Overview of Production and Nutrient Content of DDGS. Dr. Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota

Transcription

1 Overview of Production and Nutrient Content of DDGS Dr. Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota

2 What is DDGS? o o o Distiller s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) n By-product of the dry-milling ethanol industry Nutrient composition is different between dry-mill, wet-mill and beverage alcohol by-products n n n n n DDGS fuel ethanol DDGS - whiskey distilleries Corn gluten feed wet mill Corn gluten meal wet mill Brewer s dried grains beer manufacturing Nutrient content depends on the grain source used o Corn DDGS - Midwestern US o Wheat DDGS - Canada o Sorghum (milo) DDGS - Great Plains US o Barley DDGS

3 Comparison of Nutrient Composition (100% Dry Matter Basis) of Golden DDGS to Corn Gluten Feed, Corn Gluten Meal, Corn Germ Meal, and Brewer s Dried Grains Golden DDGS (UM) Corn Gluten Feed (NRC) Corn Gluten Meal (NRC) Corn Germ Meal (Feedstuffs) Brewer s Dried Grains (NRC) Protein, % Fat, % NDF, % No data 52.9 DE, kcal/kg No data 2283 ME, kcal/kg Lys, % Met, % Thr, % Trp, % Ca, % Available P, %

4 Types of Distiller s By- Products from Dry-Grind Ethanol Plants o o o o o o Wet distiller s grains n Primarily beef, some dairy Dry distiller s grains n Beef and dairy Wet distiller s grains with solubles n Beef and dairy Dried distiller s grains with solubles n Dairy, swine, poultry, some beef Modified wet cake (blend of wet and dry distiller s grains) n Primarily beef, some dairy Condensed distiller s solubles n n Beef and dairy Ontario, Canada - swine liquid feeding systems

5 Proportion of Distiller s Grains Marketed Wet vs Dry 60% 40% Wet Dry

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7 Samples of High Quality, Golden Corn DDGS VeraSun - Aurora, SD CVEC - Benson, MN Al-Corn - Claremont, MN MGP Lakota, IA CMEC - Little Falls, MN Agri-Energy - Luverne, MN LSCP - Marcus, IA DENCO Morris, MN

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9 Dry-Milling Average Ethanol Yield Per Bushel (25.4 kg) of Corn o Ethanol o DDGS o CO liters 8.2 kg 8.2 kg Slide courtesy of Ms. Kelly Davis, CVEC, Benson, MN

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11 U.S. DDGS Production ,000,000 Metric Tons ,500,000 3,000,000 1,800, , , Est 2005 Source: Steve Markham Commodity Specialists Company

12 U.S. DDGS Consumption Estimate 2001 Estimate % 15 % 36% 60% Dairy Beef Poultry/Swine 5% 45% Dairy Beef Poultry Swine 35% Estimate 2003 Estimate % 4% 11% 46% Dairy Beef Poultry Swine 3% 37% 16 % 44% Dairy Beef Poultry Swine CSC 2005

13 Estimated DDGS Usage in U.S. Swine Feeds (Metric Tonnes) 1,200,000 1,000, , , , ,000 0

14 U.S. DDGS Exports Are Increasing Source: Commodity Specialists Company Metric Tons

15 Major U.S. DDGS Importing Countries (84% of Total Exports) 8.3% 9.2% 9.3% 11.0% 22.6% 24.0% Ireland UK Canada Spain Mexico Portugal

16 Asian Countries Importing U.S. DDGS (4.5% of Total Exports) Malaysia Indonesia Taiwan Vietnam S. Korea Philippines China Thailand Japan

17 Comparison of Proximate Analysis of High Quality U.S. Golden Corn DDGS with Chinese DDGS (100% Dry Matter Basis) % US Avg China-Taiwan China-Korea 0 Moist. Protein Fat Fiber Ash U.S. Avg. = average of values obtained from samples from 10 New Generation dry-mill ethanol plants (Spiehs et al., 2002) China-Taiwan = actual analyzed values of a Chinese DDGS sample collected in Taiwan in 2003 China-Korea = actual analyzed values of a sample of Chinese DDGS obtained from S. Korea in 2005

18 Comparison of Calculated Digestible Energy, Metabolizable Energy for Swine of U.S. New Generation DDGS to Chinese DDGS (100% Dry Matter Basis) DE, Mcal/kg ME, Mcal/kg U.S. Avg. China-Taiwan China-Korea U.S. Avg. = average of calculated values obtained from DDGS samples from 10 New Generation ethanol plants (Spiehs et al., 2002) China-Taiwan = calculated values from actual proximate analysis of a sample of Chinese DDGS obtained from Taiwan in 2003 China-Korea = calculated values from actual proximate analysis of a sample of Chinese DDGS obtained from S. Korea in 2005

19 Comparison of Amino Acid Analysis of U.S. New Generation DDGS with Chinese DDGS (100% Dry Matter Basis) % US Avg China-Taiwan China-Korea 0 Lys Met Cys Thr Trp U.S. Avg. = average of values obtained from samples from 10 New Generation dry-mill ethanol plants (Spiehs et al., 2002) China-Taiwan = actual analyzed values of a Chinese DDGS sample collected in Taiwan in 2003 China-Korea = actual analyzed values of a sample of Chinese DDGS obtained from S. Korea in 2005

20 Comparison of Macro-mineral Analysis of U.S. New Generation DDGS with Chinese DDGS (100% Dry Matter Basis) Ca, % P, % K, % Mg, % Na, % US Avg. China-Taiwan China-Korea U.S. Avg. = average of values obtained from samples from 10 New Generation dry-mill ethanol plants (Spiehs et al., 2002) China-Taiwan = actual analyzed values of a Chinese DDGS sample collected in Taiwan in 2003 China-Korea = actual analyzed values of a sample of Chinese DDGS obtained from S. Korea in 2005

21 Comparison of Trace Mineral Analysis of U.S. New Generation DDGS with Chinese DDGS (100% Dry Matter Basis) US Avg. China-Taiwan China-Korea Zn, ppm Mn, ppm Cu, ppm Fe, ppm U.S. Avg. = average of values obtained from samples from 10 New Generation dry-mill ethanol plants (Spiehs et al., 2002) China-Taiwan = actual analyzed values of a Chinese DDGS sample collected in Taiwan in 2003 China-Korea = actual analyzed values of a sample of Chinese DDGS obtained from S. Korea in 2005

22 Ethanol Plants are Developing New Distiller s By-Products n n n n n n DDG Winnebago High protein DDGS Dakota Commodities De-germed or partial de-germed DDGS Quick fiber Removing P Others

23 Comparison of Nutrient Content of Dakota Gold DDGS with High Protein Dakota Gold (100% DM Basis) Protein, % Fat, % NDF, % Ash, % DDGS HP DDGS

24 Comparison of Amino Acid Content of Dakota Gold DDGS with High Protein Dakota Gold (100% DM Basis) DDGS HP DDGS Lys, % Met, % Cys, % Thr, % Trp, %

25 Comparison of Mineral Content of Dakota Gold DDGS with High Protein Dakota Gold (100% DM Basis) Ca, % P, % Na, % S, % DDGS HP DDGS

26 Proximate Analysis and Calculated Swine Energy Values Among 27 U.S. DDGS Sources (100% Dry Matter Basis) Nutrient Average Range Dry matter, % Crude protein, % Fat, % Fiber, % Ash, % ADF, % Swine DE, kcal/kg Swine ME, kcal/kg

27 Amino Acid Analysis Averages and Ranges Among 27 U.S. DDGS Sources (100% Dry Matter Basis) Nutrient Average Range Arg, % His, % Ile, % Leu, % Lys, % Met, % Cys, % Phe, % Thr, % Trp, % Val, %

28 Mineral Analysis Averages and Ranges Among 27 U.S. DDGS Sources (100% Dry Matter Basis) Nutrient Average Range Ca, % P, % K, % Mg, % S, % Na, % Zn, ppm Mn, ppm Cu, ppm Fe, ppm

29 Nutrient Composition of High Quality U.S. Corn DDGS for Ruminants Nutrient % of Dry Matter Crude protein 30.1 Ruminally undegradable protein (% of CP) 55.0 NE maintenance (Mcal/kg) 2.07 NE gain (Mcal/kg) 1.41 NE lactation (Mcal/kg) 2.26 NDF 41.5 ADF 16.1 Ether extract 10.7

30 Comparison of Energy Values of DDGS for Swine (88% DM Basis) Golden DDGS Calculated U of M Golden DDGS Trial avg. U of M Traditional DDGS Calculated U of M DDGS NRC (1998) DE, kcal/kg 3488 Range ME, kcal/kg 3162 Range Range Range Corn (NRC, 1998): DE (kcal/kg) = 3484 ME (kcal/kg) = 3382

31 Comparison of DE and ME Estimates of DDGS for Swine (88% DM) DE, Mcal/kg ME, Mcal/kg NE, Mcal/kg U of M Golden DDGS (1999) No data U of M Traditional (1999) No data KSU New Generation (2004) KSU Old Generation (2004) Hanor-Hubbard-Ajinomoto (2004) 4 No data NRC (1998) No data 1 Calculated values 2 Determined by growth and metabolism trials (source Dakota Gold) 3 Not DDGS but corn gluten from a NE ethanol plant 4 Determined by growth trials (source Dakota Gold)

32 Comparison of Energy Values of Golden Corn DDGS for Poultry (88% DM Basis) AME, kcal/kg 2260 Range Golden DDGS NRC (1994) 2480 TME, kcal/kg 2850 Range Source: Noll and Parsons Unpublished data.

33 Comparison of Amino Acid Composition of DDGS (88% dry matter basis) Golden DDGS Traditional DDGS DDGS (NRC, 1998) Lysine, % 0.75 (17.3) 0.47 (26.5) 0.59 Methionine, % 0.63 (13.6) 0.44 (4.5) 0.48 Threonine, % 0.99 (6.4) 0.86 (7.3) 0.89 Tryptophan, % 0.22 (6.7) 0.17 (19.8) 0.24 Valine, % 1.32 (7.2) 1.22 (2.3) 1.23 Arginine, % 1.06 (9.1) 0.81 (18.7) 1.07 Histidine, % 0.67 (7.8) 0.54 (15.2) 0.65 Leucine, % 3.12 (6.4) 2.61 (12.4) 2.43 Isoleucine, % 0.99 (8.7) 0.88 (9.1) 0.98 Phenylalanine, % 1.29 (6.6) 1.12 (8.1) 1.27 Values in ( ) are CV s among plants

34 Standardized Ileal True Digestible Amino Acid Levels and Coefficients of Corn DDGS for Swine (10 Sources of Golden DDGS) Amino acid True Dig. Amino Acid, % Digestibility Coefficient, % Average Lysine Methionine Threonine Tryptophan Source: Stein et al., Unpublished data.

35 True Digestible Amino Acid Levels of Golden Corn DDGS for Poultry (5 Sources) Amino acid True Dig. Amino Acid, % Average Digestibility Coefficient, % Average Methionine Cystine Lysine Arginine Tryptophan Threonine Source: Noll and Parsons Unpublished data.

36 Fig. 1. Regression of digestible lys (%) and color (L*, b*) R 2 = 0.71 L*, b* score R 2 = 0.74 L* b* Linear (L*) Linear (b*) Lys (%) Source: Dr. Sally Noll (2003)

37 Fig. 2. Regression of digestible cys (%) and color (L*, b*) R 2 = 0.66 L*, b* score R 2 = 0.67 L* b* Linear (L*) Linear (b*) Cys (%)

38 Fig. 3. Regression of digestible thr (%) and color (L*, b*) R 2 = L*, b* score R 2 = 0.40 L* b* Linear (L*) Linear (b*) Thr (%)

39 Comparison of Phosphorus Level and Relative Availability of DDGS for Swine (88% dry matter basis) Golden DDGS Traditional DDGS DDGS NRC (1998) Corn NRC (1998) Total P, % 0.78 Range P Availability, % 90 Range No data Available P, % 0.70 No data

40 Comparison of Phosphorus Level and Relative Availability of DDGS for Poultry (88% dry matter basis) Golden DDGS NRC (1994) Total P, % P Availability, % 61 Range Available P, % Source: 2003 Lumpkins, Dale, and Batal, University of Georgia. Abstract.

41 Relative Value of DDGS Differs Depending on Species Feed Dollars/ ton Assumptions: Corn $2.00 / bu SBM $ / ton Urea $ / ton Non-ruminant diets corn/sbm Ruminant diets typical diets with competing by-products. Dairy Lactation $ Poultry Finisher $ Layer Diet $ Swine G-F Diet $96.34 Beef Feedlot $ Source: Tilstra, Land O Lakes

42 U of M DDGS Web Site We have developed a DDGS web site featuring: * nutrient profiles and photos of DDGS samples * research summaries - swine, poultry, dairy, & beef - DDGS quality * presentations given * links to other DDGS related web sites * international audiences