Organic Compounds and Their Properties
Biochemistry Notes MACROMOLECULES Organic Compounds and Their Properties Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is the study of: molecules containing carbon to carbon bonds. Macromolecules are very large
More information2.3 Carbon Compounds 12/19/2011 BIOLOGY MRS. MICHAELSEN. Lesson Overview. Carbon Compounds The Chemistry of Carbon. Lesson Overview.
2.3 The Chemistry of Carbon A. Carbon atoms have four valence electrons 1. Form strong covalent bonds with many other elements: H, O, P, S, N. 2. Living organisms are made up of carbon and these other
More information1.3.1 Function of Food. Why do we need food?
1.3.1 Function of Food Why do we need food? Need to know The Function of Food Three reasons for requiring food 2 Food is needed for: 1.Energy 2.Growth of new cells and Repair of existing cells, tissues,
More informationCarbon Compounds (2.3) (Part 1 - Carbohydrates)
Carbon Compounds (2.3) (Part 1 - Carbohydrates) The Chemistry of Carbon (Organic Chemistry) Organic Chemistry: The study of compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms. Carbon can bond with many
More informationEffect of induced mutation on some biochemical content of Winged Bean
Bioscience Discovery, 4(2):182-186, July 2013 Effect of induced mutation on some biochemical content of Winged Bean Bhalerao A L and V S Kothekar 1 S. S. and L. S. Patkar College of Arts & Science, Goregaon
More informationMolecules of Life. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
Molecules of Life Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Molecules of Life All living things are composed of the following basic elements: Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorous Sulfur Remember
More informationStandardization of Glycerinisation for Leaves of Silver Oak (Grevillea robusta), Kanchan (Bauhinia purpurea) and Pipal (Ficus religiosa)
International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology Citation: IJAEB: 9(5): 815-820, October 2016 DOI: 10.5958/2230-732X.2016.00104.2 2016 New Delhi Publishers. All rights reserved AGRONOMY
More informationCarbon Compounds. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview. 2.3 Carbon Compounds
Lesson Overview Carbon Compounds Lesson Overview 2.3 THINK ABOUT IT In the early 1800s, many chemists called the compounds created by organisms organic, believing they were fundamentally different from
More informationPreliminary Phytochemical Screening of Two Medicinal Plants - Annona squamosa (L.) and Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Roxb.
Human Journals Research Article August 2017 Vol.:10, Issue:1 All rights are reserved by Gayathri, V. et al. Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Two Medicinal Plants - Annona squamosa (L.) and Garcinia
More informationAPPLE OATS CHIA COOKIES
Baking APPLE OATS CHIA COOKIES omega-3 13% chia great taste high in protein and fiber all chia nutrients in a healthy snack Sweet apple oats Chia cookies snack application with: BENEFITS ADDED TO END-PRODUCT:
More informationOrganic Chemistry Worksheet
Organic Chemistry Worksheet Name Section A: Intro to Organic Compounds 1. Organic molecules exist in all living cells. In terms of biochemistry, what does the term organic mean? 2. Identify the monomer
More informationCHAPTER 2- BIOCHEMISTRY I. WATER (VERY IMPORTANT TO LIVING ORGANISMS) A. POLAR COMPOUND- 10/4/ H O KENNEDY BIOLOGY 1AB
CHAPTER 2- BIOCHEMISTRY KENNEDY BIOLOGY 1AB I. WATER (VERY IMPORTANT TO LIVING ORGANISMS) WATER S UNIQUE PROPERTIES MAKE IT ESSENTIAL FOR ALL LIFE FUNCTIONS IT IS POLAR, AND HAS BOTH ADHESIVE AND COHESIVE
More informationLocust Bean Gum as Fat Replacer in Broccoli. Jacqueline Vahle and Samantha Steed FN /22/2009
Locust Bean Gum as Fat Replacer in Broccoli and Cheddar Soup Jacqueline Vahle and Samantha Steed FN 453 11/22/2009 ABSTRACT The role of locust bean gum (Cesagum) in operating as a fat replacer was investigated
More informationIMPROVED SHELF LIFE OF BELL CAPSICUM FRUITS BY MANIPULATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF GLYCOSIDASES THROUGH HEAT TREATMENT
IMPROVED SHELF LIFE OF BELL CAPSICUM FRUITS BY MANIPULATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF GLYCOSIDASES THROUGH HEAT TREATMENT B.H. JAGADEESH, T.N. PRABHA AND K. SRINIVASAN* Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition,
More informationTeacher Workbooks. Language Arts Series Internet Reading Comprehension Pumpkins Theme, Vol. 1
Teacher Workbooks Language Arts Series Internet Reading Comprehension Theme, Vol. 1 Copyright 2003 Teachnology Publishing Company A Division of Teachnology, Inc. For additional information, visit us at
More informationServing Size (4.5g) (4.5g) (4.5g) (5g) (5g) Servings per container
Prafeuille Chocolat "Strawberry" Prafeuille Chocolat "Caramel" Prafeuille Chocolat "White Milk" Pure Chocolate "white" Pure Chocolate "Colombia Bitter" N u t r i t i o n F a c t s Serving Size (4.5g) (4.5g)
More information