Cellular Respiration

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Arthur Mathews
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1 Cellular Respiration

2 Energy Review Energy Storing Molecules ATP, NADPH (NAD + ), FADH (FAD + ), FADH 2 ATP supplies most of the energy that drives metabolism in living things ATP releases energy when converted into ADP

3 Cellular Respiration Overview Living things get most of the energy they need from glucose. Autrotrophs make glucose using photosynthesis Heterotrophs get glucose from food they eat Cellular Respiration The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.

4 Cellular Respiration Overview Cellular Respiration Overall Equation 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy Three Stages 1. Glycolysis 2. Kreb s Cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain The Main form of Energy produced = ATP

5 Cellular Respiration: An Overview Electrons carried in NADH Mitochondrion Glucose Glycolysis Pyruvic acid Krebs Cycle Electrons carried in NADH and FADH 2 Electron Transport Chain Cytoplasm Mitochondrion

6 Glycolysis Glyco = Glucose lysis = Breakdown Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell Molecules of GLUCOSE are broken down into 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid. Cell must use (invest) 2 ATP Produces Energy Carrier Molecules 4 ATP 2 NADH = Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

7 Glycolysis Glucose Pyruvic Acid Pyruvic Acid To the Electron Transport Chain

8 The Mighty Mitochondria The mitochondria is the organelle where the final stages of cellular respiration occurs. Kreb s Cycle Electron Transport Chain Cells that use a lot of energy have high numbers of mitochondria. Example: Muscle cells in the heart!!

9 Parts of the Mitochondria Many similarities exist between the chloroplast and the mitochondria Mitochondria has a double membrane Mitochondria have their own DNA and only come from preexisting mitochondria.

10 Parts of the Mitochondria Mitochondria have a smooth outer membrane Mitochondria have a folded inner-membrane called the cristae. A folded inner membrane allows more surface area for chemical reactions to occur. Mitochondria have a center called the matrix.

11 Kreb s Cycle

12 Figure Section The Krebs Cycle Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion

13 Kreb s Cycle Aerobic Process = Only if oxygen is present!! Occurs in the MATRIX of the mitochondria Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis enters to form 1 ATP 3 NADH 1 FADH 2 CO 2 (which is released when we exhale!!) AKA.Citric Acid Cycle

14 Electron Transport Chain Energy carrier molecules produced during Glycolysis and the Kreb s Cycle enter the ETC NADH FADH 2 Occurs in the folds of the Inner Membrane of the Mitochondria (Cristae) The electrons are passed down a chain of proteins until they reach the final electron acceptor..oxygen! So this step is aerobic (requires oxygen) The ETC produces 32 ATP and H 2 O

15 Section 9-2 Cellular Respiration Flowchart Glucose (C 6 H ) + Oxygen (0 2 ) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) + Water (H 2 O)

16 What happens if NO OXYGEN is available?? The Kreb s Cycle and Electron Transport Chain can t function!! These are anaerobic conditions!!

17 Fermentation The cell can use Fermentation instead!! Occurs in the Cytoplasm Just like glycolysis!! Fermentation A series of reactions that convert NADH (from glycolysis) back into NAD allowing glycolysis to keep producing a small amount of ATP

18 2 Types of Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Yeasts use this process to form ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide as waste products. This causes bread dough to rise This is how some alcoholic beverages are made Pyruvic Acid + NADH alcohol + CO 2 + NAD+

19 Lactic Acid Fermentation Occurs in bacteria (unicellular organisms) This is how cheese, yogurt, and pickles are made. Occurs in muscles during rapid exercise When your body runs out of oxygen your muscle cells must produce some ATP using fermentation and glycolysis Lactic Acid build-up causes muscle soreness or burning after intense activity. Pyruvic Acid + NADH lactic acid + NAD+

20 Fermentation Summary Glycolysis: Glucose 2 Pyruvic Acid Fermentation: 2 Pyruvic Acid? or?

21 Section 9-1 Chemical Pathways Glucose Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport Fermentation (without oxygen) Alcohol or Lactic Acid

Cellular Respiration. How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!!

Cellular Respiration. How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!! Cellular Respiration How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!! Useable Energy Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP) Adenosine Ribose Sugar 3 Phosphates November 27, 2017 November 27, 2017 Where do our cells get energy?