K Venkaiah and T.Longvah NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NUTRITION HYDERABAD TS, INDIA

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1 K Venkaiah and T.Longvah NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NUTRITION HYDERABAD 5 7 TS, INDIA 12 th International Food Data Conference, October 11 13, 17, Buenos Aires

2 Principle use worldwide is in the estimation of food and nutrient intake Frame national nutrition and health policies Monitoring public health Epidemiological research Diet formulation Cultivar specific nutrient data of food crops Food fortification Plant breeding Agriculture policies Food regulation Food label Consumer information Food label Formulate products Dietary guidelines for diseases prevention and health promotion Health claims Trade, Health claims, Education, food science, Environmental sector, Animal feeds etc

3 To see the impact of the new on nutrient intakes of the Indian population.

4 In India the National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau (NNMB) is the only body carrying out nutrition surveillance and dietary intake studies NNMB which has been in operation for the last 42 years covering 1 states in India - Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. These 1 states represents about 3/4 th of the geographical area of the country and 2/3 rd of the total Indian population.

5 The analysis is made on the dietary intakes of 11,91 Households consisting of 5,252 individuals of all age groups. Representative number of households were covered from these ten states. National nutrient intake of individuals was being monitored in the country using diet survey collected using 24 hour dietary recall method and nutrient values from the nutritive value of Indian foods () With the availability of new nutrient data we recalculated the nutrient intakes using the new 17.

6 Average Intake of different nutrients (Per CU) using Values and -15 values % Change Mean Median SD Mean Median SD (Median) Protein Total Fat Carbohydrates Energy Vitamin A Thaimine Riboflavin Niacin Vitamin C Iron Dietary folate

7 Average Intake of different nutrients (Per CU) using Values and Values % Change Mean Median SD Mean Median SD (Median) Phosphorus Zinc Sodium Calcium Magnesium Potassium Copper Molybdenum

8 Average Intake of Nutrients according to Physiological groups

9 1 1 1 Fig. Average Intake of Nutrients (Proximate principles) as % RDA 1-3 Yr. Children Yr. Children Protein Fat Energy Protein Fat Energy Sedentary Male Protein Fat Energy

10 1 1 1 Fig. Average Intake of Nutrients (Proximate principles) as % RDA Sedentary Female 1 Pregnant Protein Fat Energy Protein Fat Energy Lactating Protein Fat Energy

11 1 1 1 Fig. Average Intake of Nutrients (Water Soluble Vitamins) as % RDA Yr. Children Thiamin Ribo Niacin Vit "C'' Tot.Folate Yr. Children Thiamin Ribo Niacin Vit "C'' Tot. Folate Sedentary Male Thiamin Ribo Niacin Vit "C'' Tot. Folate

12 Fig. Average Intake of Nutrients (Water Soluble Vitamins) as % RDA Sedentary Female Pregnant Thiamin Ribo Niacin Vit "C'' Tot. Folate Thiamin Ribo Niacin Vit "C'' Tot. Folate Lactating Thiamin Ribo Niacin Vit "C'' Tot. Folate

13 Fig. Average Intake of Vitamin "A" (Fat Soluble Vitamin) as % RDA Sed.Male Sed.Female Preg. Lact.

8 mg/g) & β-carotene (2.8 mg/g) while fruits was a source of lycopene (.16 mg/g) & ɣ-cryptoxanthin (.

14 Most abundant carotenoids Lutein, Zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, - carotene, β-carotene and lycopene Carotenoid dataset available from valid sampling and analytical technique Green leafy vegetables was the richest source of lutein (2.7 mg/g), Zeaxanthin (.8 mg/g) & β-carotene (2.8 mg/g) while fruits was a source of lycopene (.16 mg/g) & ɣ-cryptoxanthin (.2 mg/g), Roots and tubers -carotene(.18 mg/g), Carotenoids intake mg/day β-cryptoxan Zeaxanthin β-carotene lycopene lutein Swiss Indian

Male Female Total Vitamin B6 Intake mg/d 1.2 1.

15 Male Female Total Vitamin B6 Intake mg/d Indian RDA (%) 5 Insufficient levels of Vit B6 is associated with cardiovascular diseases and contribute to neurologic disorders and impaired immune function Major food sources of Vit B6 are animal foods Are Indians whose diet is predominantly vegetarian receiving adequate B6?

16 Recent evidence that vitamin K-dependant (Gla) proteins are widely present in the body and have important physiological functions other than coagulation have driven the need to make accurate dietary intakes of Vit K. Therefore, complete database of phyloquinone and Menaquinone have been generated in Indian foods Based on average content in food groups major dietary source of phylloquinone are green leafy vegetables (266 µg/g), condiments and spices (7 µg/g), other vegetables (32 µg/g), nuts and oilseeds (27 µg/g) Pulses (16 µg/g), fruits (1 µg/g) roots and tuber (6 µg/g), cereals & millets (6 µg/g) Database will enable assessment of dietary intakes of phylloquinone among Indian population and relate to plasma levels and functional indices of coagulation & bone health

CHD, is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. An elevated blood cholesterol concentration is one of the principal risk factors.

Phytosterols are a group of lipophyilic steroid alcohols found in plants with serum cholesterol reducing properties Cross sectional population study have shown

17 CHD, is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. An elevated blood cholesterol concentration is one of the principal risk factors. Diet plays a key role in modulating blood cholesterol concentrations. Phytosterols are a group of lipophyilic steroid alcohols found in plants with serum cholesterol reducing properties Cross sectional population study have shown that higher phytosterol intake have lower cholestrol concentration Phytosterol are estimated to be consumed in the range of mg/day. These estimate would change according to the choice of database hence valid database coming from exclusive analytical data is a welcome change

18 Intake of -3-fatty acids are associated with several health benefits The average content of EPA and DHA of all fishes in the new is 15 and 247 mg/g respectively The International society for the study of fatty acids and Lipids recommends daily intake of 5mg/day of EPA+DHA However, intake the intake of EPA and DHA among adult Indian male is just 14 & mg respectively The complete fatty acid profile of Indian foods will now permit the study on the relationship between dietary FA intake and disease prevalence

19 Complete amino acid profile of Indian foods are now available in the new Diet planning for those with inborn errors of metabolism Dietary adequacy of protein in terms of balance between essential and non essential amino acids Data can be used for national nutrition and health policies Setting the DRIs for Indians

20 a

The new food composition data showed distinct changes in the mineral and vitamin intakes compared to the old data In India intake of only 8 nutrients were being monitored due to lack of credible data.

21 The new food composition data showed distinct changes in the mineral and vitamin intakes compared to the old data In India intake of only 8 nutrients were being monitored due to lack of credible data. With the availability of database for 1 nutrients and bioactive substances in foods research into intake and outcome measures will increase exponentially Public health emphasis on diet-related measures can now be based on sound scientific evidence. The IFCD will play an important role in national nutrition monitoring, national food policy, and many others

NNMB Technical Report No:18 NATIONAL NUTRITION MONITORING BUREAU

NNMB Technical Report No:18 NATIONAL NUTRITION MONITORING BUREAU NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NUTRITION Indian Council of Medical Research HYDERABAD - 500 007, INDIA 1999 NNMB Technical Report No.18 NATIONAL